1、7 m 0759600 0034898 775 m SPECIAL NOTICE The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles. This Standard and Commentary should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to their suitability for any given applicat
2、ion. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the American Society of Civil Engineers, or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable for any general or particular use or promises freedom from infringement
3、 of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability from such use. EWRVASCE 34-01 i 075b00 0034899 b0L American Society of Civil Engineers Standard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water This document uses both Systeme International (SI) units and custo
4、mary units. ASCE 075bOO 0034900 153 EWRVASCE 34-01 Environmental and Water Resources Institute American Society of Civil Engineers Standard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water This document uses both Systme International (SI) units and customary units. Published by the American Societ
5、y of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 201 91 -4400 M 075b00 0034903 0T M ABSTRACT Standard Guidelines for Artificial Recharge of Ground Water are intended to complement ASCEs Ground Water Manage- ment Manual and ASCEs Operation and Maintenance of Ground Wafer Facilities Man
6、ual. All three of these publi- cations are refined from work originally done by the Technical Committee on Ground Water, which was within the Irrigation and Drainage Division. This Standard has been developed by the Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Committee within the Standards Development Counc
7、il of the Environmental & Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Standard guidelines for artificial recharge of ground water / Environmental and Water Resources Institute, American Society of Civil Engineers. p. cm. “E
8、WRI/ASCE 34-01 .” ISBN 0-7844-0548-4 Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Artificial recharge of groundwater. I. Environmental and Water Resources Institute (U.S.) TD404 .S73 2001 627.56-dC21 00-05431 O Photocopies. Authorization to photocopy material for internal or personal use under
9、circumstances not falling within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE to libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clear- ance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, pro- vided that the base fee of $8.00 per article plus $50 per page is paid directly t
10、o CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA O1 923. The identification for ASCE Books is O-7844-0548-4/ 01/$8.00 + $SO per page. Requests for special permission or bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copy- right Dept., ASCE. Copyright O 2001 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All R
11、ights Reserved. Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 00-054310 Manufactured in the United States of America. ISBN 0-7844-0548-4 m 075bOO 0034902 T2b m STANDARDS in April 1980, the Board of Direction approved ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the writing and maintenance of standards devel
12、oped by the Society. All such standards are developed by a consensus standards process managed by the Man- agement Group F (MGF), Codes and Standards. The consensus process includes balloting by the balanced standards committee made up of Society members and nonmembers, balloting by the membership o
13、f ASCE as a whole, and balloting by the public. All standards are updated or reaffirmed by the same pro- cess at intervals not exceeding 5 years. The following Standards have been issued. ANSVASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth Structures ANSUASCE 2-9 1
14、Measurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean Water ANSUASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs and ANSUASCE 9-91 Stan- dard Practice for the Construction and Inspection of Composite Slabs ASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nu- clear Structures Building Code Requirements
15、for Masonry Structures (AC1 530-99/ASCE 5-99fMS 402-99) and Specifications for Masonry Structures (AC1 ASCE 7-98 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings ANSVASCE 8-90 Standard Specification for the 530.1-99/ASCE 6-99tTMS 602-99) and Other Structures Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Member
16、s ANSUASCE 9-9 I listed with ASCE 3-91 ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission SEUASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural Condition Structures Assessment of Existing Buildings ANSVASCE 12-91 Guideline for the Design of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 13-93 Standard Guidelines for Installation of
