1、 American National StandardANSI Z245.1 - 2017 for Equipment Technology and Operations for Wastes and Recyclable Materials - Mobile Wastes and Recyclable Materials Collection, Transportation, and Compaction Equipment Safety Requirements NATIONAL WASTE their existence does not in any respect preclude
2、anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. ANSI does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreove
3、r, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the ANSI. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American Nati
4、onal Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by c
5、alling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, New York, New York, 10036, Phone: 212-642-4900, Fax: 212-398-0023.ANSI.Published by National Waste and Recycling Association 1550 Crystal Drive, Suite 804 Arlington, Virginia 22202 Copyright 2017 by National Waste and Re
6、cycling Association All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017i Contents Forew
7、ord (This foreword is not part of American National Standard Z245.1) .iii 0 Introduction. 1 1 Scope. 2 2 Normative references . 3 3 Definitions . 4 4 Manufacture, mounting, installation, reconstruction, and modification20 5 Instructions for operation and maintenance22 6 Operational requirements empl
8、oyer responsibilities.24 7 Operational requirements employee responsibilities 28 8 Safety signs for mobile equipment.34 9 General mobile equipment safeguards and features 46 10 Specific mobile equipment safeguards and features55 11 Vehicle conspicuity .59 12 Minimum requirements for a dual drive pos
9、ition.66 13 Safety program and employee training 68 Annex A (Informative).70 Annex B (Informative).71 Annex C (Informative).72 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017iiTable of Figures Figure 1 Front Loading Compaction Equipment 11 Figure 2 Hoist-type equipment 11 Figure 3 Mechanized side-loader
10、.12 Figure 4 Recycling collection vehicles .12 Figure 5 Rear-loading compacting equipment .13 Figure 6 Hydraulic cart lifter 13 Figure 7a Winch System 14 Figure 7b Hydraulic (reeving) system .14 Figure 7c Container operation of rear-loading compacting equipment15 Figure 7d Hydraulic dumping system .
11、15 Figure 7e Rear-loader container latchup mechanism16 Figure 8 Side-loading compaction equipment16 Figure 9 Automated side-loader 17 Figure 10 Tilt-frame equipment .18 Figure 11 Refuse transfer trailer19 Figure 12 Grapple loader and grapple truck.19 Figure 13 Mobile compactor rear-riding step confi
12、guration50 Figure 14 Static Vertical Load52 Figure 15 Toe Clearance 53 Figure 16 Horizontal Step-Across Distance53 Figure 17 Handhold Designs .54 Figure 18 Front-loader conspicuity markings 60 Figure 19 Side-loader (rectangular) conspicuity markings .61 Figure 20 Side-loader (cylindrical) conspicuit
13、y markings .62 Figure 21 Rear-loader conspicuity markings63 Figure 22 Roll-off (hoist-type) vehicle markings 64 Figure 23 Hoist-type (“lugger”) conspicuity markings 65 Figure 24 Grapple loader truck conspicuity markings.65 Figure B1 Front-loader Hopper and Fork Compatibility Dimensions 71 AMERICAN N
14、ATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017 Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard Z245.1)This revised American National Standard (ANS) applies to the construction, reconstruction, modification, care, maintenance, operation, and use of mobile waste or recyclable materials collecting
15、, transportation and compacting equipment. This standard identifies requirements for refuse collecting and compacting equipment mounted on refuse truck chassis: rear-loading, front-loading, and side-loading compacting equipment; roll-off and hoist-type equipment; grapple vehicles; satellite vehicles
16、; waste transfer trailers; recycling collection vehicles; and mobile equipment with container and cart lifting equipment. This standard does not apply to the truck chassis/cab upon which the waste or recyclable materials collecting and compacting equipment is mounted except for certain provisions as
17、 stated in Section 10.1.1 and Section 12. The first and second revisions of this standard (ANSI Z245.1-1975 and ANSI Z245.1-1984) addressed mobile collecting and compacting equipment and stationary compacting equipment. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth (including the provisional amendment), and curre
18、nt revision (ANSI Z245.1-1992, ANSI Z245.1 1999, ANSI Z245.1 2008, ANSI Z245.1-2012, ANSI Z245. 1-2012 (PA) contain requirements for mobile collecting and mobile compacting equipment only. Requirements for newly manufactured and remanufactured stationary compactors are contained in American National
