1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) Thin-Film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules Design Qualication and Type ApprovalUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WIT
2、HOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Thin-Film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules Design Qualication and Type Approval, UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) First Edition, Dated January 25
3、, 2012 Summary of Topics Adoption of IEC 61646, Thin-Film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (PV) Modules Design Qualication and Type Approval (second edition issued May 2008) as a new IEC-based UL standard, UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008), with no National Differences. The new requirements are substantially in acc
4、ordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated July 1, 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL prov
5、ides this Standard as is without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or tness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss
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7、this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of ULs Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorneys fees) resulting from any error o
8、r deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchasers computer system. The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, gures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in t
9、he preface. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS notice. JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) tr1UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION
10、 OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL January 25, 2012 1 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) Thin-Film Terrestrial Photovoltaic (P
11、V) Modules Design Qualication and Type Approval First Edition January 25, 2012 This ANSI/UL Standard for Safety consists of the First Edition dated January 25, 2012. The most recent designation of ANSI/UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) as an American National Standard (ANSI) occurred on January 25, 2012. AN
12、SI approval for a standard does not include the Cover Page, Transmittal Pages, Title Page, Preface, or effective date information. The National Difference Page and IEC Foreword are also excluded from the ANSI approval of IEC-based standards. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Sta
13、ndard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way.
14、 All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2012 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. ANSI/UL 61646-2012UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMI
15、SSION FROM UL JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) 2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS PREFACE 4 FOREWORD 5 1 Scope and object .8 2 Normative references 8 3 Sampling .9 4 Marking 9 5 Testing .
16、10 6 Pass criteria .10 7 Major visual defects 11 8 Report 11 9 Modications 12 10 Test procedures 15 10.1 Visual inspection .15 10.2 Maximum power determination .16 10.3 Insulation test 17 10.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients 18 10.5 Measurement of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) 21
17、 10.6 Performance at STC and NOCT .26 10.7 Performance at low irradiance .27 10.8 Outdoor exposure test 27 10.9 Hot-spot endurance test .28 10.10 UV preconditioning test 33 10.11 Thermal cycling test .34 10.12 Humidity-freeze test .36 10.13 Damp heat test .38 10.14 Robustness of terminations test .3
18、9 10.15 Wet leakage current test .41 10.16 Mechanical load test .42 10.17 Hail test 43 10.18 Bypass diode thermal test 47 10.19 Light-soaking .50 Bibliography JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSIO
19、N FROM UL PREFACE This UL Standard is based on IEC Publication 61646: second edition, Thin-lm terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualication and type approval. IEC publication 61646 is copyrighted by the IEC. This is the UL Standard for Thin-lm terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design
20、qualication and type approval. The text, gures and tables of IEC Publication Thin-lm terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules Design qualication and type approval, IEC 61646, copyright May 2008 are used in this Standard with the consent of the IEC and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). T
21、he IEC copyrighted material has been reproduced with permission from ANSI. ANSI should be contacted regarding the reproduction of any portion of the IEC material. The IEC Foreword and Introduction are not a part of the requirements of this Standard but are included for information purposes only. Cop
22、ies of IEC Publication 61646 may be purchased from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York, 10036, (212) 642-4900. Note Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users of the Standard to
23、judge its suitability for their particular purpose. These materials are subject to copyright claims of IEC and UL. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of UL. All requests pertaining to the UL 61646
24、(IEC 61646:2008) standard should be submitted to UL. UL Effective Date The effective date for UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008), First edition, is January 25, 2012. A UL effective date is one established by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and is not part of the ANSI approved standard. JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 616
25、46 (IEC 61646:2008) 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION THIN-FILM TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechni
26、cal Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic elds. To this en
27、d and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committe
28、e interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and nongovernmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accorda
29、nce with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all inter
30、ested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsi
31、ble for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence b
32、etween any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All
33、users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
34、other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publicatio
35、n. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa
36、tent rights. International Standard IEC 61646 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. This second edition cancels and replaces the rst edition published in 1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following signicant t
37、echnical changes with respect to the previous edition: JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL The major change is in the pass/fail criteria. It no longer relies on meeting a plus/minus cri
38、terion before and after each test, but rather on meeting the rated power after all of the tests have been completed and the modules have been light-soaked. This was done to eliminate the technology-specic preconditioning necessary to accurately measure the changes caused by the test. (Some modules l
39、ose power in light while others lose power during dark heat.) Since all modules must work after exposure to light, this seemed liked a good approach and will streamline the test procedure, hopefully reducing the testing cost. Updated Normative references. Added a denition of “minimum value of maximu
40、m output power”. Modied the wording in Major visual defects to allow some bending and misalignment without failure. Added requirements to the report from ISO/IEC 17025. Removed the “Twist Test” as was done from IEC 61215, since no one has ever failed this test. Made the pass/fail criteria for insula
41、tion resistance and wet leakage current dependent on the module area. Added the temperature coefficient of power (d ) to the required measurements. Modied temperature coefficient section to allow for measurements under natural sunlight or a solar simulator. Deleted reference plate method from NOCT.
42、Added apparatus sections to those test procedures that did not have apparatus sections in edition 1. Rewrote the hot-spot test. Eliminated edge dip method from wet leakage current test. Changed mechanical load test to 3 cycles to be consistent with other standards. Added bypass diode thermal test. T
43、he text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 82/512/FDIS 82/528/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/
44、IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under http:/webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specic publication. At this date, the publication will be reconrmed, JA
45、NUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. JANUARY 25, 2012 UL 61646 (IEC 61646:2008) 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER RE
46、PRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL THIN-FILM TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL 1 Scope and object This International Standard lays down requirements for the design qualication and type approval of terrestrial, thin-lm photovoltaic modules
47、 suitable for long-term operation in general open-air climates as dened in IEC 60721-2-1. This standard is intended to apply to all terrestrial at plate module materials not covered by IEC 61215. The test sequence is derived from IEC 61215 for the design qualication and type approval of terrestrial
48、crystalline silicon PV modules. However, it no longer relies on meeting a plus/minus criterion before and after each test, but rather on meeting a specied percentage of the rated minimum power after all of the tests have been completed and the modules have been light-soaked. This eliminates the tech
49、nology-specic preconditioning necessary to accurately measure the changes caused by the test. This standard does not apply to modules used with concentrators. The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical and thermal characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure in climates described in the scope. The actua
