1、 ANSI S12.9-2005/Part 4 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound Part 4: Noise Assessment and Prediction of Long-term Community Response Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secreta
2、riat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 ANSI S12.9-2005/Part 4 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-The American National
3、 Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to incre
4、ase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoustical Society of America 2005 ANSI S12.9-2005/
5、Part 4 (Revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD QUANTITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUND PART 4: NOISE ASSESSMENT AND PREDICTION OF LONG-TERM COMMUNITY RESPONSE Secretariat:Acoustical Society of America Approved by: American National Sta
6、ndards Institute, Inc. Abstract This Standard specifies methods to assess environmental sounds and to predict the annoyance response of communities to long-term noise from any and all types of environmental sounds produced by one or more distinct or distributed sound sources. The sound sources may b
7、e separate or in various combinations. Application of the method of the Standard is limited to areas where people reside and related long-term land uses. This Standard does not address the effects of intrusive sound on people in areas of short-term use such as parks and wilderness areas, nor does it
8、 address other effects of noise such as sleep disturbance or health effects. This Standard does not provide a method to predict the community response to short-term, infrequent, non-repetitive sources of sound. Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for Re
9、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechan
10、ical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical
11、Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal,
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14、or their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materi
15、ally affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely vo
16、luntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or wit
17、hdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-02
18、15 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2005 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior
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20、 Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope. 1 2 Normative references. 2 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Descriptors for environmental sounds . 4 4.1 Single-event sounds 4 4.2 Continuous sounds . 4 4.3 Repetitive single-event sounds. 5 5 Sound measurement locations 5 6 Adj
21、ustments for background sound . 5 6.1 General . 5 6.2 Specific requirements 5 7 Method to assess environmental sounds either singly or in combination . 6 7.1 General environmental sounds. 6 7.2 Adjustments to general environmental sound. 8 8 Reporting assessments of environmental sounds and predicti
22、on of long-term community annoyance response . 12 8.1 Use of A-weighted sound exposure and day-night average sound level 12 8.2 Assessment of environmental sounds 12 8.3 Prediction of long-term annoyance response of communities 12 8.4 Reporting. 12 Annex A Adjustments for background sound .14 A.1 In
23、troduction . 14 A.2 Mathematical development . 15 A.3 Background sound adjustment situations . 16 Annex B High-energy impulsive sounds. 18 B.1 Introduction . 18 B.2 Fundamental descriptor 18 B.3 Measurement 18 B.4 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level for high-energy impulsive sounds from C-w
24、eighted sound exposure level . 18 B.5 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level from C-weighted sound exposure level 18 B.6 Calculation of adjusted sound exposure level from C-weighted sound exposure 19 B.7 Use of adjusted sound exposure 19 Annex C Sounds with tonal content . 20 Annex D Sounds wi
25、th strong low-frequency content 21 D.1 Introduction . 21 D.2 Analysis factors. 21 D.3 Applicability . 21 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoustical Society of America 20
26、05 All rights reserved ii D.4 Descriptor 22 D.5 Adjusted sound exposures for sounds with strong low-frequency content. 22 D.6 Use of adjusted sound exposure 23 D.7 Noise-induced rattles 23 Annex E Onset rate for airplane flybys. 24 Annex F Estimated percentage of a population highly annoyed as a fun
27、ction of adjusted day-night sound level 25 F.1 Introduction . 25 F.2 The Dose-response function. 25 F.3 Qualifications to the dose-response function 26 Annex G Assessing the complaint potential of high-amplitude impulse noise. 29 G.1 Introduction . 29 G.2 Complaint criteria 29 G.3 Complaint risk pre
28、diction. 29 Annex H Loudness-level weighting 31 H.1 Introduction . 31 H.2 The method. 31 Bibliography. 35 Figures Figure F.1 Percentage of respondents highly annoyed by road traffic sounds, as a function of the A-weighted day-night level. 26 Figure H.1 Equal loudness level contours in phons from ISO
29、 226-1987. The non-shaded area shows the frequency range where, approximately, a 10-dB change in sound pressure level corresponds to a 10-dB change in phon level. At low frequencies this relationship does not occur. For example, at 31 Hz, a 10-dB change in sound pressure level corresponds to about a
