1、 ANSI/ASA S12.57-2011 / ISO 3747:2010 (a revision of ANSI S12.57-2002 / ISO 3747:2000) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment (a Nat
2、ionally Adopted International Standard) Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASAS12.57-2011/ ISO 3747:2010The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordina
3、tor of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote
4、its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.57-2011 / ISO 3747:2010 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment (a nationally adopted intern
5、ational standard) Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved on August 26, 2011 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This American National Standard specifies a method for determining the sound power level or sound energy level of a noise source by comparing measured sou
6、nd pressure levels emitted by a noise source (machinery or equipment) mounted in situ in a reverberant environment, with those from a calibrated reference sound source. The sound power level (or, in the case of noise bursts or transient noise emission, the sound energy level) produced by the noise s
7、ource, in frequency bands of width one octave, is calculated using those measurements. The sound power level or sound energy level with frequency A-weighting applied is calculated using the octave-band levels. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides
8、the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organ
9、izations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are develop
10、ed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, an
11、d maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approve
12、d as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board
13、of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made t
14、owards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conformi
15、ng to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35
16、 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2011 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose
17、not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. i Contents 1 Scope . 1 1
18、.1 General . 1 1.2 Types of noise and noise sources 1 1.3 Test environment 1 1.4 Measurement uncertainty . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Test environment . 6 4.1 Criterion for acoustic adequacy of test environment 6 4.2 Criterion for background noise . 6 5 Instrumentatio
19、n and measurement equipment 7 5.1 General . 7 5.2 Calibration . 7 6 Location, installation and operation of noise source under test. 7 6.1 Source location and installation 7 6.2 Auxiliary equipment 8 6.3 Operation of source during test 8 7 Measurement procedure 8 7.1 General . 8 7.2 Characterization
20、 of noise source under test . 9 7.3 Locations of the reference sound source . 9 7.4 Microphone positions 10 7.5 Measurement of sound pressure levels for a noise source which emits steady or non-steady noise . 11 7.6 Measurement of sound pressure levels for a noise source which emits impulsive noise
21、12 8 Calculation of sound power levels and sound energy levels . 12 8.1 Corrections for background noise . 12 8.2 Mean time-averaged sound pressure levels for a noise source which emits steady or non-steady noise 13 8.3 Sound power levels 14 8.4 Mean single event sound pressure level for a noise sou
22、rce which emits impulsive noise . 14 8.5 Sound energy levels . 16 8.6 A-weighted sound power level and A-weighted sound energy level 16 9 Measurement uncertainty 16 9.1 Methodology . 16 9.2 Determination of omc. 17 9.3 Determination of R018 9.4 Typical upper bound values of R019 9.5 Total standard d
23、eviation, tot, and expanded uncertainty, U . 20 10 Information to be recorded . 20 10.1 General . 20 ii 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. 10.2 Noise source under test 20 10.3 Test environment 20 10.4 Instrumentation . 21 10.5 Acoustic data 21 11 Test report 22 Annex A (normative
24、) Evaluation of the excess of sound pressure level at a given distance . 23 Annex B (informative) Recommendations for the location of the reference sound source and the microphones, if only one position is used for the reference sound source . 24 B.1 General . 24 B.2 Recommendation 1. 24 B.3 Recomme
25、ndation 2. 26 B.4 Recommendation 3. 27 B.5 Recommendation 4. 27 Annex C (normative) Sound power level and sound energy level under reference meteorological conditions 29 Annex D (normative) Calculation of A-weighted sound power levels and A-weighted sound energy levels from octave-band levels 31 D.1
26、 A-weighted sound power levels 31 D.2 A-weighted sound energy levels . 31 D.3 Values of k and Ckfor use in calculations 31 Annex E (informative) Guidance on the development of information on measurement uncertainty . 33 E.1 General . 33 E.2 Considerations on the total standard deviation, tot33 E.3 C
27、onsiderations on omc. 34 E.4 Considerations on R0. 35 E.5 Combined standard uncertainty 44 E.6 Measurement uncertainty based on reproducibility data 44 Bibliography 45 Figures Figure B.1 Positions for the reference sound source when the noise source under test is fairly omnidirectional . 25 Figure B
28、.2 Positions for the reference sound source when the noise source under test is fairly directional . 25 Figure B.3 Position for the reference sound source when the dominant component of the noise source under test is fairly omnidirectional 26 Figure B.4 Position for the reference sound source when t
29、he dominant component of the noise source under test is fairly directional . 26 Figure B.5 Zone where one microphone is to be located when the reference sound source is screened by the noise source under test . 27 2010 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. iii Figure B.6 Plan view of the
