1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22160-7 ARP 062-9-1:2009 Edition 1 IEC/TS 62257-9-1:2008 Edition 1SABS STANDARDS DIVISION Recommended practice Recommendations for small r
4、enewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification Part 9-1: Micropower systems This recommended practice is the identical implementation of IEC/TS 62257-9-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. WARNING Can only be used in conjunction wi
5、th the ARP 062 series. This document is not a South African National Standard Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscrip
6、tion and freemailing clients of the SABS.ARP 062-9-1:2009 Edition 1 IEC/TS 62257-9-1:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This recommended practice is a technical agreement developed in accordance with SANS 1-1, and agreed to by SABS TC 69, Power electronics and al
7、ternative energy conversion. This document was published in February 2009. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. IEC/TS 62257-9-1 Edition 1.0 2008-09 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONRecommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid system
8、s for rural electrification Part 9-1: Micropower systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XA ICS 27.160; 27.180 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-9996-6 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscrip
9、tion and freemailing clients of the SABS. 2 TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.7 1 Scope.8 2 Normative references .9 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 General 11 4.1 Boundary of a micropower plant 11 4.2 Composition of a micropower plant12 4.3 General functional layout of a micropo
10、wer plant 12 5 Design13 5.1 Design criteria.13 5.2 Power generation mix14 5.2.1 General .14 5.2.2 Internal combustion generator sets15 5.3 Electrical design15 5.3.1 System voltage selection.15 5.3.2 Interconnection of generators 15 5.4 Mechanical and civil works 16 5.4.1 Civil works.16 5.4.2 Technic
11、al room16 5.4.3 Battery room17 5.4.4 Specific requirements 17 6 Safety issues17 6.1 Electrical issues 17 6.1.1 General .17 6.1.2 Specific requirements 17 6.2 Mechanical issues.21 6.3 Thermal and fire issues .22 6.4 Noise issues22 6.5 Access security .22 7 Erection of equipment.22 7.1 Siting.22 7.1.1
12、 Photovoltaic array22 7.1.2 Wind turbine23 7.1.3 Micro-hydro turbine .23 7.1.4 Generator set 23 7.1.5 Technical room23 7.2 Equipment installation .24 7.2.1 Mechanical 24 7.2.2 Electrical .24 8 Acceptance process .26 8.1 General .26 8.2 Phase 1: Preparation.27 8.3 Phase 2: Documentation .27 8.4 Phase
13、 3: Commissioning .27 ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) 3 8.4.1 Step 1: Evaluation of the conformity of the installed system with the accepted design 27 8.4.2 Step 2: Evaluation of qualific
14、ation of the installation 27 8.4.3 Step 3: Preliminary tests27 8.4.4 Step 4: Performance testing 28 8.5 Phase 4: Agreement28 8.6 Commissioning records .28 9 Operation, maintenance and replacement.28 10 Marking and documentation29 10.1 Marking .29 10.1.1 Information for emergency services .29 10.1.2
15、Information for maintenance 29 10.1.3 Information for batteries 29 10.1.4 Information for sockets 29 10.1.5 Signs.29 10.2 Documentation 30 Annex A (informative) Selectivity of protection .31 Annex B (informative) Risk assessment of lightning stroke.32 Annex C (normative) Voltage domains .35 Annex D
16、(informative) Battery room .36 Annex E (informative) Energy fraction calculations 39 Annex F (informative) Noise control .41 Annex G (informative) Commissioning record sheet (examples).43 Bibliography53 Figure 1 Micropower system limits .11 Figure 2 Example of functional layout for a micropower plan
17、t supplying a.c. energy.13 Figure 3 Interconnection configuration with d.c. bus and a.c. bus.16 Figure 4 Interconnection configuration with a.c. bus only .16 Figure 5 Example of protection against effects of lightning and over-voltage for generators with two live conductors output (d.c. or a.c.) TNS
18、 P+N 18 Figure 6 Example of protection against effects of lightning over-voltage for three phase generators with four live a.c. conductors (TNS P+N scheme) Generator side.19 Figure 7 Example of a simplified lightning protection including a crows foot earth termination20 Figure 8 Protection of a phot
19、ovoltaic array.21 Figure 9 Wiring arrangement for equipotential link .21 Figure A.1 Example of the selectivity of protection.31 Table 1 Minimum dimensions for lightning protection wires 20 Table 2 Cross-section of 230 V a.c. power cables24 Table 3 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in
20、 230 V/400 V a.c. circuits 25 Table 4 Fuse ratings for protection from short-circuiting in 120 V/208 V a.c. circuits 26 Table 5 Circuit-breaker ratings for protection from short-circuiting .26 Table B.1 Stake index values.32 Table B.2 Construction index values 33 ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may on
21、ly be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. 4 TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) Table B.3 Height index values33 Table B.4 Situation index values 33 Table B.5 Lightning prevalence index values .33 Table B.6 Assessment of risk and need for protection34 Table C.1 Voltage
