1、g3ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1:1997 (formerly ANSI S3.18-2002 / ISO 2631-1: 2001) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDMechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements g3A Nationally Adopted International Standard Accredited Standards Commi
2、ttee S2, Mechanical Vibration and ShockStandards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177 NAIS ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1: 1997Reaffirmed by ANSI on June 24, 2007 Reaffirmed by ANSI on June 1, 2007 Reaffirmed by ANSI on August 6, 2012 T
3、he American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers for
4、med in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1:1997 (Formerly ANSI S3.18-2002 / ISO 2631-1:1997) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibrati
5、on Part 1: General requirements A Nationally Adopted International Standard Secretariat Acoustical Society of America (ASA) Approved 13 May 2002 American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This part of ANSI S2.72 / ISO 2631 defines methods for the measurement of periodic, random and transie
6、nt whole-body vibration. It indicates the principal factors that combine to determine the degree to which a vibration exposure will be acceptable. Informative annexes indicate current opinion and provide guidance on the possible effects of vibration on health, comfort and perception and motion sickn
7、ess. The frequency range considered is 0.5 Hz to 80 Hz for health, comfort and perception and 0.1 Hz to 0.5 Hz for motion sickness. Although the potential effects on human performance are not covered, most of the guidance on whole-body vibration measurement also applies to this area. This part of AN
8、SI S2.72 / ISO 2631 also defines the principles of preferred methods of mounting transducers for determining human exposure. It does not apply to the evaluation of extreme-magnitude single shocks such as occur in vehicle accidents. This part of ANSI S2.72 / ISO 2631 is applicable to motions transmit
9、ted to the human body as a whole through the supporting surfaces: the feet of a standing person, the buttocks, back and feet of a seated person or the supporting area of a recumbent person. This type of vibration is found in vehicles, in machinery, in buildings and in the vicinity of working machine
10、ry. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical
11、community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America through the American Institute of Physics as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committee
12、s and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with p
13、rocedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity, and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committee
14、s and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substa
15、ntially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessari
16、ly unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards
17、 or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken p
18、eriodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw a standard. Standards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177 USA Telephone: +1 631 390 0215 Fax: +1 631 390 0217 E-Mail: asastdsaip.org 2002 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not b
19、e reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acousti
20、cal Society of America. These materials are subject to copyright claims of ISO, IEC, ANSI, and ASA. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). All requests perta
21、ining to this standard should be submitted to the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). iContents 1 Scope.1 2 Normative references.1 3 Definitions 2 4 Symbols and subscripts.2 4.1 Symbols 2 4.2 Subscripts.2 5 Vibration measurement3 5.1 General.3 5.2 Direction of measurement 3 5.3 Location of measurem
22、ent.4 5.4 General requirements for signal conditioning.5 5.5 Duration of measurement .5 5.6 Reporting of vibration conditions 6 6 Vibration evaluation .6 6.1 Basic evaluation method using weighted root-mean-square acceleration.6 6.2 Applicability of the basic evaluation method.7 6.3 Additional evalu
23、ation of vibration when the basic evaluation method is not sufficient.7 6.4 Frequency weighting 11 6.5 Combining vibrations in more than one direction .14 6.6 Guide to the use of the vibration evaluation methods 14 7 Health.15 7.1 Application 15 7.2 Evaluation of the vibration 15 7.3 Guidance on the
24、 effects of vibration on health.16 8 Comfort and perception .16 8.1 Application 16 8.2 Comfort .16 8.3 Perception.18 8.4 Guidance on the effects of vibration on perception and comfort19 9 Motion sickness .19 9.1 Application 19 ii 9.2 Evaluation of the vibration 19 9.3 Guidance on the effects of vibr
25、ation on the incidence of motion sickness.20 Annex A Mathematical definition of the frequency weightings.21 Annex B Guide to the effects of vibration on health.24 Annex C Guide to the effects of vibration on comfort and perception .27 Annex D Guide to the effects of vibration on the incidence of mot
26、ion sickness 30 Annex E Bibliography.32 Tables Table 1 Guide for the application of frequency-weighting curves for principal weightings 2 Table 2 Guide for the application of frequency-weighting curves for additional weighting factors 3 Table 3 Principal frequency weightings in one-third octaves 7 T
27、able 4 Additional frequency weightings in one-third octaves .9 Table A.1 Parameters of the transfer functions of the principal frequency weightings 21 Table A.2 Parameters of the transfer functions of the additional frequency weightings 21 Figures Figure 1 Basicentric axes of the human body .4 Figur
28、e 2 Frequency weighting curves for principal weightings.12 Figure 3 Frequency weighting curves for additional weightings.13 Figure B.1 Health guidance caution zones.25 iiiForeword This foreword is not part of the Nationally Adopted International Standard (NAIS), Mechanical vibration and shock Evalua
29、tion of human exposure to whole body vibration Part 1: General requirements, ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1:1997 (formerly ANSI S3.18-2002 / ISO 2631-1:1997). This Nationally Adopted International Standard (NAIS) comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use
