1、ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 Revision of ESD STM9.1-2006 For the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Footwear Resistive Characterization (excluding foot grounders) Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 An American National Standard Approved November
2、24, 2014 ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items - Footwear Resistive Characterization (excluding foot grounders) Approved September 2, 2012 EOS/ESD Association, Inc. ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 Electrostatic Discharge Associ
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12、LOSS OF DATA, INCOME OR PROFIT, LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY AND CLAIMS OF THIRD PARTIES. Published by: Electrostatic Discharge Association 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3 Rome, NY 13440 Copyright 2014 by ESD Association All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an
13、electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58537-270-6 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES DISCLAIMER OF GUARANTY LIMITATION ON ESDAs LIABILITY CAUTION NOTICE ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 i (This foreword is not part
14、of ESD Association standard test method ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014) FOREWORD This standard test method1 is intended to provide a test method for evaluating the resistance of static control footwear. This standard test method does not include foot grounders (i.e., heel straps, toe grounders, sole grounders
15、, and booties). This standard test method is limited to defining procedures for measuring the electrical resistance of footwear only and does not address electrical resistance through a person in combination with floor materials. For this test method see ANSI/ESD STM97.1. For voltage generation in c
16、ombination with a person see ANSI/ESD STM97.2. A common source of electrostatic charge in a work environment is the separation of the foot from the floor when walking, resulting in the generation of electrostatic charge that can accumulate on personnel. The effect of this generation and accumulation
17、 can be minimized by the appropriate selection of footwear. To effectively control electrostatic charges, footwear must be used in conjunction with ESD floors or floor materials as defined in ANSI/ESD S7.1. Static control footwear may also pose an electrical hazard unless properly designed and worn
18、in appropriate environments. The test method described in this document will not guarantee electrical hazard reduction. This standard test method was originally designated ESD S9.1-1995 and approved on June 5, 1995. ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2001 was a reaffirmation, re-designation of ESD S9.1-1995 and was ap
19、proved on February 4, 2001. ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2006 was a reaffirmation of ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2001 and was approved on June 11, 2006. ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 is a revision of ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2006 and was approved on September 2, 2012. At the time ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 was prepared, the 9.0 Footwear Subcommitt
20、ee had the following members: Dale Parkin, Chair Seagate Technology Kevin Duncan Seagate Technology Reinhold Gaertner Infineon Technologies Steven Gerken United States Air Force Craig Zander Transforming Technologies The following individuals contributed to the development of ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014: B
21、rent Beamer Mark Fancourt Lehigh Safety Shoe Co. Meghan Hodge 3M Huan Li JDSU Gregory Manning NASA/ARES Technical Services Daniel OBrien United States Air Force Francisco Rodriguez 3M Gheorghe Rugila Lexmark, Inc. 1 ESD Association Standard Test Method (STM): A definitive procedure for the identific
22、ation, measurement and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties of a material, product, system, or process that yield a reproducible test results. ESD WIP9.1-2012 ii At the time ESD S9.1-1995 was prepared, the 9.0 Footwear Subcommittee had the following members: Lt. Victor
23、ia L. Ambuehl, Chair USAF Ben Baumgartner Lockheed Larry Burich Lockheed Ken Dille Red Wing Shoe Co. Peter Freeman Hewlett Packard Steve Gerken USAF Ron Gibson Celestica David Howlett HY-Test Paul Isenberg H.H. Brown Shoe Co. Erling Krog-Jensen Ericsson Telecom AB Alan Peters Lehigh Safety Shoe Co.
24、Don Stella Iron Age Anna Maria Steritti Wayne Tan Advanced Micro Devices Sheryl Zayic Boeing The following individuals contributed significantly to the development of ESD S9.1-1995: Sharon Kaminskas ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 PURPOSE . 1 2.0 SCOPE 1 2.1 APPLICATION . 1 3.0 REFERE
25、NCED PUBLICATIONS 1 4.0 DEFINITIONS 1 5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY . 1 6.0 TEST METHODS 2 6.1 REQUIRED TEST EQUIPMENT . 2 6.1.1 Resistance Measuring Apparatus (Meter) . 2 6.1.2 Electrodes 2 6.1.3 Weight 2 6.1.4 Calibration Requirements 2 6.2 TEST METHOD FOR FOOTWEAR . 3 6.2.1 Specimen Pre-Conditioning . 3 6
26、.2.2 Test Configuration . 3 6.2.3 Resistance Measurement Procedure (Low Humidity) . 3 6.2.4 Resistance Measurement Procedure (Moderate Humidity) . 3 6.2.5 Reporting of Test Results 4 6.3 TEST METHOD FOR FOOTWEAR SYSTEM 4 6.3.1 Specimen Pre-Conditioning . 4 6.3.2 Test Configuration . 4 6.3.3 Resistan
27、ce Measurement Procedure 4 6.3.4 Reporting of Test Results 5 7.0 COMPLIANCE VERIFICATION . 5 FIGURES Figure 1: Test Setup 6 Figure 2: Footwear System Test . 7 TABLES Table 1: Example Test Result Form 8 ANNEXES Annex A (Informative) - Fabrication of Shot Bag 9 Annex B (Informative) - Footwear Usage G
28、uidance . 10 Annex C (Informative) - Parallel Ground Paths 11 Annex D (Informative) - ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 Revision History 12ESD Association Standard Test Method ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 1 ESD Association Standard Test Method for the Protection of Electrostatic Discharge Susceptible Items Footwear Resi
29、stive Characterization 1.0 PURPOSE This standard test method provides a test method to measure the electrical resistance of static control footwear and footwear systems with a person. 2.0 SCOPE This standard test method relies on electrical resistance measurements utilizing common electrical instrum
