1、 ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 (Revision of ANSI S3.35-2004) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Method of Measurement of Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids Under Simulated Real-Ear Working Conditions Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics Standards SecretariatAcoustical Society of America 35 Pinelaw
2、n Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 Reaffirmed by ANSI May 21, 2015 The American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international stand
3、ards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of acoustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 Revision of ANSI S3.35-2004 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Method of Measurement o
4、f Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids Under Simulated Real-Ear Working Conditions Secretariat Acoustical Society of America Approved February 25, 2010 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This standard describes techniques used to measure hearing aids under simulated cond
5、itions of real ear use. The need for such a standard arises from the importance of including the acoustical variations in the performance data that are caused when hearing aids are worn. For example, the diffraction of the body and head of a hearing aid wearer on incident sound can significantly cha
6、nge the input sound pressure to a hearing aid microphone. For the purpose of these measurements, a suitable manikin and ear simulator are used to represent a typical hearing aid wearer. Acoustical requirements of the test space as well as how the manikin is positioned with respect to the sound sourc
7、e are given. Two methods are presented by which to control the level of the incident sound field at the location of the hearing aid on the manikin during the testing. Procedures are provided to obtain the insertion gain, or the amount by which the hearing aid changes the eardrum sound pressure in th
8、e ear simulator of the manikin relative to that in the unaided condition. Procedures are also provided to obtain the directional response of the manikin as a function of azimuth and elevation of the sound source, with and without the assistance of a hearing aid, and to calculate the directivity inde
9、x from the directional response. The gains obtained with a hearing aid are distinguished by whether the unaided manikin gain is included in (simulated real-ear aided gain) or subtracted from (simulated insertion gain) the aided gain. ivAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society
10、of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizatio
11、ns with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute. These standards are developed and publis
12、hed as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the accredited Standards Committees operating in accordance with procedures approved by American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is responsible for de
13、veloping, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standard
14、s Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the ju
15、dgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a c
16、oncerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, o
17、r procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of A
18、merica ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2010 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial
19、 purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America.ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 v Contents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative
20、references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Test equipment . 6 4.1 Data acquisition . 6 4.2 Test space . 6 4.3 Sound source 7 4.4 Manikin 8 4.5 Ear simulator . 8 4.6 Equipment for the measurement of simulator sound pressure level . 8 4.7 Equipment for automatic sweep frequency recording . 9 4.8 Equ
21、ipment for measurement of free field sound pressure level . 9 4.9 Equipment for measurement of directional response . 9 5 Test conditions . 10 5.1 Choice of test point 10 5.2 Ambient conditions 10 5.3 Manikin 11 5.4 Location of the hearing aid 11 5.5 Normal operating conditions for the hearing aid w
22、hen no other conditions are prescribed 11 6 Measurements 12 6.1 General 12 6.2 Adjustment of the reference SPL 12 6.3 Simulated insertion gain 13 6.4 SREA90 measurements 14 6.5 Directional characteristics . 15 7 Charts . 20 7.1 Frequency response and directivity index charts 20 7.2 Directional respo
23、nse charts (polar plots). 20 Annex A (normative) Higher density measures of directional characteristics . 21 A.1 Introduction 21 Annex B (informative) Justification of directivity index measurement method 24 B.1 Introduction 24 B.2 Diffuse sound field . 26 B.3 Simulated diffuse sound field 26 Annex
24、C (informative) Directivity index averages 36 C.1 Introduction 36 C.2 Speech perception weighting 36 C.3 Unweighted average . 38 ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 vi Figures Figure 1 Manikin geometrical references 3 Figure 2 Coordinates for angles of azimuth and elevation . 4 Figure 3 Two examples of positioning
25、equipment for the measurement of directional response 10 Figure 4 Example of connection of hearing aid sound outlet to the ear simulator . 12 Figure 5 Locations of sound sources in the frame of reference of the manikin. . 15 Figure 6 An example polar plot of directional response . 20 Figure B.1 Free
26、-field responses of linear directional arrays up to second-order. The free-field directional response is symmetric about the measurement axis. 24 Figure B.2 Calculated directional response of microphone arrays in close proximity to a rigid sphere the approximate diameter of a human head. The arrays
27、are located on the right side of the sphere ( = 90), oriented parallel to the measurement axis ( = 0). . 25 Figure B.3 An array of sound sources in the reference plane 27 Figure B.4 Errors in simulated real-ear aided directivity index using assumed symmetry . 28 Figure B.5 Examples of geometric soli
28、ds which produce uniform source distributions 28 Figure B.6 Aligned-zone array 29 Figure B.7 Worst-case zone-array error for omnidirectional microphone . 30 Figure B.8 Worst-case zone-array error for first-order array 30 Figure B.9 Worst case zone-array error for second-order array 31 Figure B.10 Me