19、 Standard for - Stationary Compactors - Safety Requirements, ANSI Z245.2-1992 and later revisions, and pertain to stationary compactors manufactured after the effective date of that standard. Stationary compactors manufactured before that date are still covered by ANSI Z245.1-1975 and ANSI Z245.1-19
20、84. This standard revises ANSI Z245.1-2012. Provisions of ANSI/NWb) mobile tilt-frame and hoist-type equipment commonly used to pick up, transport,unload, and set down open top or enclosed waste or recyclable materialscontainers;c) vehicles used to receive, separate, densify, transport, and unload r
21、ecyclablewastes;d) grapple loaders that pick up, load and transport bulky un-containerized specialwaste like wood waste or white goods;e) trailers used to transfer waste from one waste processing or disposal facility toanother;f) satellite vehicles commonly used to receive and transport waste or rec
22、yclablematerials for unloading into other mobile waste or recyclable materials collectingequipment; andg) container and cart lifting devices used to lift, dump, and return containers.Page 2AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions,
23、which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. The most recent editions of the standards are applicable. ANSI A14.3, Ladders-Fixed-Safety Requirements ANSI Z535.1, Safety Colors ANSI Z245.30, Waste Containers Safety Requirements ANSI Z245.60, Waste Containers Compatib
24、ility Dimensions ANSI/ISEA 107, High Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear ASTM D4956, Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control SAE J994, Performance, Test and Application Criteria for Electrically Operated Alarm Backup Devices Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (C
25、FR), Part 1910.23, Guarding floor and wall openings and holes Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 1910.147, The control of hazardous energy Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Chapter III, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),
26、 Chapter V, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Page 3AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017 3 Definitions The definitions below apply to terms used throughout this standard, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 3.1 access door: A panel covering an opening located on the b
27、ody of mobile equipment that is provided to permit access such that the entire persons body is inside of the vehicle body for the purpose of service or maintenance. 3.2 automated side-loader: Side-loader equipped with an arm or similar lifting device eliminating the need for manual handling of conta
28、iners and carts. The automated side-loaders area of operation is the area covered by all the functions of the lifting device or arm during all phases of operation. For purposes of this standard and the safety requirements detailed, it is envisioned that this type of refuse collection vehicle is a si
29、ngle person operation. (See Figure 9) 3.3 body: The integral part of mobile equipment which is used to carry wastes or recyclable materials. Containers which are lifted and carried by roll-off hoist and similar designs are not considered bodies. 3.4 cab guard: A shield over the truck cab of a front-
30、loader used to prevent debris from falling on cab and between cab and body. 3.5 cart (two-wheeled plastic refuse container): A receptacle intended to temporarily hold solid wastes. The receptacle is made of plastic and has two wheels for ease of movement. Volumetric capacity ranges from 20 to 120 ga
31、llons (75 to 450 liters). Plastic refuse receptacles of greater capacity are considered containers for the purpose of this standard. 3.6 cart lifter: A container lifting device used to lift and dump carts. The cart lifter is used in rear-loader, side-loader and front-loader with carry-can waste coll
32、ection applications. (See Figure 6) NOTE: Term not intended to refer to automated side-loader lifting devices. 3.7 carry-can: A container continuously carried on the forks of a front-loader during servicing of residential routes. 3.8 collecting vehicle: A motor vehicle upon which equipment is attach
33、ed for loading, transporting, and unloading of waste or recyclable material, or for the receiving, transporting, and unloading of containers. 3.9 collection: The phase of operation of a collection and transportation vehicle during which active loading of materials occurs, including travel between ma
34、terial loading points, and at vehicle speeds less than 20 mph (32 kph). 3.10 compliance statement: A statement attesting to the fact that a person who designs, manufactures or installs equipment, did so in accordance with applicable provisions of this standard. 3.11 container: A receptacle (also ref
