1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 2954-001 Edition P 1 April 2009 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONAvenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Ae
2、rospace series Macrostructure of titanium and titanium alloy wrought products Part 001: General requirements Srie arospatiale Macrostructure de produits corroys en titane et en alliages de titane Partie 001 : Exigences gnrales Luft- und Raumfahrt Makrostruktur von geschmiedeten Erzeugnissen aus Tita
3、n und Titanlegierungen Teil 001: Allgemeine Anforderungen This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It ha
4、s been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the s
5、tandard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement
6、 the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 15 April 2009 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Metallic Material Domain
7、Copyright 2009 by ASD-STAN prEN 2954-001:2009 2 Contents Page Foreword2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Sampling.3 4 Preparation of samples for examination .3 5 Examination4 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Metallic Material Domain. After inqu
8、iries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 2954-001:2009 3 1 Scope This standard specifies the conditions for the macrographic examination of titanium and titanium alloy b
9、ar, section, forging stock and forgings. Specific macrostructures are defined in EN 2954-002. This standard shall be applied in conjunction with EN material standards and technical specifications, which define the acceptance criteria unless otherwise specified on the order. 2 Normative references Th
10、e following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 2954-002, Aerospace series Macrostructure of tit
11、anium and titanium alloy wrought products Part 002: Macrostructure of bar, section, forging stock and forgings. 1)3 Sampling Sampling and its frequency is defined in the relevant material standard, technical specification or order. Samples shall be at least 10 mm thick. Unless otherwise agreed, samp
12、les from bar, section and forging stock must be cut in the transverse direction. For forgings, the sampling location is specified in the inspection schedule. Samples shall preferably be taken by sawing. Cold-work hardened zones shall be avoided or removed. If the sample material is taken by abrasive
13、 cut-off or flame cutting, the resulting heat affected zone shall be removed completely in the course of sample preparation. 4 Preparation of samples for examination 2)4.1 Surface preparation The sample surface to be examined shall be prepared by turning, planing, milling, grinding and/or polishing
14、to ensure that the macrostructure is clearly detectable after etching. A surface finish of Ra 2 m is recommended. 4.2 Etchants Unless otherwise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer, the following etchant solution shall be used: Nitric acid + hydrofluoric acid (HNO3+ HF) + water; 40 Vol. % nitri
15、c acid (65 %, d = 1,365); + 8 Vol. % hydrofluoric acid (40 %, d = 1,13); + water. All equipment coming into contact with the etchant shall be made from acid resistant materials such as PVC. Baths shall be covered when not in use. They shall only be used for macro-etching and their composition shall
16、be checked periodically. It is recommended that all operations are carried out under fume extraction. 1) Published as ASD Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard. 2) Relevant official safety regulations shall be taken into account. prEN 2954-001:20094 4.3 Macro-etching Macro-etching
17、shall be carried out as follows: a) the sample shall be carefully cleaned of adhering dirt, then degreased and rinsed in running water. b) the sample shall be etched in the etchant solution at temperature ambient until the macrostructure has been clearly developed. c) subsequently the sample shall b
18、e rinsed in running water and if required in a non-aqueous solvent such as ethanol, followed by drying in air. If a tarnish film appears, it may be removed by the use of the following solution: 2 Vol. % nitric acid (HNO3) (65 %, d = 1,365); 1 Vol. % hydrofluoric acid (HF) (40 %, d = 1,13); 50 Vol. % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (30 %); 47 Vol. % water. 5 Examination The visual examination shall be carried out in daylight or in artificial light of sufficient intensity (typically 2 000 lux). Normally examination shall be without magnification.