30、 20-dB change in phon level. . 33 Figure H.2 Generalized house TL for windows open on the order of 5 cm 33 Tables Table 1 Relation between sound exposure level and sound exposure for a constant sound level of 60 dB. . 8 Table 2 Adjustment factors and level adjustments for assessment of all types of
31、environmental sounds 11 Table F.1 Annual-average adjusted A-weighted day-night sound levels and corresponding total adjusted day-night sound exposures and percentages of a population highly annoyed . 28 Table G.1 Complaint Risk Criteria 30 Table H.1 Coefficients for calculation loudness level from b
32、and sound pressure level. The table also includes the house filter characteristics shown in Figure H.2. . 34 Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoustical Society of Americ
33、a 2005 All rights reserved iiiForeword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S12.9 - 2005/Part 4 American National Standard Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound - Part 4: Noise Assessment and Predic
34、tion of Long-Term Community Response. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12 Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by
35、 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control; including biological safety, tolerance, and com
36、fort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is a revision of ANSI S12.9-1996/Part 4, which has been technically revised. The changes in this edition harmonize with the new material added to ISO 1996-1:2003. This includes a minor change to high-energ
37、y impulse noise assessment (less than 1 dB) so that it is totally in sync with ISO. Second, as appropriate, ISO assessment adjustments have been included. Also, some new cautionary notes from ISO are added to the estimation of “highly annoyed“ as notes to the informative annex. A new Annex G address
38、es complaints in the limited situation of high-energy impulsive noise. The current edition of ISO 1996-1:2003 actually began as the text of ANSI S12.9 - 1996/Part 4. However, the ISO standard was substantially revised during the WG and committee deliberations. For example, ISO recognizes the more ge
39、neral Day-Evening-Night Sound Level in contrast to S12s Day-Night Sound Level. Nighttime hours are not given in ISO because they vary from country to country. The terms “background“ sound and “ambient“ sound are NOT used in ISO because they have diametrically opposed meanings in different countries
40、and regions. There are many other differences of this nature. ISO uses “rating“ sound level; ANSI uses “adjusted“ sound level, etc. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise for approval, the membership was as follows: R.D. Hellweg, Chair R.D. Godfrey, Vice
41、-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of AmericaB.M. Brooks P.D. Schomer (Alt.) Aearo Company.E.H. Berger Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration InstituteR. Seel . D. Brown (Alt.) Alcoa Inc. .W.D. Gallagher Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not fo
42、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoustical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved iv American Industrial Hygiene Association. D. Driscoll J. Banach (Alt.) American Speech-Hearing-Language Association .L.A. Wilber . V. Gladstone (Alt.) American Socie
43、ty of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning R.J. Peppin E. Rosenberg (Alt.) Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org Copyright Acoustical Society of America Provided by IHS under license with ASA Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- Acoust
44、ical Society of America 2005 All rights reserved vi Introduction 0.1 Part 1 of ANSI S12.9 defines day-night average sound level and other descriptors of community noise. Part 2 of ANSI S12.9 describes measurement procedures. ANSI S12.9/Part 5 provides a recommended relation between long-term usages
45、of land and day-night average sound level for purposes of long-term land-use planning. Since the early 1970s, many agencies within the United States of America have used day-night average sound level as the fundamental descriptor to predict the community response to environmental sounds. 0.2 The 197
46、8 seminal paper by T.J. Schultz demonstrated the efficacy of day-night average sound level for predicting the annoyance response of a community as a result of noise from highway traffic, railroad, aircraft, and some industrial sites. Implementation of the concept of day-night average sound level for
47、 prediction of community response often combined the sound exposures from such sources. 0.3 Day-night average sound level has been used to predict the annoyance response of communities to types of noises that were not included in the Schultz database for the relation between the percentage of a popu
48、lation expressing high annoyance and the corresponding day-night average sound level. These additional types of noises include sounds with special characteristics, such as impulsiveness, dominant pure tones, rapid onset, and strong low-frequency content. 0.4 Technical reports and articles published
49、in refereed engineering and scientific journals demonstrated that the community response to these sounds may be predicted, provided suitable adjustments are applied. A practical procedure to apply these adjustments is provided by this Standard. 0.5 For situations where activity interference is the major concern, use