17、 Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 14-93 Standard Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) Factor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood Construction ASCE 16-95 Stan
18、dard for Load and Resistance ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures ASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process Oxygen Transfer Testing ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and installation of Pile Foundations ASCE 2 1-96 Autom
19、ated People Mover Standards- Part 1 ASCE 21-98 Automated People Mover Standards- Part 2 SEVASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel Beams with Web Openings SEUASCE 24-98 Flood Resistant Design and Construction ASCE 25-97 Earthquake-Actuated Automatic Gas Shut-Off Devices ASCE 26-97 Standard Pra
20、ctice for Design of Buried Precast Concrete Box Sections ASCE 27-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Pipe for Jacking in Trenchless Construction ASCE 28-00 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Precast Concrete Box Sections for Jacking in Trenchless Construction EWRUASCE 33-0
21、1 Comprehensive Transboundary International Water Quality Management Agreement . 111 = 0759600 O034903 962 FOREWORD These Standard Guidelines for Artificial Re- charge of Ground Water are intended to complement the ASCE Ground Water Management Manual and ASCE Operation and Maintenance of Ground Wate
22、r Facilities Manual. All three of these publications are refined from work originally done by the Technical Committee on Ground Water, which was within the Irrigation and Drainage Division. This standard has been developed by the Artificial Recharge of Ground Water Committee within the Standards Dev
23、elopment Council of the Environmental & Water Resources In- stitute of the American Society of Civil Engineers. The material presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engi- neering principles. These Standard Guidelines should only be used under the direction of pr
24、ofessionals competent in the planning and development of ground water resources including the fields of ground water hydrology and hydraulics. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of the Ameri- can Society of Civil Engineers or
25、any person named herein that this information is suitable for any general or particular use, or promises freedom from infringe- ment of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability from such use. Previous page is blank. 0757bOO 0034704 BT7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Am
26、erican Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) acknowledges the work of the Artificial Re- charge of Ground Water Committee, Standards De- velopment Council, Environmental & Water Re- sources institute. This group comprises individuals from many backgrounds including: consultants hav- ing a wide range of
27、expertise and professionals in re- search, construction, education, law, and government. The Committee acknowledges the assistance and A. Ivan Johnson, Chair* Charles W. Binder* Herman Bouwer, Vice Chair* Abinash C. Chaturvedi Robert T. Chuck Nathan Columbus Lorenzo Del Felice Bruce Ferguson Don J.
28、Finlayson,“ Secretary and Editor Lloyd C. Fowler* Bruce P. Glenn James A. Goodrich John K. Jacobs Daniel B. Knorr G. Fred Lee* Mario Lluria* technical input provided by the Bureau of Reclama- tion during the years of development of these Stan- dard Guidelines. These Standard Guidelines were prepared
29、 through the consensus standards process by balloting in compliance with current procedures of ASCE. The individuals who served on the Committee that devel- oped these Standard Guidelines are: Robert A. Longenbaugh Richard J. Lutton Dennis McGrane Richard G. Mills Michael Miyahira Mark S. Nowak Bhan
30、 D. Pathak Garvin J. Pederson Richard C. Peralta* Nolan G. Pereira Jos H. Peters Robert W. Pollack, Jr. William A. Price R. David G. Pyne* John Regan Louis Riethmann Vernon R. Schaefer Richard J. Schicht P. Steward J. Gardner Strasser Donald R. Strong Richard K. Thorpe Ralph L. Toren Lucio Ubertini
31、Lloyd V. Urban* Don L. Warner James H. Wegley Neil Williams Mark M. Wilsnack* H. Douglas Yoder Gary J. Ziegler *Contributors Previous page is blank. vi 0759600 0034905 735 1.0 GENERAL . 1.1 PURPOSE 1.2 SCOPE 1.3 GROUND WATER AND GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS . i 3.1 Ground Water Occurrence . 1.3.