29、asured difference in SREADI when measured using a high density reference source array and recommended 48 source semi-aligned array 32 Figure B.11 Effect of elevation error in aiming the hearing aid 33 Figure B.12 Error in second-order cardioid directivity index due to directional array aiming error
30、and source elevation errors . 34 Figure B.13 Error in 5 microphone array directivity index due to directional array aiming error and source elevation errors . 35 Tables Table 1 Elevation and azimuth angles and power weights for calculating the directivity index . 17 Table A.1 Power weights for sever
31、al increments of elevation angle 23 Table C.1 Weights for calculating articulation index or speech intelligibility index weighted directivity index . 37 ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 vii Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S3.35 2010 Ame
32、rican National Standard Method of Measurement of Performance Characteristics of Hearing Aids Under Simulated Real-Ear Working Conditions. This standard comprises one part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in bioacoustics. It was developed and approved by Accredited Sta
33、ndards Committee S3 Bioacoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S3 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measurement and test, and terminol
34、ogy in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics, shock and vibration, which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This standard is a revision of ANSI S3.35-2004, which has been technically revised. The 2004 edition was amended to
35、include methods of measuring the directional response due to sound from various elevation and azimuth angles of incidence, both in an unaided manikin ear and in a simulated aided real ear, and the calculation of the directivity index from a spherical integration of the directional response. The dire
36、ctivity index is considered to be of value in predicting the speech intelligibility performance of hearing aids in noisy situations. This 20XX edition has been revised in Annex B to describe the directional arrays used to justify the directivity index measurement method specified in this standard an
37、d to improve some graphics. This standard is comparable to IEC/TR 60118-8:2003. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics for approval, the membership was as follows: C.A. Champlin, Chair D.A. Preves, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Soci
38、ety of America . C.A. Champlin . M.D. Burkhard (Alt.) American Academy of Audiology . .D. Ostergren . S. Gordon-Salant (Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. .R.A. Dobie . L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . T.K. Madison D. Driscoll (Alt.) Am
39、erican Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) . L.A. Wilber V. Gladstone (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound S. Petrovic Council for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) . L.D. Hager J.A. Mann (Alt.) ETS Lindgren Acoustic Systems . S. Dunlap . D. Winker (Alt.) ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 vii
40、i Etymotic Research, Inc. . M.C. Killion Food and Drug Administration J.K. Kane . S-C Peng (Alt.) Frye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Frye K.E. Frye (Alt.) G.R.A.S. Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 x Introduction Measuring methods that take into account the acoustical infl
41、uence of the wearer on the performance of hearing aids are important, particularly when the results are to be used to assist in the fitting of hearing aids. The information obtained using this document is likely to be more relevant to the fitting of hearing aids than that provided by specification d
42、ocuments such as ANSI/ASA S3.22-2009. The methods specified in this document require a device such as a manikin to simulate the presence of the wearer. ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 Acoustical Society of America 2010 All rights reserved 1American National Standard Method of Measurement of Performance Characte
43、ristics of Hearing Aids Under Simulated Real-Ear Working Conditions 1 Scope The purpose of this standard is to describe test methods which include the acoustical effects of a simulated median adult wearer on the performance of a hearing aid. Measurements made under simulated real-ear aided working c
44、onditions may be divided into two classes: Direct simulated real-ear aided measurements, which determine the sound pressure developed by a hearing aid in an ear simulator for a given free-field input sound pressure. Insertion measurements, which determine the difference between the sound pressures d
45、eveloped in the ear simulator with and without a hearing aid in place. Such measurements attempt to determine the actual acoustical assistance that a hearing aid gives to a user. The test methods described in this document are not intended for quality control. The results obtained under simulated re
46、al-ear aided conditions may differ substantially from results obtained on an individual person due to anatomical and physiological variations of heads, torsos, pinnae, ear canals, and eardrums. The methods recommended in this standard give information on the measurement of the following parameters t
47、hat are considered important for the evaluation of the performance of a hearing aid as normally worn, and for which simulated real-ear aided conditions are considered essential: insertion gain real-ear aided output sound-pressure level for 90 dB input sound-pressure level directional characteristics
48、. Test methods described in this standard are conducted with hearing aids set in linear, non-adaptive, mode. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
49、 the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ANSI/ASA S3.35-2010 2 ANSI S1.1 American National Standard Acoustical Terminology ANSI S1.6-1984 (R2006) American National Standard Preferred Frequencies, Frequency Levels, and Band Numbers for Acoustical Measurements ANSI S1.22-1992 (R2007) American National Standard Scales and Sizes for Frequency Characteristics and Polar Diagrams in Acoustics ANSI/ASA S3.22-2009 American National Standard Specification of Hearing Aid Characteristics ANSI
