1、ASD-STAN Technical Report Rapport Technique ASD-STAN ASD-STAN Fachbericht TR 4666 Edition 1 July 2016 PUBLISHED BY THE AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION OF EUROPE - STANDARDIZATION Rue Montoyer 10 - 1000 Brussels - Tel. 32 2 775 8126 - Fax. 32 2 775 8131 - www.asd-stan.org ICS: Descriptor
2、s: ENGLISH VERSION Aerospace series Aircraft integrated air quality and pressure standards, criteria and determination methods Srie arospatiale Normes intgres de qualit dair intrieur et de pression pour les cabines davion, critres et mthodes dvaluation Luft- und Raumfahrt Integrierte Qualittsstandar
3、ds fr Kabinenluft und -druck, Kriterien und Messverfahren This Technical Report was drawn up by the Engineering Procedure Domain of ASD-STAN. The reason which led to the publication of the document as a Technical Report is explained in the foreword. Edition approved for publication 1st July 2016 Eng
4、ineering Procedure Domain Copyright 2016 by ASD-STAN Page 2 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Abbreviations . 9 5 Pressure Conditions 10 5.1 General 10 5.2 Rates of Change of Cabin Air Pressure 10 5.3 Absolu
5、te Cabin Air Pressure 10 5.3.1 General 10 5.3.2 Physiological Altitude Limits 10 5.3.3 DVT recommendation 11 6 Ventilation. 12 7 Thermal Conditions . 12 7.1 Cabin air temperature 12 7.1.1 General 12 7.1.2 Requirements and rationale . 12 7.2 Surface temperature 13 7.2.1 General 13 7.2.2 Requirements
6、and rationale . 14 7.3 Local Airflow 14 7.3.1 General 14 7.3.2 Requirements and rationale . 15 8 Humidity Conditions 16 8.1 Relative Humidity . 16 8.1.1 Requirements and rationale . 16 8.1.2 Measurement method 16 9 Noise and Vibration . 17 9.1 Noise . 17 9.2 Vibration . 17 9.3 Vibration Requirements
7、 and rationales . 18 10 Combined Effects 19 10.1 General 19 10.2 Temperature type 2, a Technical Domain has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as a European Standard. The Engineering Procedure Domain decided to publish this document in the form of a Technical Re
8、port of type 2, as it contains only general guidelines. This document (prEN 4666:2013) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe - Standardization (ASD-STAN). After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this Standard h
9、as received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of ASD. This standard was reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STANs Engineering Procedures Domain. After inquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of ASD-STAN de
10、fined in ASD-STANs General Process Manual, this standard has received approval for Publication. This European standard has been prepared by a Working Group of ICE. ICE is an EU 6th framework project within the Competitive and Sustainable Growth Programme, Key Action: New Perspectives in Aeronautics.
