1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 4632-001 Edition P 1 January 2007 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONGulledelle 94 - B-1200 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 763 3565 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace
2、series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 001: General requirements Srie arospatiale Assemblages souds et brass pour constructions arospatiales Soudabilit et brasabilit des matriaux Partie 001 : Gnralits Luft- und Raumfahrt Schwei-
3、 und Ltverbindungen fr die Luft- und Raumfahrt Schweibarkeitsgrad und Ltbarkeitsgrad von Werkstoffen Teil 001: Allgemeines This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is
4、published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affecte
5、d, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full Europe
6、an Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 31 January 2007 Comments should be sent within six months
7、after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Metallic Material Domain Copyright 2007 by ASD-STAN prEN 4632-001:20072 Contents Page Foreword2 Introduction .3 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Terms and definitions .3 4 Symbols, codes and abbreviations6 5 Responsibilities .9 6 How to use this standard
8、 9 7 Method of determining the degree of weldability and brazeability 9 Annex A (normative) Recommendations for brazing and diffusion assemblies. 10 Annex B (normative) Model sheet 15 Annex C (normative) Model sheet 16 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-ST
9、ANs Metallic Material Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 4632-001:20073 Introduction This standard is the Part 001 of a series of standards about
10、 welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions. 1 Scope This standard defines weldability and brazeability degrees for metallic materials used in aerospace construction, for processes and techniques involving welding and brazing but excluding soldering. It also defines rules to be observe
11、d to determine the degree of weldability and brazeability. It is applicable without any restriction for the manufacturing of new parts and repair parts. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the ed
12、ition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers. EN 515, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Wrought products Temper designations. EN 57
13、3-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Chemical composition and form of wrought products Part 3: Chemical composition. EN 10052, Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in Publications on Welding
14、 and Welding Applications and issued by the International Council of the French Language and the following apply. 3.1 Weldability 3.1.1 concept of weldability it is considered that a metallic material is weldable to a given degree, by a given process and for a given application type, when it can be
15、used to produce a weld provided that precautions corresponding to this degree are taken, and if the characteristics and consequences of the presence of the weld satisfy the required properties chosen as the basis for a judgment prEN 4632-001:20074 3.1.2 weldability degrees weldability of materials i
16、s evaluated according to the following four degrees: degree 1: material with very good weldability for which no special precautions are necessary. To be used in preference. degree 2: material with good weldability but which may require special precautions when welding (for example preheating, low ad
17、vance speed, etc.). degree 3: material with poor weldability requiring development for each part type and which may involve manufacturing uncertainties. Not to be recommended. degree 4: material with very bad weldability. To be avoided. 3.2 Brazeability 3.2.1 concept of brazeability it is considered
18、 that a metallic material is brazeable to a given degree, by a given process and for a given application type, when it can be used to produce brazing or a brazed-diffused joint, provided that precautions corresponding to this degree are taken, and if the characteristics and consequences of the prese
19、nce of the brazing satisfy the required properties chosen as the basis for a judgment 3.2.2 brazeability degrees brazeability of materials is evaluated according to the following four degrees: degree 1: material with very good brazeability for which no special precautions are necessary. To be used i
20、n preference. degree 2: material with good brazeability but which may require special precautions when brazing (for example electrolytic nickel flash before brazing, etc.). degree 3: material with poor brazeability requiring development for each part type and which may involve manufacturing uncertai
21、nties. Not to be recommended. degree 4: material with very bad brazeability. To be avoided. 3.3 Processes 3.3.1 welding and brazing the purpose of a welding operation is to make the material to be assembled continuous. In the case of a metallic material, continuity has to be achieved for the structu
22、re, but this does not necessarily imply homogeneity of the chemical composition (case of “heterogeneous“ welds or brazing). The result of the operation is called a weld when two previously distinct parts are assembled together. If the operation is restricted to the addition of extra material to a pa
23、rt, it is called filling. A weld may be made without any external filler material (case of resistance welding, etc.), or with filler material. For metallic materials, a filler metal with a grade similar to that of the base metal (homogeneous weld) or different to the base metal (heterogeneous weld)
24、may be used. In the case of a filler metal, the weld may be made in a single pass (one single pass of the heat source and the filler metal) or in several passes. Two major process categories can be distinguished: 1) welding or filling processes, with fusion of the edges of parts to be joined due to
25、the thermal effect, 2) assembly, brazing or diffusion welding processes, for which the production temperature is less than the solidus temperature of parts to be joined; in this case, intermetallic diffusion phenomena are preponderant: diffusion welding when the operation takes place in the solid ph
26、ase; brazing, when a liquid phase is obtained using a filler metal or is created in situ by metallurgical reaction. prEN 4632-001:20075 3.4 Technical terms 3.4.1 light alloy aluminum or magnesium based alloy 3.4.2 structural state state of the crystalline metal structure resulting from an appropriat
27、e treatment 3.4.3 fabrication execution of welding operations on new parts or parts being repaired 3.4.4 base material/metal material or metal from which elementary parts are made 3.4.5 elementary part single element that will be assembled with other elements to form a part 3.4.6 part - product asse
