1、 ASD STANDARD NORME ASD ASD NORM ASD-STAN prEN 4730:2017 Edition P1 2017-01 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION Rue Montoyer 10 - 1000 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.org ICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH VERSION Aer
2、ospace series Anthropometric dimensioning of aircraft seats Luft- und Raumfahrt Anthropometrische Dimensionierung von Flugzeugsitzen Srie arospatiale Dimensionnement anthropomtrique des siges passagers davion This “Aerospace Series” Prestandard has been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN
3、(The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. Subsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the
4、technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, the ASD-STAN prEN will be submitted as a draft European Standard (pr
5、EN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing any national standards conflicting wit
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9、stan.org/ Edition approved for publication Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN General domain prEN 4730:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 0 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Engineering anthropometry . 9
10、4.1 Anthropometric design . 9 4.2 “Fit” and “Reach” problems . 9 4.3 Percentiles and design limit 9 4.4 Means and procedure . 10 5 Usage of anthropometric data . 11 5.1 Identification of target group 11 5.2 Selection of data sets . 11 5.2.1 Biases 11 5.2.2 International populations . 11 5.3 Selectio
11、n of relevant anthropometric measurements 12 5.4 Clothing and posture corrections . 12 5.5 Clearances and margins . 12 5.6 Compression of cushion . 12 5.7 Integration and evaluation . 12 5.8 Documentation 13 5.9 Examples . 13 (informative) Statistical properties of anthropometrical measurements 19 A
12、nnex AA.1 Distribution parameters 19 A.2 Accuracy, validity and reliability 21 (informative) Estimates of missing anthropometric measurements . 23 Annex BB.1 Ratio scaling . 23 B.2 Proportionality constants . 23 (informative) Estimates of updates . 25 Annex C(informative) Estimates of percentile val
13、ues (evaluation) 28 Annex DD.1 Normal distributed measurements . 28 D.1.1 Estimate of percentiles with given mean and standard deviation 28 D.1.2 Estimate of accommodation rate . 30 D.2 Skewed distributions (log-normal) . 30 D.3 General approach . 31 (informative) Example: Evaluation of anthropometr
14、ic accommodation rates of an Annex Eeconomy class aircraft seat 33 E.1 Seat geometry 33 E.2 Anthropometric data 33 E.3 Estimation of accommodation . 37 E.3.1 Seat width between armrests . 37 prEN 4730:2017 (E) 3 E.3.2 Total seat width 38 E.3.3 Cushion height over floor . 38 E.4 Documentation 38 Bibl
15、iography . 40 prEN 4730:2017 (E) 4 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs General Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for
16、publication. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 5 0 Introduction Flight passengers in commercial aviation spend the predominant part of their journey which may take 12 hours or more on their seats. Therefore, aircraft passenger seats are designed to minimize passengers discomfort. This includes the consideration of
17、 body size and its variation within the target population. This document gives guidance on the use of anthropometric data for the dimensioning of aircraft seats to accommodate specific populations as well as mixed populations including the world population. This document also gives advice on how to
18、quantify seat comfort in terms of anthropometric accommodation rates. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This document describes the application of anthropometric data for the dimensioning of aircraft passenger seats. The focus is on the use of statistical parameters of anthropometrical measurements as gi
19、ven in CEN ISO/TR 7250-2 and similar sources. Even if methods described in this document might be applicable to feasibility and safety issues the scope of this document is design for comfort. The aim of this document is to give advice to designers to include methods of human-centred design into the
20、design of aircraft seats. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced doc
21、ument (including any amendments) applies. EN 4723:2015, Aerospace series Standardized measurement methods for comfort and living space criteria for aircraft passenger seats EN ISO 15535:2012, General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases (ISO 15535:2012) EN ISO 7250-1, Basic human b
22、ody measurements for technological design Part 1: Body measurement definitions and landmarks CEN ISO/TR 7250-2, Basic human body measurements for technological design Part 2: Statistical summaries of body measurements from national populations 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this documen
23、t, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 anthropometry study and measurement of the physical dimensions and mass of the human body and its constituent (external) parts Note 1 to entry: Taken from the Greek word anthropos (human being or Man) and metron, to measure. Source: EN ISO 15535:2012
24、, 3.6 3.2 anthropometric data dimensional measurements (such as heights, lengths, depths, breadths and circumferences) of the human body and its component parts Source: EN ISO 15535:2012, 3.7 3.3 percentile statistical parameter indicating the value a given percentage of observations in a population
25、 go below Note 1 to entry: For example 5 percent of a population is shorter than the 5th percentile of stature of this population. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 7 3.4 high percentile percentile of a distribution of measurements of a body dimension representing a tall or corpulent person Note 1 to entry: For as
26、sessment of comfort usually the 95th percentile is used. 3.5 low percentile percentile of a distribution of measurements of a body dimension representing a short person Note 1 to entry: For assessment of comfort usually the 5th percentile is used. 3.6 sitting height (erect) vertical distance from a
27、horizontal sitting surface to the highest point of the head (vertex) Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.7 eye height, sitting vertical distance from a horizontal sitting surface to the outer corner of the eye Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.8
28、cervicale height, sitting vertical distance from a horizontal sitting surface to the cervicale (prominent bone at the base of the back of the neck; spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra) Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.9 elbow height, sitting vertical distanc
