1、 TIA-455-183 July 2000FOTP-183 Hydrogen Effects on Optical Fiber Cable ANSI/TIA-455-183-2000 APPROVED: JULY 20, 2000 REAFFIRMED: MAY 10, 2005 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 2, 2013 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings b
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19、E CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-455-183iFOTP-183Hydrogen Effects on Optical Fiber CableContentsForeword iii1 Introduction 12 Normative references 23 Apparatus 24 Sampling and specimens 35 Procedure 36 Calculations or interpretation of results 57 Documentation 5
20、8 Specification information 6Annex A (informative) 7Annex B (informative) 9Annex C (informative) 11TIA-455-183iiThis page left blank.TIA-455-183iiiFOTP-183Hydrogen Effects on Optical Fiber CableForeword(This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard.)From TIA Project No. 2257, fo
21、rmulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.7,Subcommittee on Optical Fiber Cable. (Task Group 6.7.14 - Hydrogen Effects onCable Task Group)This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard TIA/EIA-455.There are 3 annexes, both of them informative.Key words: fiber
22、optic cable, submarine cable, cable material degradation.TIA-455-183ivThis page left blank.TIA-455-18311 Introduction1.1 IntentThis test provides a measure of hydrogen induced attenuation increases in opticalfiber cables. Recommendations for testing typical cable types, intended forinstallation in s
23、pecific environments, are given in Annex A.1.2 ScopeThe test procedure is intended to provide a type test which characterizes the effecton fiber attenuation due to hydrogen generated by the cable components only. Thedata must be used cautiously since such data does not account for potentialgeneratio
24、n of hydrogen from other sources in the installed environment.1.3 BackgroundThe magnitude of induced attenuation due to hydrogen infusion into optical fiber isdependent on the fiber type, dopants used in the fiber, the fiber manufacturingprocess, and the materials used in the cable.Sources of hydrog
25、en that affect the fiber include corrosion of cable metalliccomponents, breakdown of materials in the cable, and anaerobic hydrogen-producing bacteria in the installed environment. It is well established that the mostlikely hydrogen sources are corrosion of the armoring and hydrogen-producingbacteri
26、a. This test does not address the effect of hydrogen generated from sourcesexterior to the cable, for example bacteria living in the installed environment.The level of signal attenuation is a function of the partial pressure of hydrogen insidethe cable. Hydrogen can chemically react with dopants in
27、the fiber to produceirreversible absorption peaks. Molecular hydrogen may create a reversibleattenuation increase in optical fibers, which is known as the interstitial hydrogeneffect. As hydrogen diffuses into the fiber, it will create absorption peaks, the mostpredominant occurring at 1240 nm and 1
28、383 nm. These absorption peaks mayalso increase the attenuation in the 1310 and 1550 windows.TIA-455-18322 Normative referencesTest or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the followingreferences:EIA/TIA-455-B Standard test procedures for fiber optic fibers, cables, transduce
29、rs, sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and others fiber optic components, October 1998FOTP-20 (TIA/EIA-455-20A) Measurement of Change in OpticalTransmittance, July 1996FOTP-77 (TIA/EIA-455-77) Procedures to Qualify a Higher-Order ModeFilter for Measurements on Single-Mode Fiber,October 199
30、1ASTM D 1141 Standard Specification for Substitute OceanWater E1-19993 Apparatus3.1 Optical test equipmentUnless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, use any of the measuringequipment in FOTP-20 that is capable of measuring group 2 change intransmittance at the wavelengths of 1240 2 nm a
31、nd 1383 2 nm and wavelengthsspecified in the Detail Specification. The repeatability of the measurement systemshall be less than 0.05 dB/km. This maximum repeatability value is included in theattenuation values listed in this FOTP.3.2 Method 1 (water tank)Use a water tank of a size that is sufficien
32、t to completely immerse the test sample.Fabricate the tank and associated fixturing inside the tank from materials that areresistant to corrosion and that do not evolve hydrogen. Use oceanic water inaccordance with ASTM D 11411 as the test solution.1A common product which meets the requirements of A
33、STM D 1141 is Instant Ocean, which is aproduct of Aquarium Systems, Mentor, OHTIA-455-1833Provide a submersible heating element or an external heating method capable ofmaintaining the sea water solution at the recommended test temperature of 60C 2C (140F 4F). Proper grounding procedures must be foll
