1、Designation: D7223 16a An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Certification Turbine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7223; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o
2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agenciesin formulating specifications for purchases of aviation tur
3、binefuel under contract.1.2 This specification defines one specific type of aviationturbine fuel for civil use in the certification of aircraft. Thespecification can be used as a standard in describing the qualityof this aviation fuel from the refinery to the aircraft.1.3 This specification does not
4、 include the fuels that arecommonly used in aviation turbine engines. Those are listed inSpecification D1655.1.4 The aviation turbine fuel defined by this specificationmay be used in other than turbine engines that are specificallydesigned and certified for this fuel.1.5 The use of EI/IP (Energy Ins
5、titute/Institute of Petro-leum) test methods is permitted. The user of this specificationis referred to Specification D1655 (latest revision), Specifica-tion for Aviation Turbine Fuels, Paragraph 2, ReferencedDocuments and Table 1, Detailed Requirements of AviationTurbine Fuels, Column 4, Test Metho
6、ds, to determine thepairing of the IP test method with the particular detailedrequirement, and to Section 11, Test Methods, to identifyjointed standards and referee methods.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6
7、.1 ExceptionUnits of pressure are also given in psi.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products andLiquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro
8、-leum Products by Copper Strip TestD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparentand Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-ity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (LampMethod)D1298 Test Method for Densit
9、y, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of Kerosine andAviation Turbine FuelD1655 Specification
10、for Aviation Turbine FuelsD1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet SpectrophotometryD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Te
11、st Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviationand Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-troleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur inGasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels(Potentiometric Method)D3241
12、Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability ofAviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale ClosedCup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining W
13、ater Separation Char-acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom-eterD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products1This specification is under the jurisdiction of A
14、STM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7223 16. DOI: 10.1520/D7223
15、-16A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
16、 standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and PetroleumProducts by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-trometryD4306 Pr
17、actice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus-tion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of LiquidHydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (PrecisionMethod)D4952 Test Method for Qualitative A
18、nalysis for ActiveSulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D5001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia-tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder LubricityEvaluator (BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System IcingInhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5453 Test Me
19、thod for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels(Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6378 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure(VPX) of
20、 Petroleum Products, Hydrocarbons, andHydrocarbon-Oxygenate Mixtures (Triple ExpansionMethod)D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and FuelSystemsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Standards:AFRL-RQ-WP-TR-2013-0271 D
21、etermination of the Mini-mum Use Level of Fuel System Icing Inhibitor (FSII) inJP-8 that will Provide Adequate Icing Inhibition andBiostatic Protection for Air Force Aircraft33. General3.1 This specification, unless otherwise provided, prescribesthe required properties of aviation certification turb
22、ine fuel atthe time and place of delivery.4. Classification4.1 One type of aviation turbine fuel is provided, as follows:4.1.1 Jet C-1A relatively wide boiling range volatiledistillate.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified inthis specification, shall co
23、nsist of blends of refined hydrocar-bons (see Note 1) derived from conventional sources includingcrude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil,and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends, containing compo-nents from other sources, is permitted only on a specific,individual basis (see
24、AnnexA1 on fuels from non-conventionalsources in Specification D1655).NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace levels ofmaterials which are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates,organosulfur, and nitrogeneous compounds.5.1.1 Fuels used in engines and aircraft are ultimatelyapproved by t
25、he certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the typecertification program for that aircraft and engine model.Additives to be used as supplements to an approved fuel mustalso be similarly approved on an individual basis (see Speci-fication D1655).5.2
26、 AdditivesMay be added to this aviation turbine fuel inthe amount and of the composition specified in the followinglist of approved material:45.2.1 AntioxidantsIn amounts not to exceed 24.0 mg Lactive ingredients (not including mass of solvent):5.2.1.1 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.2 2,6-diterti
27、ary-butyl-4-methyl phenol.5.2.1.3 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butyl phenol.5.2.1.4 75 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl phenol, plus25 % maximum mixed tertiary and tritertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.1.5 55 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butylphenol, plus 15 % minimum 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol, rema
28、inder as monomethyl and dimethyl tertiary-butylphenols.5.2.1.6 72 % minimum 2,4-dimethyl-6-tertiary-butylphenol, 28 % maximum monomethyl and dimethyl-tertiary-butyl phenols.5.2.2 Metal Deactivator Additive (MDA), in amount not toexceed 2.0 mg L (not including mass of solvent) on initial fuelmanufact
