1、ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM prEN 4678 Edition P 1 January 2010 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONAvenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospac
2、e series Weldments and brazements for aerospace structures Joints of metallic materials by laser beam welding Quality of weldments Srie arospatiale Assemblages souds et brass pour constructions arospatiales Assemblages de matriaux mtalliques souds par faisceaux laser Qualit des assemblages souds Luf
3、t- und Raumfahrt Schweiund Ltverbindungen fr die Luftund Raumfahrt Lasers strahlschweien Qualitt der Schweiverbindungen This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is pub
4、lished for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected,
5、physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be submitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European
6、Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 31 January 2010Comments should be sent within six months afte
7、r the date of publication to ASD-STAN Metallic Material Domain Copyright 2010 by ASD-STAN prEN 4678:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references3 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Terminology .5 5 Symbols and abbreviations11 6 General requirements11 7 Technical requirements for man
8、ufacturing new parts 16 8 Technical repair requirements .30 9 Special case .30 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Metallic Material Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Pr
9、ocess Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 4678:2010 (E) 3 1 Scope This standard defines the rules to be observed to ensure the quality of aerospace structures in metallic materials by (solid code 521 and gas code 522 and diode laser Semi-conductor 523 according to EN IS
10、O 4063) laser beam welding, implemented automatically, semi-automatically or manually. It is applicable without any restriction for the manufacturing of new parts or repair parts, these operations being under the responsibility of an approved Design Authority or repairer. 2 Normative references The
11、following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. EN 875, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materia
12、ls Impact tests Test specimen location, notch orientation and examination EN 895, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Transverse tensile test EN 910, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Bend tests EN 1011-6, Welding Recommendations for welding of metallic materials Part 6:
13、Laser beam weld EN 1043-2, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Hardness test Part 2: Micro hardness testing on welded joints EN 1435, Non-destructive examination of welds Radiographic examination of welded joints EN 1714, Non destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination of we
14、lded joints EN 4179, Aerospace series Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing EN 4632-001, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 003: Homogeneous assemblies of unalloyed and low alloy steels EN 4632-002, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assembl
15、ies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 002: Homogeneous assemblies aluminium and aluminium alloys EN 4632-003, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 003: Homogeneous assemblies of unalloyed and low alloy ste
16、els 1)EN 4632-004, Aerospace series Welded and brazed assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 004: Homogeneous assemblies highly alloyed steels 2) EN 4632-005, Aerospace series Weldability and brazeability of materials in aerospace constructions Part 005
17、: Welding and brazing of homogenous assemblies of heat resisting Ni or Co base alloys 1)1) Published as ASD-STAN Prestandard at the date of publication of this standard. 2) In preparation at the date of publication of this standard. prEN 4678:2010 (E) 4 EN 4632-006, Aerospace series Welded and braze
18、d assemblies for aerospace constructions Weldability and brazeability of materials Part 006: Homogeneous assemblies titanium alloys 2)EN ISO 4063, Welding and allied processes Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method
19、EN ISO 6947, Welds Working positions Definitions of angles of slope and rotation EN ISO 11145, Optics and photonics Lasers and laser-related equipment Vocabulary and symbols EN ISO 15609-4, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials Welding procedure specification P
20、art 4: Laser beam welding EN ISO 15616-1, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 1: General principles, acceptance conditions EN ISO 15616-2, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 2: Measurement of stati
21、c and dynamic accuracy EN ISO 15616-3, Acceptance tests for CO2-laser beam machines for high quality welding and cutting Part 3: Calibration of instruments for measurement of gas flow and pressure EN ISO 22827-1, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre del
22、ivery Part 1: Laser assembly EN ISO 22827-2, Acceptance tests for Nd:YAG laser beam welding machines Machines with optical fibre delivery Part 2 : Moving mechanism ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes Vocabulary Part 1: Metal welding processes ISO 4969, Steel Macroscopic examination by etching wi
23、th strong mineral acids ISO 14731, Welding coordination Tasks and responsibilities ISO 17636, Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusion-welded joints ISO 17639, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Macroscopic and microscopic examination of welds ISO 17640, Non-dest
24、ructive testing of welds Ultrasonic testing of welded joints ISO 22826, Destructive test in weld in Metallic materials hardness, testing of narrow joins by laser electron beam (Vickers knoop hardness test) ISO 24394, Welding for aerospace applications Qualification test for welders and welding opera
25、tors Fusion welding of metallic components ISO/TR 25901, Welding and related processes Vocabulary NAS 410, Certification and qualification of non-destructive test personnel 3)3) Published by: National Standards Association, Inc., 1200 Quince Orchard Blvd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States. prEN
26、4678:2010 (E) 5 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1 and EN ISO 11145 standards apply. 4 Terminology 4.1 Laser beam welding Fusion welding process (using radiation) in which the heat required for the fusion is provided by t
27、he coherent and monochromatic light emitted by a laser focused by an optical system either: solid (FLS or 521 according to EN ISO 4063); Example: YAG: (Yttrium Aluminium Garnet) doped with neodymium. The wavelength of corresponding radiation is 1,06 m; or gas (FLG or 522 according to EN ISO 4063); E
28、xample: CO2wavelength of corresponding radiation is 10,6 m; Diode laser welding Semi-conductor laser welding or 523. The word laser is the acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation“. 4.2 Weldability 4.2.1 Concept of weldability It is considered that a metallic material is
29、weldable to a given degree, by a given process or for a given application type when, it can be used to produce a weld provided that precautions corresponding to this degree are taken, and if the characteristics and the consequences of the presence of the weld satisfy the required properties chosen a
30、s the basis for a judgement. 4.2.2 Weldability degrees Weldability of materials is assessed according to the following four degrees (see EN 4632-001): degree 1: material with very good weldability, for which no special precautions are necessary. To be used in preference. degree 2: material with good
31、 weldability but which may require special welding precautions (for example, preheating, low welding speed, etc.). degree 3: material with poor weldability, requiring specific development for each part type and which may involve manufacturing uncertainties. Not to be recommended. degree 4: material
32、with very poor weldability. To be avoided. 4.3 Technical terms 4.3.1 Welding positions Welding positions, see Figure 1 (according to EN ISO 6947 standard). prEN 4678:2010 (E) 6 Figure 1 Flat position PA Horizontal welding, with vertical beam axis. Horizontal-vertical position PB Horizontal welding.