30、 noise source under test and reference sound source, showing microphone positioning 28 Tables Table 1 Zones of the test environment . 11 Table 2 Typical upper bound values of the standard deviation of reproducibility of the method, R0, for A-weighted sound power levels and sound energy levels determ
31、ined in accordance with this American National Standard 19 Table D.1 Values of k and Ckfor mid-band frequencies of octave-bands . 32 Table E.1 Examples of calculated total standard deviations, tot, for three different cases . 35 Table E.2 Uncertainty budget for determinations of R0for sound power le
32、vel and sound energy level, valid for frequencies from 500 Hz to 4 kHz, or for A-weighted measurements of a source with a relatively flat frequency spectrum . 38 iv 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. Foreword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of the American
33、 National Standard ANSI/ASA S12.57-2011 / ISO 3747:2010 American National Standard Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering/survey methods for use in situ in a reverberant environment. This standard comprises a part of a
34、group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredite
35、d Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of acoustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational
36、 noise. This standard is a revision of ANSI S12.57-2002 / ISO 3747:2000, which has been technically revised. This Standard is identical to International Standard ISO 3747, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering/survey m
37、ethods for use in situ in a reverberant environment, which was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43 Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. However, in conformance with ANSI and ISO rules, the words “American National Standard“ replace the words “International Standard“ where they appear in the ISO document,
38、 decimal points were substituted in place of the decimal commas used in ISO documents, and American English spelling is used in place of British English spelling. The ANSI or ANSI/ASA equivalents for the ISO standards in the ISO 3740 series and other referenced nationally adopted standards are given
39、 below: ANSI S12.5 / ISO 6926 is an identical national adoption of ISO 6926; ANSI/ASA S12.50/ISO 3740 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3740; ANSI/ASA S12.51/ISO 3741 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3741; ANSI/ASA S12.53/Part 1/ISO 3743-1 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3743
40、-1; ANSI/ASA S12.53/Part 2/ISO 3743-2 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3743-2; ANSI/ASA S12.54/ISO 3744 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3744; ANSI S12.55/ISO 3745 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3745; ANSI/ASA S12.56/ISO 3746 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3746; a
41、nd ANSI/ASA S12.57/ISO 3747 is an identical national adoption of ISO 3747. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, for approval, the membership was as follows: W.J. Murphy, Chair R.D. Hellweg, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary 3M Occupational Health FAX
42、: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. viii 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. Introduction This American National Standard is a national adoption of one of the series ISO 37412to ISO 3747, which specify various methods for determining the sound power levels and sound energy lev
43、els of noise sources including machinery, equipment and their sub-assemblies. The selection of one of the methods from the series for use in a particular application depends on the purpose of the test to determine the sound power level or sound energy level and on the facilities available. General g
44、uidelines to assist in the selection are provided in ISO 37401. ISO 37401to ISO 3747 give only general principles regarding the operating and mounting conditions of the machinery or equipment for the purposes of the test. It is important that test codes be established for individual kinds of noise s
45、ource, in order to give detailed requirements for mounting, loading, and operating conditions under which the sound power levels or sound energy levels are to be obtained. The method given in this American National Standard is based on a comparison of the sound pressure levels in octave frequency ba
46、nds of a noise source under test with those of a calibrated reference sound source; A-weighted sound power levels or sound energy levels may be calculated from the octave-band levels. The method is applied where the noise source is found in situ and as such is suitable for larger pieces of stationar
47、y equipment which, due to their manner of operation or installation, cannot readily be moved. The method specified in this American National Standard permits the determination of the sound power level and the sound energy level in octave bands from which the A-weighted value is calculated. This Amer
48、ican National Standard describes a method giving results of either ISO 12001:1996, accuracy grade 2 (engineering grade) or ISO 12001:1996, accuracy grade 3 (survey grade), depending on the extent to which the requirements concerning the test environment are met. For applications where greater accura
49、cy is required, reference can be made to ISO 37412, ISO 37445or an appropriate part of ISO 961417-19. If the relevant criteria for the measurement environment specified in this American National Standard are not met, it might be possible to refer to another standard from this series, or to an appropriate part of ISO 961417-19. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S12.57-2011 / ISO 3747:2010 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved 1 American National Standard Acoustics De
