1、AECMA STANDARD NORME AECMA AECMA NORM prEN 2002-1 Edition P 3 August 2004 PUBLISHED BY THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES - STANDARDIZATION Gulledelle 94 - B-1200 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8110 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8111 - www.aecma-stan.orgICS: Supersedes edition P 2 March 1996 Descripto
2、rs: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace series Metallic materials Test methods Part 1: Tensile testing at ambient temperature Srie arospatiale Matriaux mtalliques Mthodes dessais applicables Partie 1: Essais de traction temprature ambiante Luft- und Raumfahrt Metallische Werkstoffe Prfverfahren Teil 1: Zugver
3、such bei Raumtemperatur This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of AECMA-STAN (The European Association of Aerospace Industries - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts
4、 of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by u
5、sers and formal agreement of AECMA-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the
6、EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 31 August 2004 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to AECMA-STAN Metallic Material Domain Copyright 2004 by AECMA-STAN Page 2 p
7、rEN 2002-1:2004Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of AECMA-STANs Metallic Material Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of AECMA-STAN defined in AECMA-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publ
8、ication. Contents Page 0 Introduction . 3 1 Scope 3 2 References 3 3 Definitions . 3 4 Health and safety. 6 5 Principle. 6 6 Testing requirements . 6 7 Test report. 11 Annex A (normative) Types of test piece to be used for sheet and strip with thickness less than 8 mm 13 Annex B (normative) Types of
9、 non-machined test piece to be used in the case of bar, section and wire with a diameter or thickness less than or equal to 8 mm 15 Annex C (normative) Types of machined test piece to be used in the case of bar, section, plate and wire with diameter or thickness greater than 8 mm and for forgings an
10、d castings. 16 Annex D (normative) Types of test piece to be used in the case of tubes 19 Page 3 prEN 2002-1:20040 Introduction This standard is part of the series of EN metallic material standards for aerospace applications. The general organization of this series is described in EN 4258. 1 Scope T
11、his standard specifies the requirements for the tensile testing of metallic materials at ambient temperature for aerospace applications. It shall be applied when referred to in the EN technical specification or material standard unless otherwise specified on the drawing, order or inspection schedule
12、. 2 References This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of an
13、y of the publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendments or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. 2.1 Normative references EN 4258, Aerospace series Metallic materials General organization of standardizatio
14、n Links between types of EN standards and their use EN 4259, Aerospace series Metallic materials Definition of general terms 1)EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/ compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-me
15、asuring system EN ISO 9513, Metallic materials Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing 2.2 Informative references ASTM E-1012, Standard practice for verification of specimen alignment under tensile loading 2)3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions app
16、ly: 3.1 General terms See EN 4259. 1) Published as AECMA Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard 2) This standard is published by: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA Page 4 prEN 2002-1:20043.2 Other terms Ot
17、her terms are given in Table 1. Table 1 Definitions - Other terms Symbol Unit Term Definition - - Test piece The portion of the test sample on which the tensile test is carried out - - Proportional test pieces A test piece with an original gauge length (L0) having a specified relationship to the squ
18、are root of the cross-sectional area (S0). The proportionality coefficient, K, has the internationally recognised value of 5,65 for test pieces of circular cross-section. The gauge length of a proportional test piece is therefore equal to 5,650S . Certain material standards use proportional test pie
19、ces with other than the 5,65 proportionality coefficient. In this case, see Axfor the percentage elongation symbol used. - - Non-proportional test piece A test piece where the original gauge length is independent of the cross-sectional area - mm Extension The increase of the extensometer gauge lengt
20、h (Le) at any moment during the test - MPa Limit of proportionality The stress at which the stress-strain (or force-extension) relationship deviates from a straight line A % Percentage elongation (proportional test piece) NOTE: For non-standard proportional test piece, see Ax.Elongation after fractu
21、re expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (L0) for a proportional test piece with an original gauge length of L0 = 5,650S . A = 00uLLL 100 AL0% Percentage elongation (non-proportional test piece) Elongation after fracture expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length (L0) fo
22、r a non-proportional test piece with an original gauge length of L0. For a non-proportional test piece, the original gauge length is given in millimetres, e.g. A50mm. AL0= 00uLLL 100Ax% Percentage elongation (non standard proportional test piece) Elongation after fracture expressed as a percentage o
23、f original gauge length (L0) for a non-standard proportional test piece with an original gauge length of L0= x (e.g.: A4D) A non-standard proportional test piece is one in which the proportionality coefficient has a value other than 5,65. In the example above the gauge length is four times the diame
24、ter, equivalent to a proportionality coefficient of 4,51. a mm Test piece thickness Thickness of a test piece of rectangular cross-section or wall thickness of a tube b mm Test piece width Width of test pieces of rectangular cross-section, average width of the longitudinal strip taken from a tube or
25、 width of a flat wire D mm Tube external diameter External diameter of a tube continued Page 5 prEN 2002-1:2004Table 1 Definitions - Other terms (concluded) Symbol Unit Term Definition d mm Test piece diameter Diameter of the parallel length of a circular test piece or diameter of round wire or inte
26、rnal diameter of a tube E GPa Youngs modulus of elasticity The value of the increment in stress divided by the corresponding increment in strain for the straight portion of the stress-strain (or force-extension) diagram FmN Maximum force The greatest force which the test piece withstands during the
27、test L mm Gauge length The length of the cylindrical or prismatic portion of the test piece on which elongation is measured Lcmm Parallel length The length of the reduced section of the parallel portion of the test piece. The concept of parallel length is replaced by the concept of distance between
