1、 ANSI S2.70-2006 (Revision of ANSI S3.34-1986) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Guide for the Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn
2、Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177 ANSI S2.70-2006(Revision ofANSI S3.34-1986)The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The
3、Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. Acoustical Society of America 2006 ANSI S2.70-2006 (Revision of ANSI S3.34-1986) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
4、Guide for the Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved 19 May 2006 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard specifies the recommended method for the measurement, data analysis, vibra
5、tion and health risk assessments, and reporting of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. A standard format is established for measurement, data analysis, vibration and health risk assessments, and reporting of hand-transmitted vibration, periodic or random, in three orthogonal axes, in the f
6、requency range from 5.6 Hz to 1,400 Hz. Three normative annexes provide guidance for vibration and health risk assessments, mitigating health risks, training, and medical surveillance related to hand-transmitted vibration. Acoustical Society of America 2006 All rights reserved AMERICAN NATIONAL STAN
7、DARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers,
8、consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute
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14、rchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdr
15、aw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2006 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any fo
16、rm for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical So
17、ciety of America 2006 All rights reserved iContents 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 4 Symbols 2 5 General considerations . 3 6 Characterization of hand-transmitted vibration exposure . 4 6.1 Magnitude of vibration. 4 6.2 Frequency spectrum of vibration. 4 6.3 Direction o
18、f vibration . 7 6.4 Daily vibration exposure 7 7 Measurement of hand-arm vibration. 8 8 Information to be reported. 8 Annex A Vibration exposure and health risk assessments . 11 A.1 Daily exposure action and limit values 11 A.2 Vibration exposure assessment 12 A.3 Health risk assessment. 12 Annex B
19、Mitigating health risks associated with hand-transmitted vibration exposure. 14 B.1 Guidelines to avoid or reduce potential health risks . 14 B.2 Low vibration tools and personal protective equipment 14 Annex C Training and medical surveillance 15 C.1 Training . 15 C.2 Health surveillance 15 Acousti
20、cal Society of America 2006 All rights reserved ii Tables Table 1 ISO frequency-weighting factors, Whi, for hand-transmitted vibration for conversion of one-third octave band magnitudes to ISO frequency-weighted magnitudes .5 Figures Figure 1 Coordinate system for the hand. The origin of the system
21、lies in the head of the third metacarpal, and the z(hand)axis is defined by the longitudinal axis of that bone. The x axis projects forward from the origin when the hand is in the normal anatomical position (palm facing forward). The y axis passes through the origin and is perpendicular to the x axi
22、s. When the hand is gripping a cylindrical handle, the coordinate system shall be rotated so that the yhaxis is parallel to the axis of the handle. (a) “Handgrip“ position. In this position, the hand adopts a standardized grip on a cylindrical bar of radius 2 cm. (b) “Flat palm“ position. In this po
23、sition, the hand presses down onto a spherical surface of radius 5 cm. .6 Figure A.1 Plots of the ahv(DEAV)and ahv(DELV)values for vibration exposure times other than 8 hours12 Figure A.2 Plot of Dy as a function of the daily vibration exposure value, A(8) 13 Acoustical Society of America 2006 All r
24、ights reserved iiiForeword This Foreword is for information only and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI S2.70-2006 American National Standard Guide for the Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand. This standard comprises a part of a group o
25、f definitions, standards, and specifications for use in mechanical vibration and shock. It was developed and approved by Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standard
26、s Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S2 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the field of mechanical vibration and shock and condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines, including the effects of exposure to mech
27、anical vibration and shock on humans, including those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance, and comfort. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.34-1986 (R 1997), which has been technically revised. The revisions incorporated into this standard make the measurement and data analysis
28、procedures of the standard compatible with the corresponding procedures specified in ISO 5349 Part 1 and ISO 5349 Part 2. Vibration and health risks assessment procedures, methods for mitigating the potential for workers developing symptoms related to hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), and training
29、 and medical surveillance guidelines have been added to this standard. This standard is not comparable to any existing ISO Standard. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock, for approval, the membership was as follows: R.J. Peppin,
30、 Chair D.J. Evans, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America S.I Hayek B.E. Douglas (Alt.) Acquip, IncD. Josefsberg American Industrial Hygiene Association J.J. Earshen D. Driscoll (Alt.) Association of American Railroads J. Moller .N. Cooperrider (Alt.) BJM Corp. .W. Kruger A
31、coustical Society of America 2006 All rights reserved iv Bruel FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org Acoustical Society of America 2006 All rights reserved vi Introduction Intense vibration can be transmitted from hand-held percussive or vibrating devices, tools, and work pieces to the hands and
32、 arms of the user. Such situations occur when a person uses pneumatically, hydraulically, and electrically powered percussive tools (i.e., chipping hammers, needle scalars, impact wrenches, etc.); pneumatically, hydraulically, and electrically powered grinders and sanders; gasoline powered tools (i.