30、in work related to human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock. It has been adopted by the American National Standards Institute utilizing the Accredited Standards Committee Procedures, under the Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics,
31、under whose jurisdiction this NAIS was adopted, had the following scope at that time: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics, shock, and vibration which pertain to
32、biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This Standard is identical to International Standard ISO 2631-1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole body vibration, which was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 4
33、, Human exposure to Mechanical vibration and shock. However, in conformance with ANSI and ISO rules, decimal points were substituted in place of the commas used in ISO documents, the words “American National Standard“ replace the words “International Standard“ where they appear in the ISO document,
34、and an informational footnote has been added on page 1. In 2004, work related to human exposure to mechanical vibration and shock was transferred to Accredited Standards Committee S2, Mechanical Vibration and Shock. Five approved S3 standards were transferred to S2 at that time and were redesignated
35、 and republished as they each came up for reaffirmation in the normal standards cycle. This redesignation of ANSI S3.18-2002 / ISO 2631-1:1997 is taking place under this process. No substantive changes have been made to the approved 2002 text, except as noted in the preceding paragraph. The ANSI equ
36、ivalent for an ISO standard referenced herein is given below: ANSI S2.1-2000/ISO 2041:1990 is an identical national adoption of ISO 2041:1990. At the time this NAIS was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, for final approval, the membership was as follows: R. F. Burkard, Cha
37、irman J. Franks, Vice Chairman S. B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America R. F. Burkard J. Franks (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology .L. Shotland D. A. Fabry (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. R. A. Dobie L. A. Michael (Alt.) iv American Industrial H
38、ygiene Association .J. Banach D. Driscoll (Alt.) American Otological Society R. F. Naunton American Speech-Hearing-Language Association (ASHA) G. Linn . R. Levinson (Alt.) Audio Engineering Society . D. Queen .M. R. Chial (Alt.) Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC)
39、R. D. Bruce .E. H. Berger (Alt.) Caterpillar, Inc D. Roley K. G. Meitl (Alt.) Hearing Industries Association.R. Scicluna . C. M. Rogin (Alt.) Howard Leight Industries . V. Larson E. Woo (Alt.) International Safety Equipment AssociationJ. Birkner J. C. Bradley (Alt.) MAICO . S. Savre D. Speidel (Alt.
40、) National Hearing Aid Society R. Giles National Institute of Standards and Technology V. Nedzelnitsky . R. Wagner (Alt.) Power Tool Institute S. Broadbent J. Nosko (Alt.) U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Lab .W. Ahroon D. Ostler (Alt.) U.S. Army CERL . L. Pater U.S. Army Human Research experience, ex
41、pectation, arousal and motivation (e.g. difficulty of task to be performed); body posture; activities (e.g. driver or passenger); financial involvement 6 Vibration evaluation 6.1 Basic evaluation method using weighted root-mean-square acceleration The vibration evaluation according to this part of I
42、SO 2631 shall always include measurements of the weighted root-mean-square (r.m.s.) acceleration, as defined in this subclause. The weighted r.m.s. acceleration is expressed in meters per second squared (m/s2) for translational vibration and radians per second squared (rad/s2) for rotational vibrati
43、on. The weighted r.m.s. acceleration shall be calculated in accordance with the following equation or its equivalents in the frequency domain ()122ww01dTaatT=(1) where ()wat is the weighted acceleration (translational or rotational) as a function of time (time history), in meters per second squared
44、(m/s2) or radians per second squared (rad/s2), respectively; T is the duration of the measurement, in seconds. Frequency-weighting curves recommended and/or used for the various directions and their applications are listed in tables 1 and 2 and discussed in the following subclauses and in annexes B,
45、 C and D. ANSI S2.72-2002/Part 1 / ISO 2631-1:1997 (Formerly ANSI S3.18-2002 ISO 2631-1:1997) Acoustical Society of America 2002 All rights reserved 7Numerical values of the weighting curves are given in tables 3 and 4 and exact definitions are given in annex A. 6.2 Applicability of the basic evalua
46、tion method 6.2.1 Definition of crest factor For the purposes of this part of ISO 2631 the crest factor is defined as the modulus of the ratio of the maximum instantaneous peak value of the frequency-weighted acceleration signal to its r.m.s. value. The peak value shall be determined over the durati
47、on of measurement (see 5.5), i.e. the time period T used for the integration of the r.m.s. value (see 6.1). NOTE The crest factor does not necessarily indicate the severity of vibration (see 6.3). 6.2.2 Applicability of the basic evaluation method for vibration with high crest factors The crest fact
48、or may be used to investigate if the basic evaluation method is suitable for describing the severity of the vibration in relation to its effects on human beings. For vibration with crest factors below or equal to 9, the basic evaluation method is normally sufficient. Subclause 6.3 defines methods ap
49、plicable when the basic evaluation method is not sufficient. NOTE For certain types of vibrations, especially those containing occasional shocks, the basic evaluation method may underestimate the severity with respect to discomfort even when the crest factor is not greater than 9. In cases of doubt it is therefore recommended to use and report additional evaluations also for crest factors less than or equal to 9 according to 6 3. Subclause 6.3.3 indicates ratios between magnitudes evaluated by the additional methods and the basic method,
