1、ASD-STAN STANDARD NORME ASD-STAN ASD-STAN NORM prEN 4818 Edition P 1 May 2011 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATIONAvenue de Tervuren, 270 - B-1150 Brussels - Tel. + 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. + 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.orgICS: Descriptors: ENGLISH V
2、ERSION Aerospace series Passive HF RFID tags intended for aircraft use for aircraft use Srie arospatiale Tags passifs didentification par radiofrquence Haute Frquence (RFID HF) pour usage aronautique Luft- und Raumfahrt HF Passiv RFID-Tags fr Luftfahrtverwendung This “Aerospace Series“ Prestandard h
3、as been drawn up under the responsibility of ASD-STAN (The AeroSpace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization). It is published for the needs of the European Aerospace Industry. It has been technically approved by the experts of the concerned Domain following member comments. S
4、ubsequent to the publication of this Prestandard, the technical content shall not be changed to an extent that interchangeability is affected, physically or functionally, without re-identification of the standard. After examination and review by users and formal agreement of ASD-STAN, it will be sub
5、mitted as a draft European Standard (prEN) to CEN (European Committee for Standardization) for formal vote and transformation to full European Standard (EN). The CEN national members have then to implement the EN at national level by giving the EN the status of a national standard and by withdrawing
6、 any national standards conflicting with the EN. Edition approved for publication 1 May 2011 Comments should be sent within six months after the date of publication to ASD-STAN Engineering Procedures Domain Copyright 2011 by ASD-STAN prEN 4818:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 2 Introduction 3 1 Sc
7、ope / Purpose 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 General requirements. 7 5 General configuration 8 6 Applicability. 8 7 Requirements 8 Bibliography. 13 Foreword This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Engineering Procedures Domain. After inqu
8、iries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN defined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. prEN 4818:2011 (E) 3 Introduction The requirements for RFID tags to be used in the aerospace industry are very different from non-avi
9、ation uses. The parts identified by the RFID tags are high value items, which are often used for ten years or more. Reading and writing across a moderate distance, and over the life-spans of these tagged-parts, is expected to improve data accuracy and cost savings. Furthermore, the aerospace industr
10、y is subject to unique considerations regarding qualification, regulations, and safety, which are enforced by aviation authorities such as the EASA, FAA, etc. These requirements, coupled with the relatively low manufacturing volumes, will drive up the per-part cost of tags developed for the aerospac
11、e industry. This will generate the need for a set of RFID tags specifically designed for use on aircraft. Adherence to this standard will decrease the development cost of these low-volume, high-capability RFID tags. 1 Scope / Purpose The scope of this document is to: Provide a requirements document
12、for RFID Tag Manufacturers to produce passive HF tags for the Aerospace industry. Identify the minimum performance requirements specific to passive HF tags used on aircraft parts, accessed only during ground operations. Specify the test requirements specific to passive HF tags for airborne use, in a
13、ddition to EUROCAE ED 14 / RTCA DO-160 latest issue compliance requirements separately called out in this document. Identify existing standards applicable to passive HF tags. Provide a qualification standard for passive HF tags which will use permanently-affixed installation on aircraft and aircraft
14、 parts. 2 Normative references The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of manufacture. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited h
15、erein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. All RFID applications must be compliant with local regulation in force (i.e. FCC for US, CEPT/ETSi for Europe). ISO/IEC 1800
16、0-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 13,56 MHz 1)ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device performance test methods Part 3: Test methods for tag performance 1)1) Publi
17、shed by: ISO International Organization for Standardization http:/www.iso.ch/.prEN 4818:2011 (E) 4 ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz 1)ED 14, Environmental Condi
18、tions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment 2)DO-160, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment 3)ATA SPEC 2000, E-Business Specification for Materials Management 4)MIL-STD-810, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and