33、e., chain saws, circular saws, edge trimmers, etc.); and pedestal grinders. These vibrations are usually transmitted through the hand to the arm and shoulder. Depending on individual work practices and work situations, this vibration can be transmitted to one hand only or to both hands simultaneousl
34、y. Continued habitual use of some types of hand-held vibrating devices, tools, and work pieces has been found under certain circumstances to be associated with patterns of diseases affecting the hand and arm. The patterns of various symptoms observed have been called vibration disease, vibration syn
35、drome, vibration white finger (VWF), or Raynauds phenomenon of occupational origin. These disorders have been grouped into a single syndrome referred to as the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). Hand-arm vibration may also cause entrapment syndromes, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as other
36、 upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). For the purpose of this standard, hand-transmitted vibration is defined as the mechanical vibration that, when transmitted to the human hand-arm system, may entail risks to worker health and safety, in particular vascular, bone or joint, neurologi
37、cal, and muscular. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed two international standards: (1) ISO 5349 Part 1 and (2) ISO 5349 Part 2. The appendices in ISO 5349 Part 1 give specific guidance on the health effects related to hand-transmitted vibration, the relationship b
38、etween vibration exposure and effects on health, factors likely to influence the effects of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration in working conditions, and preventative measures to be adopted to reduce the potential for developing symptoms related to HAVS. ISO 5349 Part 2 gives specific guid
39、elines on how to make vibration measurements on hand-held vibrating and percussive tools. The user of this standard is, therefore, directed to these ISO standards for specific guidance in these areas. The Parliament of the European Union has issued the European Union Human Vibration Directive-2002/4
40、4/EC. This directive specifies vibration daily exposure action values (DEAV) of 2.5 m/s2and daily exposure limit values (DELV) of 5.0 m/s2that, when achieved, will reduce the potential for users of hand-held vibrating and percussive devices, tools, and work pieces to develop symptoms related to HAVS
41、. The DEAV and DELV specified in the EU human vibration directive have generally been accepted by medical experts, scientists, and engineers in governmental agencies, research institutions, and industry in the USA and other countries. The guidance provided in this standard and its annexes are intend
42、ed to assist in reducing the potential for the occurrences of HAVS and other related hand-arm vibration disorders among persons who work with hand-held vibrating and percussive devices, tools and work pieces. Many factors affect the potential for an individual to develop symptoms related to HAVS. Be
43、cause the subjective symptoms and objective clinical findings associated with HAVS are similar to the pathology arising from other causes, it is imperative that a proper differential diagnosis be performed on workers who display pathology related to HAVS by a physician with qualifications and experi
44、ence in differential diagnosis of hand-arm syndromes and diseases. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI S2.70-2006 Acoustical Society of America 2006 All rights reserved 1American National Standard Guide for the Measurement and Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration Transmitted to the Hand 1 Scope 1.1
45、 This standard specifies the recommended method for the measurement, data analysis and evaluation, vibration and health risk assessments, and reporting of hand-transmitted vibration exposure. The methods specified in this standard are to be used to characterize and evaluate vibration impinging on th
46、e hands of humans and to give guidance on assessing the potential for this vibration to result in pathology related to hand-arm vibration exposure among the users of hand-held percussive or vibrating devices, tools, and work pieces. Factors, such as grip and push forces applied to tool handles, orie
47、ntation of the hands and tool relative to a specific work piece, and intermittency of vibration exposure that can affect ones exposure to hand-transmitted vibration are not addressed in this standard. 1.2 Prolonged excessive exposure to hand-transmitted vibration may result in adverse health effect,
48、 such as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and other conditions of the upper extremities, such as carpal tunnel syndrome. For the purpose of this standard, hand-arm vibration syndrome is defined as the complex of peripheral vascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal disorders of the hand and arm t
49、hat are associated with industrial exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. 1.3 This standard is intended as a guide for the measurement, data analysis and evaluation, vibration and health risk assessments, and reporting of human exposure to vibration transmitted to the hands, with a view toward reducing the potential for the occurrence of pathology related to hand-arm vibration exposure among the users of hand-held percussive or vibrating devices, tools, and work pieces. 1.4 The methods of measurement, data analysis, evaluation, a