11、 The secretariat of the working group is held by BRE, UK in cooperation with Fraunhofer IBP, Germany. The working group was set up in conjunction with ASD-STAN. ASD-STAN is a CEN Associated Body, which produces standards for aviation and defence. ASD-STAN rules have been followed during the drafting
12、 of the standard, and CEN procedures have been carried out to approve the standard. In 2004, AECMA-STAN published the first pre-Standard (prEN 4618) including both contamination threshold limits and environmental criteria for aircraft cabins. It is now a full standard (EN 4618). In 2007, the America
13、n Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) published a comprehensive aircraft air quality standard: Standard 161-2007 “Air quality within commercial aircraft”. However, this did not include cabin pressure (paragraph 5.1.1 of the ASHRAE Standard). PrEN 4666 is the fi
14、rst Standard to include cabin pressure. This prEN 4666 however is a self-standing standard, independent from prEN 4618 or any other similar subject document. Disclaimer: All recommendations made here are based on the European study “ICE - Ideal Cabin Environment” (European Contract No. AST4-CT-2005-
15、516131) and on related findings. All final responsibility for flight operations and handling of aircraft remain with the airlines, manufacturers and their employees as well as the relevant authorities. Page 5 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) Introduction This Technical Report has been prepared in order to specif
16、y requirements and determination methods for newly certificated commercial civil passenger aircraft programmes. It may also apply to current production aircraft, should it be shown to be technically feasible and economically justifiable. The standard distinguishes between safety, health and comfort
17、conditions for passengers and crew under a variety of phases of flight, including embarkation and disembarkation. The standard is intended for use in design, manufacturing, maintenance and normal operation of commercial aircraft. The standard committee has tried to make the standard performance base
18、d. This means that only parameters of direct effect on safety, health and comfort of aircraft occupants are considered. This approach enables future proofing of design and development of innovative solutions as well as enabling existing technologies to be used. Nevertheless, in exceptional cases, cu
19、rrent technology may be used in notes, appendices and/or recommendations to describe available solutions that meet the objectives of individual requirements of the standard. This is a performance standard focussing on achievements, not a prescriptive standard driving specific technical solutions. Th
20、is Technical Report or parts thereof may be applied by regulatory bodies. The study on which this Technical Report is based was conducted in compliance with: International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (1996) Guideline for Goo
21、d Clinical Practice E6 (R1) Directive 91/507/EEC (19 July 1991) modifying the Annex to Council Directive 75/318/EEC on the approximation of the laws of Member States relating to analytical, pharmacotoxicological and clinical standards and protocols in respect of the testing of medicinal products Dir
22、ective 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (4 April 2001) on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products for human u
23、se Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (6 February 2003) on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise) WHO (1999) Guidelines for Community Noise. WHO (2001) Occupational and Community N
24、oise. Fact Sheet No 258. Page 6 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) 1 Scope This Technical Report specifies requirements and determination methods for newly certificated commercial civil passenger aircraft programmes regarding integrated air quality parameters and cabin air pressure. This Technical Report is intend
25、ed to apply to newly certificated commercial civil passenger aircraft programmes. It may also apply to current production aircraft if it does not carry significant burden, i.e. if it can be shown to be technically feasible and economically justifiable. This Technical Report covers the period for eac
26、h flight when the first crewmember enters the aircraft until the disembarkation of the last crewmember. NOTE 1 During embarkation and disembarkation, reduced temperatures in the cabin may be desirable due to increased metabolic activity of the occupants. In some ground cases, the aircraft environmen
27、tal control system (ECS) may not be able to compensate for the external conditions influencing the cabin comfort conditions, such as open doors, extreme hot/cold ground/air temperatures or radiant heat. In this case, external air-conditioning systems, for example conditioned low-pressure ground air
28、or high-pressure supply, may be used to supplement the aircraft ECS. If the temperature range stated in this Technical Report is regularly exceeded (either above or below the stated range), changes to airline and/or airport procedures and/or aircraft design should be introduced. NOTE 2 During ground
29、 operations, the external air quality may adversely influence the air quality within the aircraft cabin. Contamination produced as a result of servicing activities or ground operations may enter the aircraft directly, for example via open doors, and the ECS may not be able to effectively control con