19、 Laboratory Tests 5)FAR 14 CFR 25, Aeronautics and Space, Airworthiness standards: Transport Category Airplanes AC 20-162, Airworthiness Approval and Operational Allowance of RFID Systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 AEROSP
20、ACE APPLICATIONS used on products created for the aerospace industry 3.2 AIRBORNE USE used on aircraft while in flightas opposed to Ground Service Equipment, which is used on aircraft, but only while, the aircraft is on the ground 3.3 ATA: AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION airline trade association whose pu
21、rpose is to foster a business and regulatory environment that ensures safe and secure air transportation. ATA coordinates standards-creation in support of this purpose. 3.4 BACKSCATTER the Radio Frequency (RF) energy reflected by the tag to transmit information to the interrogator. The RFID tags chi
22、p and antenna modulates the incident energy and reflects it back (same orientation but opposite direction). Backscatter is what the interrogator device “reads.” An inert piece of aluminium will reflect RF energy, but in the absence of modulation, it is “reflection”, not “backscatter.” 3.5 BAP Batter
23、y Assisted Passive RFID tags that have an on-board battery to power the electronics in the tag, minimizing the power required from the interrogator Radio Frequency Beam. They backscatter like a passive UHF tag only when they are interrogated. BAP tags have greater read ranges than purely passive tag
24、s. 3.6 BAR-CODE a standard method of identifying items based on lines of varying widths and spacing that are visually read by a scanner 2) Published by: EUROCAE Regional (EU) EURopean Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment http:/www.eurocae.org/.3) Published by: International Radio Technical Comm
25、ission for Aeronautics http:/ Published by: Air Transport Association Publications.5) Published by: DoD National (US) Mil. Department of Defense http:/www.defenselink.mil/.prEN 4818:2011 (E) 5 3.7 BLINK RATE the rate at which an active Chip/Tag sends out s signal to look for, this can be adjusted fr
26、om hours to seconds depending on the application and desired battery life of the RFID tag 3.8 CHIP “chip”, or “microchip”, refers to integrated circuits, or ICs. This is the “brain” of the RFID tag. RFID chips modulate reflected RF power to transmit data back to an RFID reader, or “interrogator”. 3.
27、9 EASA European Aviation Safety Agency 3.10 EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power the amount of power that would have to be emitted by an isotropic antenna (that evenly distributes power in all directions and is a theoretical construct) to produce the peak power density observed in the direct
28、ion of maximum antenna gain 3.11 EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment 3.12 FAA Federal Aviation Administration the airworthiness and aviation authority in the United States of America 3.13 FAR FIELD ZONE: D D (2.a)2/l with: D far field zone; a maximal size of the antenna; l wav
29、elength c/f. 3.14 HF High Frequency covers the 13,56 MHz frequency band 3.15 HUMAN-READABLE human-readable refers to a representation of information that can be naturally read by humans. In most contexts, the alternative representation is data primarily designed for reading by a machine, e.g., scann
30、er/computer/etc. 3.16 INLAY the RFID inlay is comprised of four primary components: chip, attachment harness, antenna, and substrate. An antenna is either laid or printed on a substrate material (typically a polymer). Designers create antenna patterns to satisfy specific performance requirements. Th
31、e “chip” is harnessed to the antenna pattern so that the contacts on the chip make contact with the appropriate legs of the antenna. 3.17 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (IC) see “Chip” prEN 4818:2011 (E) 6 3.18 INTERROGATOR (READER/WRITTER) Radio Frequency device whose purpose is to read data from RFID tags or
32、write data to them. There exist both hand-held versions and desk-top versions. Hand-held interrogators have battery power and on-board modulator/demodulators to allow reading permanently-affixed tags while moving past them, and are usually limited in power output. 3.19 ISO: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIO
33、N for STANDARDIZATION an international association that manages the process of setting global standards for communications and information exchange 3.20 LABEL label is comprised of three primary components: an RFID inlay, an outer surface (often used for printing), and a bonding surface. Other layer
34、s and components are often added to provide addition features and performance to the label. 3.21 LRU Line Replaceable Unit a component that can be pulled off the aircraft by “line” mechanics and replaced with an identical part, as opposed to requiring depot-level or manufacturers AOG (airplane on th
