1、ANSI S2.16-1997 American National Standard Vibratory Noise Measurements and Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved 31 October 1997 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This Standard contains guidelines for limiting the machinery
2、and operating equipment vibration on board ships for the purposes of habitability and mechanical suitability. The mechanical suitability guidelines result in a suitable environment for installed equipment and precludes many major vibration problems, such as unbalance, misalignment, or other damage t
3、o the machinery and operating equipment. To obtain data to compare with the guidelines, this Standard also specifies data acquisition and processing procedures. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committe
4、es S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide represen tation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, and general interest representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America t
5、hrough the American Institute of Physics as American National Stan dards after approval by their respective standards committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and con
6、sumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with pro cedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own standards. The ASA Stand
7、ards Secretariat administers committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standard
8、s Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially con cerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reach
9、ed by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consen sus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of American National St
10、andards is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. NOTICE: This American National Standa
11、rd may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 120 Wall Street, 32nd Floor New York, New York 10005-3
12、993 Telephone: +1 212 248 0373 Telefax: +1 212 248 0146 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 1998 by the Acoustical Society of America. This Standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the Copyri
13、ght Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Contents Page Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、. . . II 0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6 7 Tables Scope, purpose, and applications . . Normative references . Definitions . Equipment . Equipment types
15、 . Mounting . . Reference vibratory acceleration (Clo) . Structure-borne vibratory acceleration level la) . . Time-bandwidth product . . Structure-borne sound acceptance criteria . Acceptance criteria . Correction factors to criteria from figure 1 . Measurement requirements and procedure . . Measure
16、ments . Measurement point locations . . External influences . Mounting of equipment . . Calibration of instrumentation . . Equipment operating conditions . . Application guidance . . Reporting . . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 6 6 6 8 8 9 Table 1. Correction factors to the curves in figure 1 . . . .
17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Figures Figure 1. Structure vibratory acceleration acceptance criteria . . . . . . . . . . 2 Figure 2. Valve measurement point locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Figure 3. Vane axial fan measurement point locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18、 . 5 Figure 4. Motor-driven pump measurement point locations . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Figure 5. Motor-driven compressors measurement point locations . . . . . 5 Figure 6. Standard test fixture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Foreword This Foreword is for
19、information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S2.16- 1997 Vibratory Noise Measurements and Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment. This Standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifi cations tor use in mechanical vibration and shock. It h
20、as been developed using the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Accredited Standards Committee Procedure. The Acoustical Society of America provides the Secretariat for Accre dited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock. American National Standards Committee S2, Mechanical V
21、ibration and Shock, under whose jurisdiction this Standard was developed, has the following scope: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test terminology in the fields of mechanical vibration and shock and condition monitoring and diagnos tics of machines, but excluding those aspects
22、 which pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort. This Standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock, tor approval, the membership was as follows: D. J. Evans, Chair R.
23、F. Taddeo, Vice-Chair A. Brenig, Secretary Acoustical Society of America . D. J. Evans R. F. Taddeo (Alt.) Boyce Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. P. Boyce C. Meher-Homji (Alt.) Bruel FAX+ 1 212 248 0146; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. iii AME
24、RICAN NATIONAL STANDARD American National Standard Vibratory Noise Measurements and Acceptance Criteria of Shipboard Equipment 0 Introduction The installation of machinery and operating equip ment on board ships often leads to excessive vibration levels in various ship areas including occupied space
25、s. Acceleration measurements taken according to standardized procedures and compared with acceptance criteria will provide the requisite information to the shipbuilder for the proper selection and installation of equipment. 1 Scope, purpose, and applications This Standard specifies procedures and in
26、stru mentation for the measurement of structure-borne vibratory noise generated by shipboard equip ment. Vibratory acceleration acceptance criteria are presented for several types of equipment. 2 Normative references ANSI S1.6-1984 (R 1997) American National Standard Preferred Frequencies, Frequency
27、 Lev els, and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measure ments. ANSI S1.8-1989 (R1997 American National Stan dard Reference Quantities for Acoustical Levels. ANSI S 1 .11-1986 (R 1993) American National Standard Specification for Octave-Band and Frac tional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital filters. ANSI S1.2
28、2-1992 (R 1997) American National Standard Scales and Sizes for Frequency Charac teristics and Polar Diagrams in Acoustics. ANSI S2.2-1959 (R 1997) American National Standard Methods for Calibration of Shock and Vi bration Pickups. ANSI 82.61-1989 (R 1997) American National Standard Guide to the Mec
