1、*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 05 20 (August 2008)-Preparing Activity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-31 05 20 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTSDIVISION 31 - EARTHWORKSECTION 31 05 20GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAG
2、E LAYER08/08PART 1 GENERAL1.1 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT1.2 REFERENCES1.3 SUBMITTALS1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLINGPART 2 PRODUCTS2.1 GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER2.2 SAMPLING AND TESTING2.2.1 Manufacturing Quality Control Testing2.2.2 Construction Quality Control TestingPART 3 E
3、XECUTION3.1 INSTALLATION3.1.1 Surface Preparation3.1.2 Placement3.1.3 Seams and Overlaps3.1.3.1 Geonet Side Seams3.1.3.2 Geonet End Seams3.1.3.3 Geonet Fasteners3.1.3.4 Geotextile Seams3.1.3.5 Geotextile Cap Strips3.1.4 Stacked Geosynthetic Drainage Layers3.1.5 Corners3.1.6 Penetrations3.2 REPAIRS3.
4、2.1 Geonet Damage3.2.2 Geotextile Damage3.3 PROTECTION AND BACKFILLING- End of Section Table of Contents -SECTION 31 05 20 Page 1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-*USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-31 05 20 (August 2008)-Preparing Act
5、ivity: USACE SupersedingUFGS-31 05 20 (April 2006)UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONSReferences are in agreement with UMRL dated July 2008*SECTION 31 05 20GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER08/08*NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for geosynthetic drainage layers including both geone
6、ts and geocomposites.Edit this guide specification for project specific requirements by adding, deleting, or revising text. For bracketed items, choose applicable items(s) or insert appropriate information.Remove information and requirements not required in respective project, whether or not bracket
7、s are present.Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of technical proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is on the Internet.Recommended changes to a UFGS sh
8、ould be submitted as a Criteria Change Request (CCR).*PART 1 GENERAL1.1 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT*NOTE: Delete this paragraph when lump sum bidding is used.*Measure the total surface area in square meters feet covered by geosynthetic drainage layer. Base final quantities on as-built conditions. Allowa
9、nce will be made for geosynthetic drainage layer in anchor and/or drainage trenches but no allowance will be made for waste, overlap, or materials used for the convenience of the Contractor. Geosynthetic drainage layer accepted by the Contracting Officer will be paid for at the respective contract u
10、nit price in the bidding schedule.SECTION 31 05 20 Page 2Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-1.2 REFERENCES*NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of the guide specification. The publications are referred
11、to in the text by basic designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation, date, and title.Use the Reference Wizards Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside of the Sections Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the Reference Article. Also use t
12、he Reference Wizards Check Reference feature to update the issue dates.References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the publish print process.*The publications listed below form a part of this
13、specification to the extent referenced. The publications are referred to within the text by the basic designation only.ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM)ASTM D 1505 (2003) Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueASTM D 1603 (2006) Carbon Black Content in Olefin PlasticsASTM D 4218 (1996; R 2001)
14、 Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds by the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueASTM D 4355 (2007) Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon-Arc Type ApparatusASTM D 4491 (1999a; R 2004e1) Water Permeability of Geotextiles by PermittivityASTM D
15、 4533 (2004) Trapezoid Tearing Strength of GeotextilesASTM D 4632 (1991; R 2003) Grab Breaking Load and Elongation of GeotextilesASTM D 4716 (2007) Determining the (In-Plane) Flow Rate Per Unit Width and Hydraulic Transmissivity of a Geosynthetic Using a Constant HeadASTM D 4751 (2004) Determining A
16、pparent Opening Size of a GeotextileSECTION 31 05 20 Page 3Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASTM D 4833 (2007) Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related ProductsASTM D 5035 (2006) Breaking Force and Elongation
17、 of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)ASTM D 5199 (2001; R 2006) Measuring Nominal Thickness of GeosyntheticsASTM D 5261 (1992; R 2003) Measuring Mass Per Unit Area of GeotextilesGEOSYNTHETIC INSTITUTE (GSI)GSI GRI GC7 (1997) Determination of Adhesion and Bond Strength of Geocomposites1.3 SUBMITTALS*NOT
18、E: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate quality control.A “G” following a submittal item indicates tha
19、t the submittal requires Government approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing “G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractors Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important or complex in co
20、ntext of the project.For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the “G“ designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using the Resident Management System (RMS) are: “AE“ f
21、or Architect-Engineer; “DO“ for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District Office); “AO“ for Area Office; “RO“ for Resident Office; and “PO“ for Project Office. Codes following the “G“ typically are not used for Navy, Air Force, and NASA projects.Choose the first bra
22、cketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose the second bracketed item for Army projects.*Government approval is required for submittals with a “G“ designation; submittals not having a “G“ designation are for Contractor Quality Control approval. information only. When used, a designa
23、tion following the “G“ designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the SECTION 31 05 20 Page 4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Government. Submit the following in accordance with Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROC
24、EDURES:SD-03 Product DataSampling and TestingManufacturers quality control manual.PenetrationsPenetration details.Construction Quality Control (QC) LaboratoryQualifications of laboratory.SD-04 SamplesGeosynthetic Drainage LayerSeams and OverlapsOne properly identified 610 by 610 mm 24 by 24 inch min
25、imum size geosynthetic drainage layer sample; fasteners proposed for use; and the method of seaming and overlapping.SD-06 Test ReportsSampling and TestingConstruction quality control test results.Geosynthetic Drainage LayerManufacturers quality control test results.1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCEProvide a con
26、struction quality control (QC) laboratory that has also performed quality assurance (QA) testing, if required, of geosynthetic drainage layers for at least five completed projects, having a total minimum area of 186,000 _ square meters 2 _ million square feet. The laboratory shall carry current accr
27、editation via the Geosynthetic Accreditation Institutes Laboratory Accreditation Program (GAI-LAP) for the tests it will be required to perform.1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLINGThe QC inspector shall be present during delivery and unloading of the geosynthetic drainage layer. Ensure the drainage l
28、ayer material has not been damaged during shipping, storage, or handling. Any drainage layer material found to be damaged shall be repaired or replaced. Accept delivery of material only after the required submittals have been approved. Each roll shall be labelled with the manufacturers name, product
29、 identification, lot number, roll number, and roll dimensions. Rolls that have attached geotextiles shall be individually wrapped in plastic. Store the rolls in a level and dry area.SECTION 31 05 20 Page 5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,
30、-,-PART 2 PRODUCTS2.1 GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER*NOTE: The flow capacity required for the geosynthetic drainage layer should be determined using a procedure such as the one described in GRI Report Number 19 - The Design of Drainage Systems Over Geosynthetically Lined Slopes. Appropriate global safe
31、ty factors and reduction factors should be applied to transmissivity values reported by manufacturers. A global factor of safety of 2 is typically used. Guidance on reduction factors for intrusion, creep, chemical clogging, and biological clogging are provided in Designing with Geosynthetics by Dr.