28、mbly composed of several assembled elementary parts 3.4.7 annealing at ambient temperature heat treatment, sometimes called maturation on light alloy 3.4.8 super alloy nickel or cobalt based alloy resistant to high temperatures 3.4.9 super-refractory metal or alloy based on W, Ta and Mo 3.4.10 heat
29、treatment treatment that will confer the required structural state and properties on the base material (see Clause 4, Symbols, codes and abbreviations) 3.5 General terms 3.5.1 manufacturer person who makes or fabricates and assembles elements or sub-assemblies to make assemblies from them 3.5.2 supp
30、lier person or holder of a contract or an order that he has accepted, and who makes a commitment to the customer to execute the services defined in the contract or the order 3.5.3 operator person who carries out welding operations using a mechanized or automated process prEN 4632-001:20076 3.5.4 pro
31、duction set of parts delivered within a given time period 3.5.5 recuperation act that consists of making a new part that was considered to be outside acceptable criteria initially or during its normal manufacturing and inspection cycle, acceptable. Recuperation may include a very wide variety of ope
32、rations such as acceptance in waiver, reworking of the part, etc. 3.5.6 repairer supplier in the repair activity domain 3.5.7 repair making a part that has been degraded during operation conform 3.5.8 series identical parts that are started in a same manufacturing campaign 3.5.9 competent services s
33、pecialized service within a company with specific tasks, for example: design office, quality service, laboratory, methods office 3.5.10 official monitoring services approved government authorities or organizations responsible for checking the conformity of materials with the definition file 4 Symbol
34、s, codes and abbreviations 4.1 Process classification The classification given below shows the coding according to standard EN ISO 4063 and the abbreviations for each process. The code is used in preference on drawings. See Tables 1 and 2. prEN 4632-001:20077 Table 1 Welding or filling processes wit
35、h melting Code Abbreviation with simple melting gas (torch) 3 oxyacetylene 311 OA other gasses electric arc coated electrodes 111 SMA TIG 141 TIG MIG 131 MIG MAG 135 MAG with plasma: high current 15 PAW micro plasma MPAW by electron beam 51 EBW under primary vacuum 511 EBWVP under secondary vacuum 5
36、11 EBWVS by laser beam 52 LW solid laser 521 SLW gas laser 522 GLW with melting and pressure by electric resistance 2 spot welding 21 RSW roller welding 22 RSEW spark welding 24 RFW with rotating arc 185 MAW Table 2 Assembly or filling processes with intermetallic diffusion Code Abbreviation welding
37、 in solid phase by friction 42 controlled CDFW inertial IFW by “friction stir“ (friction with a rotating tool) by diffusion by explosion 45 441 FSW DW EW continued prEN 4632-001:20078 Table 2 (concluded) Assembly or filling processes with intermetallic diffusion Code Abbreviation assemblies or filli
38、ng with transition through a liquid phase brazing 91 under vacuum 924 in furnace 913 FB under vacuum a9131 a VFB a in furnace at atmospheric pressure a9132 aATFB a in air furnace a9133 AFBa by induction 916 IB under vacuum a9161 aVIB a in furnace at atmospheric pressure 9162 aATIB a gas (torch) 912
39、FLB resistance 918 RB salt bath 915 SB welding-brazing 97 electric arc 972 ABW electron beam EBBW laser LBW gas (torch) 971 GBW diffusion brazing (in furnace) 919 DB aNot coded EN ISO 4063. 4.2 Abbreviations H : solution treatment and quenching (See EN 10052) T : tempering, structural hardening, agi
40、ng Ha : homogenization annealing No : normalization An : annealing Sz : sub-zero treatment Sr : stress relieving w : wire p : powder tp : transfert tape F : foil PM : alloy produced by powder metallurgy TAZ : thermally affected zone F0: cracking index 0, in the bi-axial tension cracking test C.A : A
41、C current prEN 4632-001:20079 C.C : DC current Man. : manual Auto : automatic PWHT : Post-welding heat treatment 5 Responsibilities The supplier or the repairer must appoint a person responsible for application of the requirements of this standard. After determination according to the rules describe
42、d below, the person responsible must mark his choice on the document containing the description of the operating procedure considered and the nature and the results of the tests that he recommended. 6 How to use this standard In quality standards for metallurgical assemblies, the production and qual
43、ification of settings, monitoring and checks during manufacturing may depend on the degree of weldability or brazeability of the materials from which elementary parts are made. This information may either be marked directly on the document, or reference may be made to this standard. The following se
44、ction contains rules to be observed about how to determine the degree of weldability or brazeability when defining an assembly. The other standards of the series provide information about the composition of homogeneous assemblies of materials used in the aerospace industry. They comprise: an index o
45、f main materials classified by family based on the main element used in the chemical composition and on the structure of alloys; one sheet for each material or family of materials that: indicates the main titles, the typical chemical composition and the main characteristics, contains recommendations
46、 for welding and brazing, indicates a degree of weldability or brazeability for a given process under defined conditions. Annex A in this standard consists of a guide for determining brazing and diffusion assembly conditions, by material family. 7 Method of determining the degree of weldability and
47、brazeability When the required information does not appear in this series of standards (unknown treatment, process not yet applied to the material, new material, etc.), the person responsible should define the nature of the development tests that will be necessary to determine the degree of weldabil
48、ity or brazeability. The tables in Annex A in this standard form a guide for determining assembly conditions, by process and by material family, for brazing and diffusion assembly processes. prEN 4632-001:200710 Annex A (normative) Recommendations for brazing and diffusion assemblies Aluminium alloy
49、s : see Table A.1. Steels : see Table A.2. Titanium and titanium alloys : see Table A.3. Super alloys (Ni and Co base) : see Table A.4. prEN 4632-001:200711 Table A.1 a) Recommendations for brazing and diffusion assemblies for “ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 6060, 6063, 6061“ Filler products Process State a before assembly Assembly maximum temperature C PWHT family form Flux Degree of brazeability Comments 4343 4045