35、erred to as a bin) that receives and holds waste or recyclable materials for lifting, tipping, unloading, or transportation by mechanical Page 4AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017 means. Containers are specially designed for use with certain types of equipment which include, but are not limi
36、ted to, the examples detailed hereinafter: Containers used with rear-loading compacting equipment may incorporate features that differ from containers used with front-loading or side-loading compacting equipment. Containers used in conjunction with tilt-frame and hoist-type equipment are designed to
37、 be picked up, transported, unloaded, and set off by that equipment. These containers receive, store, and transport waste or recyclable materials and are hoisted onto the tilt-frame or hoist-type equipment (commonly referred to as roll-offs, luggers, and hook-lifts). 3.12 container hold down devices
38、: Devices on a tilt-frame that mate with locks on the container used for securing the container to the tilt-frame during transport. 3.13 container lifting devices: The cables, chains, winches, mechanical bails, lifting devices, arms, hydraulic actuators, and fasteners used to lift containers for unl
39、oading wastes or recyclable materials into the loading hopper or charging chamber or to pull containers onto the mobile tilt-frame and hoist-type equipment, and pick up, load, and/or set off the container or wastes or recyclable materials, or both. 3.14 continuing function: A mechanism continuously
40、moving after the operation is initiated, without further sustained manual control input. 3.15 contract laborer: An employee of a person or company that provides labor (work) for a specified fee to a fleet operator. A contract laborer may be used to supplement the employers regular workforce and usua
41、lly performs the same or similar work as regular full-time employees. 3.16 contractor: A person (or company) who contracts to supply certain materials or provide a specific service (work) for a stipulated fee and/or a specified period, such as truck maintenance services. The work or service provided
42、 may be outside the scope of materials supplied or services provided by the employers or operators workforce. 3.17 control of hazardous energy sources (lockout/tagout): A program which utilizes procedures for affixing appropriate lockout or tagout devices to energy isolating devices, and to otherwis
43、e disable machines or equipment to prevent unexpected energizing, start-up, or release of stored energy in order to prevent injury to employees. 3.18 cycle: The movement of a mechanism to perform one complete operation having a definite beginning and end. The beginning and the end of this operation
44、are the same location. 3.19 driver: A person who controls movement of the vehicle on public roads or highways. 3.20 dual drive: dual drive: a truck cab configuration that includes both a primary drive position and a secondary drive position. 3.21 ejector panel: The movable panel used for ejecting th
45、e compacted wastes or recyclable materials from the body. For front-loaders and some side-loaders, the ejector panel is also the packing panel. Page 5AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI Z245.1-2017 3.22 employee: An individual assigned by an employer to work for compensation in the business of repairing
46、, cleaning, maintaining, or operating equipment. 3.23 employer: A person who assigns one or more individuals to work for compensation in the business of repairing, cleaning, maintaining, or operating equipment. 3.24 fixed ladder: A ladder physically attached to the vehicle to access the top of the t
47、ruck body or trailer. 3.25 fork: The mechanical element attached to the front-loader arm that engages pockets on each side of the container to allow lifting, dumping and lowering of the container. 3.26 fork stop: The bumper against which the front face of the container nests to give clearance betwee
48、n the cab of the truck and cab protector while elevating the container. 3.27 fork tip: A raised element at the outer end of the fork that acts to keep the container from sliding off the end of the fork as it is being raised or lowered. 3.28 front-loading compacting equipment or front-loader: The con
49、tainer-lifting mechanism and body of a front loading collecting vehicle that loads, compacts, transports, and unloads wastes or recyclable materials. (See Figure 1) 3.29 grapple loader: A hydro-mechanical device capable of rotating on an axis with a grapple or bucket attached at the end of the boom, which is intended for the collection of waste that due to size and/or weight is impractical to containerize. (See Figure 12) 3.30 grapple truck: A vehicle equipped with a grapple loader for loading waste that due to size and/or weight is impractical to containerize. Veh