22、 domains 35 ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 9-1:
23、 Micropower systems FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning st
24、andardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their prepar
25、ation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non- governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely w
26、ith the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant su
27、bjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technic
28、al content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent
29、 possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
30、equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees a
31、nd IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8)
32、Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent right
33、s. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical specification when the required support
34、cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical specifications a
35、re subject to review within three years of publication to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62257-9-1, which is a technical specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. This technical specification is based
36、on IEC/PAS 62111 (1999); it cancels and replaces the relevant parts of IEC/PAS 62111. ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. 6 TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) This technical specification is to be used in conjunction with the
37、 IEC 62257 series and with future parts of this series as and when they are published. The text of this technical specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 82/501/DTS 82/526/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical specification ca
38、n be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all the parts of the IEC 62257 series, under the general title Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural elect
39、rification, can be found on the IEC web site. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publica
40、tion will be transformed into an international standard; reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clien
41、ts of the SABS.TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) 7 INTRODUCTION The IEC 62257 series of documents intends to provide to the different players involved in rural electrification projects (such as project implementers, project contractors, project supervisors, installers, etc.) documents for the setting-up of r
42、enewable energy and hybrid systems with a.c. nominal voltage below 500 V, d.c. nominal voltage below 750 V and nominal power below 100 kVA. These documents are recommendations: to choose the right system for the right place; to design the system; to operate and maintain the system. These documents a
43、re focused only on rural electrification concentrating on, but not specific to, developing countries. They must not be considered as all-inclusive to rural electrification. The documents try to promote the use of renewable energies in rural electrification; they do not deal with clean mechanisms dev
44、elopments at this time (CO 2emission, carbon credit, etc.). Further developments in this field could be introduced in future steps. This consistent set of documents is best considered as a whole with different parts corresponding to items for safety, sustainability of systems and at the lowest life-
45、cycle cost as possible. One of the main objectives is to provide the minimum sufficient requirements, relevant to the field of application, that is, small renewable energy and hybrid off-grid systems. ARP 062-9-1:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing
46、 clients of the SABS. 8 TS 62257-9-1 IEC:2008(E) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SMALL RENEWABLE ENERGY AND HYBRID SYSTEMS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION Part 9-1: Micropower systems 1 Scope Decentralized Rural Electrification Systems (DRES) are designed to supply electric power for sites which are not connected to
47、a large interconnected system, or a national grid, in order to meet basic needs. The majority of these sites are isolated dwellings; village houses; community services (public lighting, pumping, health centres, places of worship or cultural activities, administrative buildings, etc.); economic activ
48、ities (workshops, micro-industry, etc.). The DRES fall into the following three categories: process electrification systems (for example, for pumping); individual electrification systems (IES) for single users; collective electrification systems (CES) for multiple users. Process or individual electr
49、ification systems exclusively consist of two subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem; the users electrical installation. Collective electrification systems, however, consist of three subsystems: an electric energy generation subsystem; a distribution subsystem, also called microgrid; users electrical installations including interface equipment between the installations and the microgrid. This technical specification applie