34、owed in installing theheating elements to avoid induced currents in the specimen. If unable to comply withthe recommended test method, it is permissible to use an environmental chambercapable of housing and heating the tank and solution to the required temperature.Furnish a method of circulating the
35、 sea water in the tank to maintain a homogenousmixture of the test solution. Terminate the cable ends securely outside the tank orchamber.3.3 Method 2 (environmental chamber)Use an environmental chamber that is capable of maintaining the sample at therecommended test temperature of 60C 2C (140F 4F)
36、with uncontrolledhumidity. The test chamber volume must accommodate the test cable and reel.Locate the test sample in the chamber so that the radiant heat will not fall directly onthe specimen. Ports in the chamber must permit the cable ends to extend throughfor testing.4 Sampling and specimens4.1 U
37、nless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, randomly select samplesfrom production lots of finished cables. A sample is normally taken from an outsideend of the reel and then cut to the required length. In some cases, it may beadvantageous to test the end of a cable shipping length withou
38、t actually cutting offthe specimen. To facilitate handling of cables with a hermetic barrier, when beingtested using Test Method 2 only, the specimen sheath components outside thehermetic barrier may be removed. The cable specimen test length shall bespecified by the Detail Specification, but shall
39、not be less than 50 meters.4.2 The specimen should be of sufficient length to measure the spectral attenuationchange of the fibers under test. A minimum fiber test length of 1000 meters isrecommended to produce the desired measurement sensitivity. The minimum fibertest length may be achieved by conc
40、atenating test fibers within the test cable.5 ProcedureAll test conditions are applicable to both test methods with exceptions noted below.5.1 Initial test setup.TIA-455-1834Method 1Position the test specimen in the water tank without violating the minimum cablebend diameter and fill the tank with w
41、ater. Completely immerse the specimen withthe cable ends extending outside the tank. Ensure that the ends are long enough tofacilitate optical testing. Do not add salt crystals until the baseline spectralattenuation measurement is taken as required in Section 5.3.Method 2.Without breaching the minim
42、um cable bend diameter, wind the specimen on a reelor platform and place it in the chamber.5.2 Preconditioning. Elevate the temperature of the water or the environmentalchamber to the recommended test temperature of 60C 2C (140F 4F) or asspecified in the Detail Specification. If the specimen length
43、is 50 meters,precondition for 4 hours. Longer cable lengths should be preconditioned forappropriate time periods up to 24 hours.5.3 Baseline attenuation measurements. Unless otherwise specified in theDetail Specification, after preconditioning establish baseline attenuation values at1240 nm and 1383
44、 nm for each test fiber. Spectral attenuation measurements maybe useful for eliminating the potential for optical test-bench drift by measuringabosorption peaks at 1240 nm and 1383 nm (see Annex B), and may beinformative in predicting the potential impact on the operational window of thesystem due t
45、o hydrogen effects and in establishing predictor models for specificfiber designs.If higher order mode filtering is required, employ an appropriate method per FOTP-77 or similar.If using Test Method 1, discharge the salt crystals (Instant Oceancurrency1 or similar) intothe water tank after completin
46、g the baseline measurement.5.4 Periodic attenuation measurements. Unless otherwise specified in theDetail Specification, 24 hours after establishing the baseline measurements at1240 nm and 1383 nm, take measurements at these wavelengths. Continue to takethese measurements at 24 hour intervals until
47、the attenuation has stabilized to within 0.15 dB/km of the previous days measurement.It should be noted that attenuation changes in dB/km apply to the length of fibersubjected to the test conditions. All attenuation values reported should benormalized for the effective fiber length under test.After
48、attenuation has stabilized or decreased, continue the test for an additional 7days. At this time, measure the attenuation at 1240 nm and 1383 nm. If theattenuation on the effective fiber length tested has not changed by more than 0.15dB/km, record the attenuation value and terminate the test. If the
49、 attenuation hasTIA-455-1835increased more than 0.15 dB/km after 7 days, continue testing and reinstateattenuation measurements as described above.If attenuation stability is not achieved within 30 days or if the test fibers areattenuated more than 10 dB/km, terminate the test. If a baseline spectral attenuationcurve was generated, make final spectral measurements.5.5 End of test Inspect the cable as required by the Detail Specification.6 Calculations or interpretation of resultsDetermine the maximum attenuation increase at 1240 nm and 1383 nm. To isolate