29、e from a horizontal sitting surface to the lowest bony point of the elbow bent at a right angle with the forearm horizontal Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.10 shoulder (bideltoid) breadth distance across the maximum lateral protrusions of the right and left deltoid musc
30、les Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.11 hip breadth, sitting Breadth of the body measured across the widest portion of the hips Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 8 3.12 lower leg length (popliteal height) vertical distance fro
31、m the foot-rest surface to the lower surface of the thigh immediately behind the knee, bent at right angles Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.13 thigh clearance vertical distance from the sitting surface to the highest point on the thigh Note 1 to entry: The definition is
32、 in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.14 knee height vertical distance from the floor to the highest point of the superior border of the patella Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.15 buttock-popliteal length (seat depth) horizontal distance from the hollow of the knee to the rearmos
33、t point of the buttock Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.16 buttock-knee length horizontal distance from the foremost point of the knee-cap to the rearmost point of the buttock Note 1 to entry: The definition is in line with ISO 7250-1. 3.17 deat width between armrests SW
34、AR shortest distance between two armrests flanking a seat place Note 1 to entry: EN 4723 can be used for more information. 3.18 armrest top height over seat bottom cushion TACH distance between the compressed seat bottom and the highest point of the upper armrest contour Note 1 to entry: EN 4723 can
35、 be used for more information. 3.19 vushion height above cabin floor level CHoF perpendicular distance from highest point at the front edge of the uncompressed cushion to the airplane floor plane Note 1 to entry: EN 4723 can be used for more information. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 9 3.20 table height over b
36、ottom cushion edge TH distance between the two parallel planes set up by the front lower edge of the meal tray table spread horizontally to the rear and a horizontal plane touching the highest edge of the seat bottom cushion Note 1 to entry: EN 4723 can be used for more information. 3.21 total seat
37、width TSW shortest distance between the arm rest centre lines flanking a seat (SWAR plus 2 x half width of armrest) 4 Engineering anthropometry 4.1 Anthropometric design The objective of anthropometric design is to adjust the dimensions of workplaces, interior space of vehicles, furniture, equipment
38、, or protective clothing to the size of the human body. There are various approaches to consider the variety of dimensions and proportions in populations: Sizing systems (e.g. garment), adjustable elements (e.g. seat position in cars) or designing to critical cases (e.g. seats in public transport ve
39、ssels). Aircraft passenger seats belong to the latter category. 4.2 “Fit” and “Reach” problems Design to critical cases means to dimension an item so as to fully accommodate all users with the exception of few, which are beyond the critical case. Regarding the critical case “fit” and “reach” problem
40、s might be distinguished. For instance, if the width of a seat is dimensioned according to the hip width of a corpulent reference person; all individuals with smaller hips will also fit into the seat (“Fit” problem). In contrast, the height of the seat pan should be dimensioned to allow a reference
41、person with short legs to reach the floor with the feet (“Reach problem”). Accommodation to people with longer legs is given when they increase their knee angle. Generally, in case of “fit problems” dimensioning is adjusted for a large reference person, in case of “reach problems” for a small refere
42、nce person. NOTE Accommodation to an average person (mean or median of population data) is in most cases not a reasonable option, since half of the population will likely not fit or reach. 4.3 Percentiles and design limit Small and large reference persons are defined by statistical parameters of the
43、 distribution of the respective sizes (e.g. leg length) in the population. Typically, this is done by fixing a low and a high percentile level (design limit). The nthpercentile of a distribution is the value where n percent of all cases in the distribution fall below. For instance, the 95thpercentil
44、e of the stature of a population is the body height where 95 percent of the respective population is shorter (or 5 percent are taller). Usually, a value between the 1stand the 5thpercentile (i.e. for 1 resp. 5 percent of the population the respective dimension is smaller) is used as small reference
45、and a value between 95thand 99thpercentiles as large reference. NOTE 1 Percentile values (1st, 5th, 50th, 95th, and 99th) for various body measurements and populations can be found in CEN ISO/TR 7250-2. NOTE 2 Additional information regarding statistical properties of anthropometrical data is given
46、in Annex A. prEN 4730:2017 (E) 10 For comfort and efficiency related studies typically a range from 5thto 95thpercentile is applied. Generally, a decision for a design limit should be accompanied by considerations regarding the portion of the population not accommodated within the defined range. Con
47、sequences of non-accommodation may be impossibility of use, reduction of comfort, lack of safety, or another restriction. A design limit defined by the 5thand 95thpercentile may exclude 5 percent of the population, and in case several measurements are critical at the same time even more. For safety
48、relevant dimensions the use of 1stand 99thpercentile is recommended according to EN 547-1 and to EN 614-1. NOTE 3 Aviation regulations may define individual percentiles or constants for certain tests (e.g. CS 25.562). 4.4 Means and procedure In various phases of the product life-cycle anthropometric
49、 studies might be performed with different means. The use of 2D Templates, 3D CAD manikins, anthropomorphic test devices (dummies) or tests with a sample of real humans (EN ISO 15537 gives advice for the selection of test persons) are just some examples. All methods should be based on appropriate anthropometrical data. Some techniques have specific prerequisites, e.g. a digital 3D model or a physical prototype. The direct use of percentilized measurement data as described in this document has minimal requirements and can be performed in very early design st