35、e ground) teams to do maintenance in situ 3.22 MACHINE-READABLE the term machine-readable (or computer-readable) refers to information encoded in a form which can be read (i.e., scanned/sensed) by a machine/computer and interpreted by the machines hardware and/or software. Machine-readable technolog
36、ies include optical character recognition (OCR) and barcodes. 3.23 PASSIVE the most common RFID tags, in which a interrogator transmits an energy field that “energizes” the tag and provides the power for the tag to backscatter 3.24 RANGE the straight line distance between two articles, e.g., an RFID
37、 tag and an RFID interrogator 3.25 RANGE, MINIMUM REQUIRED the minimum distance between the RFID chip and the interrogators antenna that satisfies a requirement for a customers specifications or the performance grades included in this specification 3.26 READER/WRITTER see “Interrogator,” above 3.27
38、RFID Radio Frequency IDentification a mechanism of applying a unique identifier to an artefact, plant, person or animal for the purpose of tracking, tracing and locating, using machine readable, non-line of sight technologies. RFID technology provides for non-line of sight creation, modification and
39、 deletion of the unique identifier. RF is defined as Radio Frequency, which describes non-line of sight transmission of data and energy between a radio transmitter/receiver known as an interrogator (reader) and the ID chip that contains the identifier (ID). prEN 4818:2011 (E) 7 3.28 RTCA: RADIO TECH
40、NICAL COMMISSION FOR AERONAUTICS RTCA, Inc. is a private, not-for-profit corporation that develops consensus-based recommendations regarding communications, navigation, surveillance, and air traffic management (CNS/ATM) system issues. RTCA functions as a Federal Advisory Committee. 3.29 SCD: SPECIFI
41、CATION CONTROL DOCUMENT a requirements document used in lieu of, or in addition to, engineering drawings, and which specifies required performance, physical envelope, and interfaces with adjacent equipment and systems 3.30 SECURITY some minimum level of encoding or password-protecting a data source
42、in order to prevent tampering or inadvertent loss 3.31 TAG RFID tag is comprised of primary components: a RFID inlay, an outer surface (often used for printing), a bonding surface and a specific packaging 3.32 TEMPERATURE, OPERATING the temperature at which the RFID device will normally be interroga
43、ted or used 3.33 TEMPERATURE, SURVIVAL the extreme temperatures to which an RFID device will be exposed. The RFID device is not expected to function at these temperatures. 4 General requirements This Standard establishes the documentation required for the development of a passive-only Radio Frequenc
44、y (RFID) Standard tag. This standard does not cover: Interrogators (Readers), Active RFID devices or Battery Assisted Passive (BAP) RFID devices, RFID tags designed to operate outside the 13,56 MHz frequency. This standards requirements will concern RFID tags that: Are “passive”, Are approved for at
45、tachment to aircraft (“airborne use”), (regulations limit operation to use only while on the ground), Operate in the frequency 13,56 MHz (HF), and do not produce spurious emissions that interfere with critical or essential on-board electrical equipment, Can be integrated into labels and tags with ma
46、chine-readable and human-readable data (print and barcode), Are used for new airplane certification as well as retrofitting on previously-certified aircraft, Can be used as a part of RFID systems where the interrogator is: used in the aircraft while on the ground, installed on ground equipment; or i
47、s a handheld device, prEN 4818:2011 (E) 8 Use digital data for supplemental part marking and tracking, but these data are not intended to meet airworthiness requirements, Shall be restricted to ground interrogation only, i.e., aircraft not-in-motion, and while aircraft is clear of active taxiways or
48、 runways. 5 General configuration RFID tag consists of a chip (integrated circuit), attached to an antenna, both of which are mounted on a dielectric substrate. The tag shall include identification markings, and shall have a cover layer that can be written on, or to which adhesive labels may be appl
49、ied, in order to meet human- and machine-readable requirements of purchasers. RFID tags shall be permanently affixed to aircraft parts using approved adhesives, methods, and processes. Installation of RFID devices shall be compliant with the different standards published by EASA and FAA, mainly chapter 8.a. of the AC 20-162 published by the FAA. Different tag configurations may be developed based on intended usage of the tags, to include environment, type and material of parts being labelled, memor
