1、ANSI/ASA S3.55-2014/Part 1 / IEC 60318-1:2009 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Electroacoustics Simulators of Human Head and Ear Part 1: Ear Simulator for the Measurement of Supra-Aural and Circumaural Earphones (a nationally adopted international standard) Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Appro
2、ved on January 21, 2014 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract ANSI/ASA S3.55-2014 / IEC 60318-1:2009 specifies an ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones (used for example in audiometry and telephonometry) applied to the ear without acoustical le
3、akage, in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. The same device can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies up to 16 kHz. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON BIOACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoust
4、ics, S2 on Mechanical Vibration and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives
5、). The standards are published by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful
6、 to the public, industry, and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards S
7、ecretariat administers Committee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secr
8、etariat arranges for their publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by d
9、irectly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standar
10、d is completely voluntary. Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may
11、 be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telepho
12、ne: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax: 1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2014 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1
13、976, without prior written permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. These materials are subject to copyright claims of IEC and ASA. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electro
14、nic retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to the Acoustical Society of America. 2014 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved i Contents 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative referenc
15、es 1 3 Terms and definitions 1 4 Construction . 2 4.1 General . 2 4.2 Tolerances 5 4.3 Static pressure equalization . 5 4.4 Calibrated pressure-type microphone 5 4.5 Material . 6 4.6 Measurement plane 6 4.7 Acoustic transfer impedance 6 5 Coupling of earphone to ear simulator 6 5.1 Supra-aural earph
16、ones . 6 5.2 Circumaural earphones 8 6 Calibration 8 6.1 Reference environmental conditions 8 6.2 Method of calibration 8 7 Maximum permitted expanded uncertainty of measurements . 9 Annex A (informative) Lumped parameter electrical network analogue of the ear simulator . 10 Annex B (informative) Ex
17、ample of one specific design of ear simulator 12 B.1 General . 12 B.2 Adapter for use with circumaural earphones 13 B.3 Configuration using the adapter . 14 Annex C (informative) Measurement method for the determination of the acoustical transfer impedance of the ear simulator . 16 C.1 Measurement m
18、ethod 16 C.2 Measurement uncertainty . 19 Tables Table 1 Specification for the acoustic transfer impedance level 7 Table 2 Values of Umax for basic measurements . 9 2014 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved ii Table C.1 Typical components of measurement uncertainty in the measurement of
19、 acoustic transfer impedance . 19 Figures Figure 1 Schematic cross-section of the ear simulator configured for supra-aural earphones. 3 Figure 2 Schematic cross-section of the ear simulator configured for circumaural earphones 4 Figure A.1 Analogue electrical network 10 Figure A.2 Level of impedance
20、 modulus of the electrical analogue network . 11 Figure A.3 Phase of the impedance of the electrical analogue network 11 Figure B.1 Example of one specific design of ear simulator 12 Figure B.2 Adapter for use with circumaural earphones 13 Figure B.3 Conical ring . 14 Figure B.4 Configuration when u
21、sing the adapter and the conical ring . 15 Figure C.1 Key elements of measurement system 17 Figure C.2 Transmitter microphone adapter to couple a transmitter microphone to the ear simulator . 18 2014 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iii Foreword This Foreword is for information only
22、, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S3.55-2014/Part 1 / IEC 60318-1:2009 American National Standard Electroacoustics Simulators of Human Head and Ear Part 1: Ear Simulator for the Measurement of Supra-aural and Circumaural Earphones. As such, this Foreword may contain mate
23、rial that has not been subjected to public review or a consensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the standard. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in bioacoustics. It was developed and app
24、roved by Accredited Standards Committee S3, Bioacoustics, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S3 is as follows: Standards, specifications, methods of measuremen
25、t and test, and terminology in the fields of psychological and physiological acoustics, including aspects of general acoustics which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. This standard is a nationally adopted international standard (NAIS). It was undertaken as part of the revision of
26、ANSI/ASA S3.7-1995 (R2008), Method for Coupler Calibration of Earphones, which, in addition to coupler calibration methods, contains detailed information about the audiometric ear, the 6cc coupler, and the 2cc coupler. Several years ago, IEC 60318 was reorganized into several parts, which now includ
27、e the same information about the aforementioned couplers (IEC 60318, Parts 1, 3, and 5, respectively). Given that the manufacture of these couplers has changed little if at all in more than 25 years, the fact that the IEC and ANSI/ASA specifications for these couplers are essentially identical, and
28、the fact that manufacturers of these couplers do not produce different versions of the devices to meet alternative versions of the standards, harmonization was deemed appropriate. The first step in this process has been the move of the detailed coupler specifications from the previous version of ANS
29、I/ASA S3.7 to NAIS ANSI/ASA S3.55, Parts 1, 3, and 5, which correspond directly to their IEC 60318 counterparts. References in other standards that previously pointed to ANSI/ASA S3.7 for a particular coupler will now point to the appropriate NAIS ANSI/ASA S3.55 part instead, as these documents get
30、revised and updated. The next revision of ANSI/ASA S3.7 will focus solely on the calibration methods for earphones, and will also point to the appropriate NAIS ANSI/ASA S3.55 part, where the detailed coupler information now resides. This standard is an identical national adoption of IEC 60318-1 Ed.