32、Robert Koerner and GRI Standard-GC8 Determination of the Allowable Flow Rate of a Drainage Geocomposite.If high long term normal stresses are anticipated (e.g. 192 kPa (4000 psf) or greater), requirements for maximum allowable creep strain should be included in Table 1. Creep strain requirements for
33、 geosynthetic drainage layers are determined using test method GRI GS 4 - Time Dependent (Creep) Deformation Under Normal Pressure. Typically, a normal stress of 2 to 3 times the design stress for a period of at least 10000 hours is used for creep strain testing.Delete paragraphs and sentences which
34、 describe geotextile material and construction requirements if geotextiles will not be attached to the geonet.*The polymer used to manufacture the geonet component of the geosynthetic drainage layer shall be polyethylene which is clean and free of any foreign contaminants. Regrind material which con
35、sists of edge trimmings and other scraps may be used to manufacture the geonet; however, post-consumer recycled materials shall not be used. Conform the geosynthetic drainage layer to the property requirements listed in Table 1. Component criteria for the geonet alone and geotextile alone are also l
36、isted in Table 1. The geonet shall be covered on one both sides with nonwoven geotextile. Create geocomposite by heat bonding geotextile to the geonet. The geotextile shall not be bonded to the drainage net within 150 mm 6 inches of the edges of the rolls. Where applicable, Table 1 property values r
37、epresent minimum average roll values (MARV). The value for AOS represents the maximum average roll value (MaxARV).TABLE 1 - GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER PROPERTIESMINIMUM MQCTESTINGPROPERTY TEST METHOD TEST VALUE FREQUENCYGEONET COMPONENTThickness, minimum avg, ASTM D 5199 5 mm 9,300 sq mSECTION 31 0
38、5 20 Page 6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE 1 - GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER PROPERTIESMINIMUM MQCTESTINGPROPERTY TEST METHOD TEST VALUE FREQUENCYNote 1Polymer Density, minimum avg ASTM D 1505 0.940 g/cc 9,300 sq mCarbon Black Con
39、tent ASTM D 1603 1-3 percent 9,300 sq mASTM D 4218Tensile Strength, ASTM D 5035 7884 N/m 9,300 sq mminimum avg, Note 2GEOTEXTILE COMPONENTMass/Unit Area, MARV ASTM D 5261 0.2 kg/sq m 9,300 sq mGrab Strength, MARV ASTM D 4632 698 N 9,300 sq mGrab Elongation, MARV ASTM D 4632 50 percent 9,300 sq m Tea
40、r Strength, MARV ASTM D 4533 245 N 9,300 sq mPuncture Strength, MARV ASTM D 4833 245 N 9,300 sq mPermittivity, MARV ASTM D 4491 .2/sec 46,500 sq mAOS(O95), MaxARV ASTM D 4751 .25 mm 46,500 sq mUV Stability, percent ASTM D 4355 50 percent Note 3retained (500 hrs)GEOCOMPOSITE Transmissivity, min, ASTM
41、 D 4716 _ gal/ 18,600 sq mincluding attached geotextiles min-footNote 4Geonet/Geotextile Adhesion, GSI GRI GC7 0.5 lbs/inch 9,300 sq mminimum avg, Note 5Note 1: The diameter of the presser foot shall be 56 mm and the pressure shall be 20 kPa. For other thickness options, see manufacturers literature
42、.Note 2: This is the average peak value for five equally spaced machine direction tests across the roll width.Note 3: Manufacturers historical data.Note 4: Manufacturing quality control transmissivity tests shall be measured using a gradient of 0.1 _ under a normal pressure of 10 100 _ kPa. Use a mi
43、nimum seating period of 15 minutes. Perform the test between rigid end platens.Note 5: Average of five tests across the roll width. Discounting the outer 305 mm of each side of the roll, collect samples at the 10, 30, 50, 70, and SECTION 31 05 20 Page 7Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or
44、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE 1 - GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER PROPERTIESMINIMUM MQCTESTINGPROPERTY TEST METHOD TEST VALUE FREQUENCY90 percent positions across the roll width. Test both sides for double sided geocomposites.TABLE 1 - GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINAGE LAYER PROPERTIESMINIMUM MQCTESTINGPROPERTY TEST METHOD TEST VALUE FREQUENCYGEONETThickness, minimum avg, ASTM D 5199 200 mil 100,000 SFNote 1Polymer Density, minimum avg ASTM D 1505 0.940 g/cc 100,000 SFCarb