33、Horizontal position PC Horizontal welding, horizontal beam axis. Horizontal overhead position PD Horizontal welding, overhead. Overhead position PE Horizontal welding, overhead, vertical beam axis. Vertical position up PF Welding up. Vertical position down PG Welding down. 4.3.2 Welding parameters R
34、un-on or run-off plates See ISO/TR 25901. Run-out Interval encompassing all geometrical irregularities of the joint plane NOTE This interval is measured on the detail parts, positioned in their welding setup, and is used as a reference to determine the minimum width of the weld zone. Beam centering
35、Alignment of the beam axis on the joint plane. Beam shift Deviation of beam position compared with the effective position of joint plane in certain heterogeneous welds (materials and/or dissimilar thicknesses). Flat PAHorizontal-vertical PBHorizontal PC Horizontal PC Horizontal-vertical PBOverhead h
36、orizontal PD Overhead horizontal PD Overhead PEprEN 4678:2010 (E) 7 Level distance difference in level (height) between two detail parts at the joint plane Firing distance Distance between the impact point of the beam on detail parts and a reference surface linked to the machine (example: end of noz
37、zle). Specific welding energy Ratio between the beam power over the welding speed, multiplied by 60. Paverage(W) is measured at nozzle exit side. J/cm)(k(cm/min)000160)(averageaverageVWPE Slope (or ramp) down Operating conditions for which the depth of penetration differs in a decreasing manner acco
38、rding to a slope, a series of ramps or steps, as shown in Figure 2. Slope down occurs either according to time or distance. Figure 2 Slope (or ramp) up Controlled increase of the beam power at the beginning of the welding Clearance before welding Distance measured on a straight section of the joint
39、between the sides to weld. The clearance depends on the design of the welded joint (for circular axial welds or circular welds see EN 1011-6). Power rise Operating conditions for which the penetration depth varies incrementally. Parameters SpeedBeam powerTime P nominal prEN 4678:2010 (E) 8 Focusing
40、level Distance between the beam impact point on the detail parts and the focusing point (see Figure 3). Conventionally, this distance is negative when the focusing point is within the detail parts. Key 1 Positive focusing level ( 1 mm) 2 Focusing level 0 3 Negative focusing level ( 1 mm) 4 Firing di
41、stance 5 Detail part Figure 3 Beam power The laser beam power is measured with a calorimeter which absorbs all or part of the beam Welding speed Length of the weld on beam impact side produced per time unit. 4.3.3 Other technical terms Welding campaign Series of welding operations on identical parts
42、, executed on the same machine, without any changes to adjustments, without performing other welds on the machine, without interrupting manufacturing for more than a week (working days). Welding cycle Succession of different welding operations performed by the welding machine to make a weld. Tacking
43、 pass Pre-assembling of elementary detail parts using the same process as the one used for welding, consisting of making slightly penetrating, narrow weld, continuous or discontinuous along the joint plane. The purpose is to maintain detail parts in position. 1 2 35 4prEN 4678:2010 (E) 9 Adjustment
44、verification specimen This is a flat or round test specimen of the same material, subjected to the same heat treatments as the detail parts, on which a melt run will be made in the middle using the parameters identical to those used for parts, and for which the relation between the micrographic shap
45、e of the cross section cut of the bead and that obtained on test specimens or real parts has been previously defined. Structural state State of the crystalline metal structure Manufacturing Execution of welding operations on new parts or parts being repaired Stabilized manufacturing Manufacturing fo
46、r which the reliability can be established without doubt over several welding campaigns, of which the number is previously defined by the Design Authority. Smoothing pass or cosmetic pass Surface new fusion of the welded zone Batch of parts Set of parts with the same reference from: the same welding
47、 campaign; the same heat treatment batch; traceable material (processing, chemical analysis, ). Material/parent metal Material or metal used to make the detail parts. Filler metal Additional alloy or metal used to make a weld of an assembly or a deposit. Tooling Equipment required to hold and positi
48、on parts before and during welding. Detail part Individual element to be assembled with other elements to make up a complete part. Part Product Assembly comprising several assembled detail parts. Tack welding Pre-assembly of detail parts by welding consisting of a set of tacks (by laser or an altern
49、ative process, for example TIG) along the joint plane, intended to hold the detail parts in position. Pre-heating Heating of detail parts before welding without fusion. This operation may be carried out with an defocused beam or any other process. Through weld Case where the beam crosses all parts to be welded. Blind weld Case where the beam only crosses part of the thickness of the parts to be welded. Qualification test specime