29、ure at the refinery. Higher initial concentrations arepermitted in circumstances where copper contamination issuspected to occur during distribution. Cumulative concentra-tion of MDA when retreating the fuel shall not exceed5.7 mg L:5.2.2.1 N,N-disalicylidene-1,2-propane diamine.5.2.3 Electrical Con
30、ductivity AdditiveStadis 4505not toexceed 3 mg L.5.2.3.1 When loss of fuel conductivity necessitates retreat-ment with electrical conductivity additive, the following con-centration limits apply:At Manufacture:Stadis 450 3 mg L, maxRetreatment:Stadis 450 cumulative total 5 mg L, max5.2.4 Leak Detect
31、ion AdditiveTracer A (LDTA-A)6maybe added to the fuel in amounts not to exceed 1 mg kg.5.2.5 Other additives are permitted. These include fuelsystem icing inhibitor and special purpose additives such asbiocides. The quantities and types must be declared by the fuel3Available from Defense Technical I
32、nformation Center (DTIC), 8725 John J.Kingman Road, Ft. Belvoir, VA 220606218, http:/www.dtic.mil/dtic, accessionnumber ADA595127.4Supporting data (Guidelines for Approval or Disapproval of Additives) havebeen filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requestingResearch Report
33、RR:D02-1125.5Stadis 450 is a registered trademark marketed by Innospec Inc., InnospecManufacturing Park, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, UK.6Tracer A (LDTA-A) is a registered trademark of Tracer Research Corp., 3755N. Business Center Dr., Tucson, AZ 85705.D7223 16a2supplier and a
34、greed to by the purchaser. Only additivesapproved by the aircraft certifying authority are permitted inthe fuel on which an aircraft is operated.5.2.5.1 Biocidal additives are available for controlled usage.Where such an additive is used in the fuel, the approval statusof the additive and associated
35、 conditions must be checked forthe specific aircraft and engines to be operated.5.2.5.2 Fuel System Icing Inhibitor:(1) Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (DIEGME), con-forming to the requirements of Specification D4171, Type III,may be used in concentrations of 0.10 % to 0.15 % by volume.(2) Test M
36、ethod D5006 may be used to determine theconcentration of DIEGME in aviation fuels.5.3 Guidance material is presented in Appendix X3 ofSpecification D1655 concerning the need to control processingadditives in jet fuel production.6. Detailed Requirements6.1 The aviation turbine fuel shall conform to t
37、he require-ments prescribed in Table 1.TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements of Aviation Certification Turbine FuelAProperty Jet C-1 ASTM Test MethodBAcidity, total mg KOH/g max 0.10 D3242Vol fraction of aromatics, cL/L min/max 8 to 25 D1319Mass fraction of mercaptan sulfur,Ccg/g max 0.003 D3227Mass fractio
38、n of total sulfur, cg/g max 0.30 D1266, D2622, D4294 orD5453Distillation temperature, C (F):Initial boiling point, temperature min/max 70/100 (158/212) D2887, D86D5 % recovered, temperature min/max 80/110 (176/230) D2887, D86D10 % recovered, temperature min/max 90/120 (194/248) D2887, D86D20 % recov
39、ered, temperature min/max 105/140 (221/284) D2887, D86D50 % recovered, temperature min/max 150/195 (302/383) D2887, D86D90 % recovered, temperature min/max 215/255 (419/491) D2887, D86DFinal boiling point, temperature min/max 240/290 (464/554) D2887, D86DFlash Point, C (F) report D56, D3828Density a
40、t 15 C, kg/m3750 to 840 D1298, D4052Vapor pressureEat 25 C, kPa (psi) report 3.0 (0.44) to 5.5 (0.80) D6378Fat 38 C, kPa (psi) report 5.6 (0.8) to 8.2 (1.2) D6378Fat 50 C, kPa (psi) min/max 10.0 (1.45) to 12.5 (1.82) D6378Fat 100 C, kPa (psi) report 56 (8.1) to 60 (8.7) D6378FFreezing point, C max -
41、35 D2386, D5972GViscosity at 20 C, mm2/sHmax 8.0 D445Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8ID4529, D3338,orD4809One of the following requirements shall be met:(1) Smoke point, mm, or min 25 D1322(2) Smoke point, mm, and min 18 D1322Naphthalenes, vol, % max 3.0 D1840Copper strip, 2 h at 100 C max No.
42、 1 D130Thermal stability:(2.5 h at control temperature of 260 C min):Filter pressure drop, mm Hg max 25 D3241JTube deposit less than 3 D3241No Peacock or Abnormal Color DepositsExistent gum, mg/100 mL max 7 D381Microseparometer,KRating max 1b D3948Without electrical conductivity additive min 85With
43、electrical conductivity additive min 70LubricityL BOCLE WSD, mm max 0.85 D5001LAdditives: see 5.2Electrical conductivity, pS/m required 50 to 600 D2624Other optionalAFor compliance of test results against the requirements of Table 1, see 6.2.BThe test methods indicated in this table are referred to
44、in Section 10.CThe mercaptan sulfur determination may be waived if the fuel is considered sweet by the doctor test described in Test Method D4952.DIf Test Method D2887 is used, use correlation procedure (Appendix X5) in Test Method D2887 to convert D2887 temperatures to D86 equivalent temperatures.
45、Bothminimums and maximums shall be met.EAbsolute vapor pressure (VPx) is the primary property to be controlled; 2,2 dimethylbutane and toluene, as cited in Section 11 and Note 14 of Test Method D6378 08,shall be used as verification fluids. 1.0 kPa = 0.145 psi.FLatest version. Record absolute vapor
46、pressure (VPx).GTest Method D5972 may produce a higher (warmer) result than that from Test Method D2386. In case of dispute, Test Method D2386 shall be the referee method.H1mm2/s=1cSt.IUse either Eq 1 or Table 1 in Test Method D4529 or Eq 2 in Test Method D3338. Test Method D4809 may be used as an a
47、lternative. In case of dispute, Test Method D4809shall be used.JTube deposits shall always be reported by the Visual Method.KAt point of manufacture.LLubricity test can be waved with purchasers agreement.D7223 16a36.2 Test results shall not exceed the maximum or be lessthan the minimum values specif
48、ied in Table 1. No allowanceshall be made for the precision of the test methods. Todetermine conformance to the specification requirement, a testresult may be rounded to the same number of significant figuresas in Table 1 using Practice E29. Where multiple determina-tions are made, the average resul
49、t, rounded according toPractice E29, shall be used.6.3 If any additives are used, the aviation turbine fuel shallconform to the Table 2 listed requirements.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The aviation turbine fuel herein specified shall bevisually free of undissolved water, sediment, and suspendedmatter. The odor of the fuel shall not be nauseating or irritating.No substance of known dangerous toxicity under usual condi-tions of handling and use shall be present, except as permittedin this specification.8. Sampling8.1 Because of the impo