30、ents to provide a means of evaluating footwear. This standard excludes foot grounders (i.e., heel straps, toe grounders, sole grounders, and booties). 2.1 Application This standard test method is to be used in the product qualification of static control footwear. 3.0 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS ESD ADV
31、1.0, ESD Association Glossary of Terms2 ANSI/ESD S7.1, Floor Materials Characterization of Materials2 ANSI/ESD STM97.1, Floor Materials and Footwear Resistance Measurement in Combination with a Person2 ANSI/ESD S20.20, For the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection
32、of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)2 4.0 DEFINITIONS The terms used in the body of this document are in accordance with the definitions found in ESD ADV1.0, ESD Associations Glossary of Terms available for complimentary do
33、wnload at www.esda.org. Static Control Footwear (Shoes). A covering for the human foot that has properties to control the generation and dissipation of static charge when used in conjunction with a static control floor, floor finish, or floor mat. 5.0 PERSONNEL SAFETY 5.1 The procedures and equipmen
34、t described in this document may expose personnel to hazardous electrical conditions. Users of this document are responsible for selecting equipment that complies with applicable laws, regulatory codes and both external and internal policy. Users are cautioned that this document cannot replace or su
35、persede any requirements for personnel safety. Ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) and other safety protection should be considered wherever personnel might come into contact with electrical sources. Electrical hazard reduction practices should be exercised and proper grounding instructions for
36、 equipment shall be followed. The resistance measurements obtained through the use of this test method shall not be used to determine the relative safety of personnel exposed to high AC or DC voltages. 2 ESD Association, 7900 Turin Road, Bldg. 3, Rome, NY 13440-2069, 315-339-6937 ANSI/ESD STM9.1-201
37、4 2 5.2 The resistance values obtained using the test method described in this document are not to be used to define the relative electrical hazard reduction afforded by footwear. 6.0 TEST METHODS This section describes the test method for measuring the electrical resistance between the inner and ou
38、ter sole of footwear prior to wearing. 6.1 Required Test Equipment 6.1.1 Resistance Measuring Apparatus (Meter) The measurement apparatus, called the meter, whether it is a single meter or a collection of instruments that are capable of the following: The meter shall have circuit voltage of 100 volt
39、s ( 5%) while under load for measurements of 1.0 x 106 ohms and above, and 10 volts ( 5%) while under load for measurements less than 1.0 x 106 ohms. The meter shall be capable of making measurements from 1.0 x 103 ohms to 1.0 x 1010 ohms. 6.1.2 Electrodes 6.1.2.1 The positive electrode shall consis
40、t of a piece of aluminum foil. It shall uniformly contact the maximum amount of the surface area achievable on the inner sole of the footwear under test. The aluminum foil shall be replaced for each new test cycle or when torn. 6.1.2.2 The negative electrode shall consist of a stainless steel plate
41、larger than the bottom of the footwear. 6.1.2.3 Hand-Held Electrode A stainless steel, brass or copper round or tubular stock, approximately 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter x 7.5 cm (3 inches) or greater in length, with a banana plug receptacle or screw connector attached to one end of the cylinder. 6.1
42、.2.4 Foot Electrode A conductive metal plate, 305 mm square (12 inches). All dimensions are nominal. 6.1.2.5 Insulative Support Surface A base plate that is larger than the foot electrode. A surface when used for specimen support shall have a surface resistivity greater than 1.0 x 1013 ohms/square w
43、hen measured per ASTM D257 or a surface resistance greater than 1.0 x 1012 ohms when measured per ANSI/ESD STM11.11. 6.1.3 Weight Bag(s) or socks sufficiently flexible so that when filled with 11.35 kg (25 lbs) of metal shot (# 6 or finer) it shall conform to inside of the footwear. See Annex A. 6.1
44、.4 Calibration Requirements The test equipment used shall be calibrated periodically in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations, with a maximum of one year between calibrations. Calibration shall be traceable to national standards, such as NIST in the United States, or to international sta
45、ndards. ANSI/ESD STM9.1-2014 3 6.2 Test Method for Footwear 6.2.1 Specimen Pre-Conditioning 6.2.1.1 Cleaning The bottom and inner sole of the specimen shall be wiped with a dry cloth to remove dust. The negative electrode shall be cleaned with a minimum 70% isopropanol-water solution. 6.2.1.2 Humidi
46、ty Conditioning Test shall be conducted at humidities specified below. 6.2.1.2.1 Low Humidity A low humidity environment shall be an environment of 12 3% relative humidity and 23 3oC. Pre-conditioning of the samples after cleaning shall be a period of at least 72 hours. 6.2.1.2.2 Moderate Humidity A
47、 moderate humidity environment shall be an environment of 50 5% relative humidity and 23 3o C. Pre-conditioning of the samples after cleaning shall be a period of at least 72 hours. 6.2.2 Test Configuration The negative electrode shall be placed on the insulative surface described in Section 6.1.2 a
48、nd electrically connected to the negative sensing lead of the meter. The aluminum foil (see Section 6.1.2) shall be inserted into the footwear ensuring that uniform contact with the maximum area of the inner sole is achieved. Fill the footwear with the flexible bag(s) or sock of shot (see Section 6.
49、1.3), ensuring that the shot conforms to the footwear. Since footwear styles and sizes vary it will be necessary to place the excess shot over the top of the footwear. The footwear shall be placed on the negative electrode such that no part of the footwear overhangs the edge. No part of the shot bag(s) or sock shall touch the negative electrode. Connect the positive source lead of the meter to the aluminum foil (Figure 1). Resistance testing shall be conducted in the environmental chamber. 6.2.3 Resistance Measurement Procedure (Low Humidity) 6.2.3.1 Clean all