30、taminant levels in the cabin. Airline and airport operational procedures should be organised so as to avoid direct contamination of the cabin from these pollutant sources. If the contaminant ranges stated in this Technical Report are regularly exceeded, changes to airline and/or airport procedures a
31、nd/or aircraft design should be introduced. Outside air quality levels would usually be regulated by national authorities. Individual predisposition may influence the proposed values and limits. TR 4666 is a self-standing Technical Report, independent from TR 4618 or any other similar subject docume
32、nts. This Technical Report covers data for: Pressure Conditions (air pressure rate of change, absolute cabin air pressure) Thermal Conditions (air temperature, surface temperature, draught) Humidity Conditions Noise and Vibration Combined Effects as newly developed by the European study “ICE - Ideal
33、 Cabin Environment” (European Contract No. AST4-CT-2005-516131) and its related findings. Page 7 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
34、the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ASHRAE Standard 62.2 (2007), Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings ASHRAE Standard 161 (2007), Air Quality within Commercial
35、Aircraft CFR 14 Part 25.831 (1997), Ventilation and Heating EN 4618 (2009), Aircraft internal air quality standards, criteria and determination methods ISO 2631-1 (1997), Mechanical Vibration and Shock Evaluation of Human Exposure to Whole-Body Vibration Part 1: General Requirements ISO 5129 (2001),
36、 Acoustics Measurement of sound pressure levels in the interior of aircraft during flight ISO 11079 (2007), Ergonomics of the thermal environment Determination and interpretation of cold stress when using required clothing insulation (IREQ) and local cooling effects ISO 13732-1 (2006), Ergonomics of
37、 the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot surfaces ISO/TS 13732-2 (2001), Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 2: Human contact with surfaces at moderate tem
38、perature ISO 13732-3 (2005), Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 3: Cold surfaces ISO 7726 (1998), Ergonomics of the thermal environment Instruments for measuring physical quantities ISO 7730 (2005), Ergonomics of the ther
39、mal environment Analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria SAE AIR1609A (2005), Aircraft Humidification SAE ARP1270 (2006), Aircraft Cabin Pressurization Control Criteria UK CAA Specification No. 15 (
40、1989), Public Address Systems Page 8 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 safety limits limits for cabin environment parameters that if exceeded would prevent the safe operation of the aircraft. Where appropriat
41、e, limits such as occupational exposure limits and regulatory limits are taken from cognisant authorities SOURCE: EN 4618:2009 3.2 health limits limits for cabin environment parameters that if exceeded would lead to temporary or permanent pathological effects to the occupants. Where appropriate, lim
42、its such as occupational exposure limits and regulatory limits are taken from cognisant authorities SOURCE: EN 4618:2009 3.3 comfort limits limits for cabin environment parameters that if exceeded would not achieve an acceptable cabin environment. An acceptable cabin environment is defined as one in
43、 which a substantial majority of the people exposed would not be expected to express dissatisfaction with the air quality contaminants and/or environmental criteria. Where appropriate, comfort limits are drawn from cognisant authorities that provide indoor environment standards and guidelines SOURCE
44、: EN 4618:2009 3.4 cabin pressurisation cabin pressurisation is the active pumping of air into an aircraft cabin to increase the air pressure within the cabin. It is required when an aircraft reaches high altitudes, because the natural atmospheric pressure (and in close sequence the oxygen partial p
45、ressure) is too low to allow people to absorb sufficient oxygen, leading to altitude sickness and ultimately hypoxia 3.5 cabin ventilation process of supplying air to or removing it from the cabin for the purpose of controlling air contaminant levels, cabin air pressure, humidity, airflow patterns,
46、and temperature within the cabin 3.6 acceptable indoor air quality air toward which a substantial majority of occupants express no dissatisfaction with respect to odour and sensory irritation and in which there are not likely to be contaminants at concentrations that are known to pose a health risk
47、SOURCE: ASHRAE 62.2 (2007) Page 9 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) 4 Abbreviations ICE Ideal Cabin Environment ECS Environmental Control System CFR Code of Federal Regulations ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers SAE Society of Automotive Engineers CAA Civil Aviation
48、Authority WHO World Health Organization DVT deep venous thrombosis PM Particulate matter PAO Personal Air Outlet BF Blink Frequency RH Relative Humidity FACE Friendly Aircraft Cabin Environment HEACE Health Effects in Aircraft Cabin Environment SpO2 oxygen saturation in peripheral blood flow Page 10
49、 TR 4666:07-2016 (E) 5 Pressure Conditions 5.1 General This Clause does not handle the matter of: any failure, like the unlikely loss of cabin air pressure different oxygen breathing systems and oxygen equipment the technical solutions of pressurisation and pressure vessel integrity any test-procedures for pressurisation 5.2 Rates of Change of Cabin Air Pressure As the airplane pressurises and decompresses, some passengers may ex