28、grips for non-machined test pieces. Lemm Extensometer gauge length The length of the parallel portion of the test piece used for the measurement of extension by means of an extensometer at any moment during the test. This length may differ from L0but can be of any value greater than b, d or D (see a
29、bove) but shall be less than the parallel length (Lc). It is recommended that the extensometer gauge length is as large as possible. L0mm Original gauge length The gauge length before the application of force Ltmm Test piece length Total length of test piece Lumm Final gauge length The gauge length
30、after fracture of the test piece Lu-L0mm Elongation Elongation after fracture. The permanent increase in the original gauge length (L0) after fracture. RmMPa Tensile strength The maximum force (Fm) divided by the original cross-sectional area (S0) of the test piece RpMPa Proof stress The stress at w
31、hich a non-proportional extension is equal to a specified percentage of the extensometer gauge length (Le) (see Figure 1). The symbol used is followed by a suffix giving the prescribed percentage of the original gauge length for example: Rp0,2r mm Test piece transition radius Radius at ends of paral
32、lel length S0mm2Original cross-sectional area Original cross-sectional area of the parallel length Summ2Minimum cross-sectional area Minimum cross-sectional area of test piece after fracture Z % Percentage reduction of area after fracture The maximum decrease of the cross-sectional area (S0 Su) expr
33、essed as a percentage of the original cross-sectional area (S0) i.e Z = 00 uSSS 100 - Strain The extension of any moment during the test divided by the original gauge length (L0) of the test piece MPa Stress The force at any moment during the test divided by the original cross-section area (S0) of t
34、he test piece C Specified temperature The temperature at which the test is to be carried out Page 6 prEN 2002-1:20044 Health and safety Resources, test pieces, test samples, test materials, test equipment and test procedures shall comply with the current health and safety regulations/laws of the cou
35、ntries where the test is to be carried out. Where materials and/or reagents that may be hazardous to health are specified, appropriate precautions in conformity with local regulations and/or laws shall be taken. 5 Principle The test involves straining a test piece by a tensile force at ambient tempe
36、rature to fracture for the purpose of determining one or more of, Youngs modulus of elasticity, proof stress, tensile strength, elongation, reduction of area. 6 Testing requirements 6.1 Resources 6.1.1 Equipment/plant 6.1.1.1 Testing machine Testing machine accuracy shall be verified at intervals no
37、t exceeding 12 months in accordance with EN ISO 7500-1 and shall be certified to class 1 or better. Its design shall permit automatic loading alignment. The loading system alignment shall be checked at least annually with a strain-gauged test piece. The difference between the recorded maximum and mi
38、nimum strains shall not exceed 10 % of the mean strain at an appropriate verification force relative to the forces expected during a subsequent series of tests. Reference may be made to ASTM E1012 for a verification method. It may be computer controlled and capable of automatic calculation and recor
39、ding of Youngs modulus of elasticity, proof stress, tensile strength and elongation. 6.1.1.2 Extensometer The extensometer accuracy shall be verified at intervals not exceeding 12 months in accordance with EN ISO 9513 and shall be certified for determination of: Youngs modulus of elasticity to class
40、 0,5 or better and a type that is capable of measuring extension on both sides of a test piece and allows readings to be averaged is preferred. proof stress to class 1 or better. 6.1.1.3 Grips Grips shall consist of screwed holders, shouldered holders, wedge pieces, pin grips or other means such tha
41、t the tensile test force is applied axially. The use of screwed holders is recommended and shall be mandatory in case of dispute. Grips for tubes may, in addition, use plugs that shall be of: an appropriate diameter in order to be gripped at both ends; a length at least equal to that of the grips an
42、d may project beyond the grips for a maximum length equal to the external diameter of the tube; a shape that shall have no effect on the deformation of the gauge length. Page 7 prEN 2002-1:20046.1.2 Materials/reagents Materials/reagents may include suitable: degreasing fluids; recording paper; means
43、 of electronic recording, if appropriate; marking inks. 6.1.3 Qualification of personnel Testing to the requirements of this test method shall only be undertaken and/or supervised by personnel who have demonstrated their competence by a suitable education or appropriate training and experience. Such
44、 competence shall be documented in an appropriate form. 6.2 Test samples/test pieces 6.2.1 Shape and dimensions The shape and dimensions of the test piece depend on the shape and dimensions of the metallic product and the mechanical properties which are to be determined. Where sufficient material is
45、 available the test piece shall be obtained by machining a sample from the product in accordance with Annex A, C or D. However, product of constant cross-section (section, bar and wire in accordance with Annex B) may be subjected to test without being machined. A machined test piece shall incorporat
46、e a transition radius between the gripped ends and the parallel length if these have different dimensions. The dimensions and tolerances and the transition radius of a test piece shall be in accordance with the appropriate annex (see 6.2.2). The gripped ends may be of any shape to suit the grips of
47、the testing machine (see 6.3.3). The parallel length (Lc) or, in the case where the test piece has no transition radius, the free length between the grips, shall always be greater than the original gauge length (L0). 6.2.2 Types The main types of test piece are given in Annexes A to D according to t
48、he shape and type of product as shown in Table 2. Table 2 Product types Type of product Corresponding annex Sheet and strip A Bar, section and wire of diameter or thickness 8 mm B Bar, section, plate and wire of diameter or thickness 8 mm and for forgings and castings C Tubes DPage 8 prEN 2002-1:200
49、46.2.3 Preparation of test pieces Machining, if required, shall be carried out at ambient temperature in accordance with a machining procedure. Precautions shall be taken to minimize superficial cold working, appreciable heating of the part or surface irregularities that could affect the results of the test. The surface finish of the parallel length shall have a Ra value not exceeding 0,8 m. In the case of material with an elongation specified in the material standard to be less than 10 %, tensile test