31、2.0 b:2009 Electroacoustics Simulators of human head and ear Part 1: Ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones, which was prepared by IEC/TC 29. However, in conformance with ANSI and IEC rules, the words “this part of ANSI/ASA S3.55 / IEC 60318” replace the words “th
32、is part of IEC 60318” where they appear in the IEC document, decimal points were substituted in place of the decimal commas used in IEC documents, and American English spelling is used in place of British English spelling. At the time this Standard was submitted to Accredited Standards Committee S3,
33、 Bioacoustics, for approval, the membership was as follows: C.J. Struck, Chair Vacant, Vice-Chair S.B. Blaeser, Secretary Acoustical Society of America .C.J. Struck M.D. Burkhard (Alt.) 2014 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved iv American Academy of Audiology C. Schweitzer T. Ricketts
34、(Alt.) American Academy of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inc. . R.A. Dobie . L.A. Michael (Alt.) American Industrial Hygiene Association . T.K. Madison D. Driscoll (Alt.) American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) . L.A. Wilber . N. DiSarno (Alt.) Beltone/GN Resound S. Petrovic Cou
35、ncil for Accreditation in Occupational Hearing Conservation (CAOHC) . L.D. Hager ETS Lindgren Acoustic Systems . S. Dunlap . D. Winker (Alt.) Etymotic Research, Inc. M.C. Killion . J.K. Stewart (Alt.) Food and Drug Administration . S-C Peng Frye Electronics, Inc. G.J. Frye K.E. Frye (Alt.) G.R.A.S.
36、Sound FAX: 631-390-0217; E-mail: asastdsaip.org. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/ASA S3.55-2014/Part 1 / IEC 60318-1:2009 2014 Acoustical Society of America All rights reserved 1 American National Standard Electroacoustics Simulators of Human Head and Ear Part 1: Ear Simulator for the Measurement of
37、 Supra-aural and Circumaural Earphones 1 Scope This part of ANSI/ASA S3.55 / IEC 60318 specifies an ear simulator for the measurement of supra-aural and circumaural earphones (used for example in audiometry and telephonometry) applied to the ear without acoustical leakage, in the frequency range fro
38、m 20 Hz to 10 kHz. The same device can be used as an acoustic coupler at additional frequencies up to 16 kHz. NOTE 1 This device has alternative configurations for supra-aural earphones and different types of circumaural earphones. In practice, the alternative configurations can be realized through
39、the use of adapters where necessary. NOTE 2 Repeatability for supra-aural and circumaural earphones may get significantly worse above 10 kHz. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited
40、 applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 61094-4, Measurement microphones Part 4: Specifications for working standard microphones ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertain
41、ty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 ear simulator device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the source so that
42、 the overall acoustic impedance of the device approximates that of the normal human ear at a given location and in a given frequency band 3.2 acoustic coupler device for measuring the acoustic output of sound sources where the sound pressure is measured by a calibrated microphone coupled to the sour
43、ce by a cavity of predetermined shape and volume which does not necessarily approximate the acoustical impedance of the normal human ear 3.3 supra-aural earphone earphone applied externally to the outer ear and intended to rest on the pinna ANSI/ASA S3.55-2014/Part 1 / IEC 60318-1:2009 2014 Acoustic
44、al Society of America All rights reserved 2 3.4 circumaural earphone earphone which encloses the pinna and rests on the surrounding surface of the head NOTE Contact with the head is normally maintained by compliant cushions. Circumaural earphones may touch but not significantly compress the pinna. 3
45、.5 acoustic impedance at a specified surface, quotient of the sound pressure by volume velocity through the surface NOTE Unit: Pasm3. 3.6 acoustic transfer impedance of the ear simulator quotient of the sound pressure acting on the diaphragm of the microphone by volume velocity through the planar su
46、rface bounded by the upper rim of the ear simulator NOTE Unit: Pasm3. 3.7 level of acoustic transfer impedance ten times the logarithm to the base of ten of the quotient of the absolute value (modulus) of the squared acoustic transfer impedance of the ear simulator by the squared reference acoustic
47、transfer impedance of one pascal second per cubic meter (Pasm3) NOTE Unit: decibel (dB). 4 Construction 4.1 General The measurements of supra-aural and circumaural earphones each require the ear simulator to have a different external configuration. Apart from this, the remaining specifications apply
48、 to both types of earphone. For supra-aural earphones the coupling surface of the ear simulator has sloped sides to match the shape of the earphone cushions. For circumaural earphones, a flat coupling surface is specified to suit the variety of earphone designs that may be encountered. Figure 1 show
49、s the ear simulator configuration for supra-aural earphones and Figure 2 shows that for circumaural earphones. Internally, the ear simulator is composed of three acoustically coupled cavities. The primary cavity is conical in shape and houses the microphone at its lower surface. The key dimensions of the primary cavity and the acoustical compliances of each cavity are specified in Figure 1 (and replicated in Figure 2). The secondary cavities are coupled to the primary cavity by elements having acoustica