29、hanical Mounting of Ac celerometers. 1 ANSI S2.16-1997 ANSI S2.7-1982 (R 1997) American National Standard Balancing Terminology. NOTE - While the filter terminology in this Standard is consistent with that contained in ANSI S 1 .11-1986 (R 1993) at the time this Standard was written, it is not entir
30、ely consistent with the filter terminology con tained in the ANSI terminology standards S1.1 and 2.1. 3 Definitions This section defines only some of the terms used in this Standard. See ANSI S2.7-1982 (R 1997) for definitions of a general nature. 3.1 equipment. The term equipment, when used in this
31、 Standard, refers to any equipment as a sys tem, subsystem, or part thereof which is being measured to determine compliance with the struc ture-borne noise acceptance criteria. These crite ria are based in part on the locations in which the equipment is to be placed. 3.2 equipment types. The term ty
32、pe is used to divide equipment into groups for the purpose of specifying structure-borne noise criteria. Equip ment types are specified in as follows: 3.2.1 Type I. Type I designates reciprocating compressors and internal combustion engines. 3.2.2 Type II. Type II designates pumps, valves, and life
33、support equipment. 3.2.3 Type Ill. Type Ill designates equipment not covered by types I, II and IV. 3.2.4 Type IV. Type IV designates vane axial fans. 3.3 mounting 3.3.1 resiliently mounted equipment. Resili ently mounted equipment is equipment which is isolated from the vibration of a support struc
34、ture by resilient mounts. Testing of equipment attached by shock mounts, however, is not addressed in this Standard. 3.3.2 compound mounts. A compound or two stage mount is a three-element device consisting of an intermediate mass contained between two resilient elements. 3.3.3 solidly mounted equip
35、ment. Solidly mounted equipment is equipment which is rigidly attached to the supporting structure. 3.4 reference vibratory acceleration (Bo). The reference quantity is 1 micrometer per second squared (JLm/s2) root mean square (rms) (1 JLml s2=10-4 centimeters per second squared (cm/s2). 1998 Acoust
36、ical Society of America ANSI 82.16-1997 3.5 structure-borne vibratory acceleration level (La). The acceleration level La in dB is 20 times the logarithm to the base 1 0 of the ratio of the measured structure-borne vibratory accelera tion to ao; that is, La in dB=20 log10 (measured acceleration in t-
37、tmls2 (rms)/1 t-tm/s2 (rms) 3.6 time-bandwidth product. The product of the analysis bandwidth in Hz and the total sample time in seconds. 4 Structure-borne sound acceptance criteria 4.1 Acceptance criteria The vibratory acceleration levels La of the equip ment, measured at the locations defined in 5
38、.2 and 8 w .J w a: (/) .J w co u w 0 (/) .J w w .J 0 z i= () 0 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 in accordance with the procedures of 5.1, shall not exceed the level curves given in figure 1 for the equipment type specified; note that these criteria are expressed as one-third-octave-band levels. Equipment wh
39、ich fails to meet the acceptance cri teria should not be installed in the ship unless the appropriate authority has accepted the deficient equipment or directed a specific course of action. 4.2 Correction factors to criteria from figure 1 Certain correction factors to the curves in figure 1 are show
40、n in table 1 and apply only for some spe cific equipment, anticipated shipboard mounting and system connection configurations, or combi nations thereof. For example, 15 dB shall be sub tracted from the Type II curve for solidly mounted non-sea connected pumps. No correction factor shall be applied f
41、or reasons other than the specific TYPE TYPE II TYPE Ill TYPE IV gggggggggggggggggggg M NNMqqqq .-.,-NNMVU10COO -1/3-0CTAVE-BAND CENTER FREQUENCY IN HERTZ Figure 1 - Structure vibratory acceleration acceptance criteria. 2 1998 Acoustical Society of America ANSI 52.16-1997 TABLE 1. CORRECTION FACTORS
42、 TO THE CURVES IN FIG. 1 For resiliently mounted non-sea connected pumps, add 5 dB to the Type II curve. For solidly mounted non-sea connected pumps, subtract 15 dB from the Type II curve. For resiliently mounted life support equipment (i.e., oxygen generator, C02 scrubber, H2CO burner and distillin
43、g units), subtract 20 dB from the Type II curve. For solidly mounted life support equipment, subtract 40 dB from the Type II curve. For resiliently mounted electrical equipment, subtract 25 dB from the Type Ill curve. For solidly mounted electrical equipment, subtract 45 dB from the Type Ill curve.
44、For other solidly mounted equipment, subtract 20 dB from the Type I, II, and Ill curves (does not apply to Type IV). conditions or combinations shown in table 1. For example, no correction to the type II curve should be made for resiliently mounted sea connected pumps. 5 Measurement requirements and
45、 procedure 5.1 Measurements The measurements required by this Standard are made using accelerometers attached to the equip ment or its supporting structure as described in 5.1 .1 . These measurements are normally made during steady-state operating conditions. 5.1.1 Accelerometer mounting and orienta
46、tion Measurements in accordance with 5.1.3 shall be made at the specified locations in three orthogonal directions, one of which shall be vertical. For equipment with a horizontally oriented shaft, one other direction should be perpendicular to the shaft. For valves, measurements in two directions a
47、re required, perpendicular and parallel to the flow for outlet flanges or nozzles, and three orthogonal directions for other structural connections, except inlets. Accelerometers should be mounted accord ing to the manufacturers instructions or ANSI S2.61. 1998 Acoustical Society of America 5.1.2 Re
48、quired measurements The following measurements are required to meet the objectives of this Standard: 5. 1.2. 1 One-third-octave-band measurements. One-third-octave-band measurements in accord ance with 5.1 .3.1 shall be made at the locations specified in 5.2. 5. 1.2.2 Narrowband measurements. These
49、mea surements may be required whenever the equip ment fails the one-third-octave-band criteria at the location and in the direction of the failure. When narrowband analyses are required they should be made in accordance with 5.1.3.2. 5.1.3 Measurement procedures The measurement procedure is described in the steps below. 5. 1.3. 1 One-third-octave-band measurement pro cedure. One-third-octave-band levels La shall be measured for the ambient (non-operating) condi tion and for the conditions specified in 5.6 using accelerome