32、2 Ground Water Quality GROUND WATER RECHARGE CONCEPTS . 1.4.1 Key Terms 1.4.2 Methods of Recharge . 1.4.2.1 Surface infiltration 1.4 1.4.2.2 Recharge through wells . 1.4.2.3 Other recharge methods . Sources of Recharge Water 1.4.5 Water Quality Issues 1.4.3 1.4.4 Recapture of Recharge ORGANIZATION O
33、F THE REPORT . 1.5 2.0 PLANNING 2.1 PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES . 2.1.1 Determine Water Supply Needs 2.1.2 Public Involvement 2.1.2. i 2.1.2.2 Public understanding of artificial recharge 2.1.3 Determine Recharge Objectives 2.2 DATA COLLECTION 2.2.1 Physical Data 2.2.2 Non-Physical Data . 2.2.3 Data Organ
34、ization 2.3 EVALUATE RESOURCES . 2.3.1 Evaluate Quantity and Quality of Available Source Waters . 2.3.1 . 1 Accessibility of potable water sources 2.3.1.2 Long-term availability of water sources 2.3.1.3 Legal and Environmental Restraints . 2.3.1.4 2.3. i . 5 Reclaimed water as a source Evaluation of
35、 Ground Water Resource . 2.3.2.1 Amount of available storage . 2.3.2.2 Upper and lower operating ground water level limits . 2.3.2.3 Water quality . 2.3.2.4 Requirement for treatment of source waters 2.3.3 inventory of Possible Recharge Sites 2.4 PRELIMINARY STUDIES . 2.4.1 Hydrogeology . 2.4.2 Geoc
36、hemical . 2.4.3 Environment . 2.4.4 Preliminary Modeling . 2.4.5 Laws, Regulations, and Water Rights TYPES OF RECHARGE AND RECOVERY FACILITIES 2.5.1 Surface Recharge . 2.5.1.1 Earth dikes 2.5.1.2 Inflatable fabric dams Public acceptance of recharged ground water Cost vs . quality 2.3.2 2.5 1 1 1 1 1
37、 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 6 7 9 9 9 9 10 10 IO 11 11 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 17 18 18 18 18 18 20 21 ix Previous page is blank . 0759600 0034906 b7L II ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER 2.6 2.7 3 .O 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4.0 4.1 4.2 2.5.1.3 Flashboard dams . 2.5.2 Subsurface Recha
38、rge 2.5.2.1 Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells 2.5.2.2 Recharge through vandose zone (dry) wells 2.5.3 Appurtenances . POTENTIAL PROBLEMS CONCEPTUAL PLAN . 2.7.1 Surface Infiltration Concepts 2.7.3 Recharge Well Concepts . 2.7.4 Reclaimed Waste Water Recharge Concepts . 2.7.5 Site Conditions 2
39、.7.5.1 Conditions surrounding site 2.7.5.2 Surface and subsurface conditions . 2.7.6 Regulatory Requirements 2.7.7 Conceptual Site Plans . 2.7.7.2 Public involvement . 2.7.7.3 Select plans for additional study . 2.7.7.4 Determine additional data required 2.7.2 Soil-Aquifer Treatment Process 2.7.7.1
40、Develop alternative plans . 2.7.7.5 Conceptual plan report FIELD INVESTIGATIONS AND FIELD TESTING . SURFACE EXPLORATION SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION . HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS WATER QUALITY SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL VALUES DESIGN PRELIMINARY DESIGN . 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.1.8 4.1.9 4.1.10 D
41、esign Criteria for Surface Facilities Design Criteria for Subsurface Facilities. . Formalize Alternative Plans . Testing by Modeling Cost, Yields, and Quality Environmental Studies Evaluate Alternative Plans . 4.1.8.1 Public participation . 4.1.8.2 Economic consideration . 4.1.8.3 Data needs assessm
42、ent and collection 4.1.8.4 Laws, regulations, and water rights 4.1.8.5 Select best alternative Reports Public Hearings . Testing by Pilot Project FINAL DESIGN 4.2.1 Environmental Update 4.2.2 Project Life . 4.2.4 Project Operation and Maintenance Plan 4.2.5 Draft Final Report 4.2.3 Availability of S
43、ources . 23 23 24 26 26 26 26 27 28 28 30 32 32 33 34 34 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 38 40 40 42 43 43 43 43 43 43 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 X 0759b00 0034907 508 CONTENTS 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 7.0 7.1 7.2 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 4.2.6 Public Hearing Process . 4.3.7 Handling
44、of Objections . 4.2.8 Final Report 4.2.9 Periodic Review Schedule . REGULATORY AND WATER RIGHTS ISSUES . BACKGROUND . WATER RIGHTS LEGAL ISSUES INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS . ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS, STATEMENTS, AND REVIEWS ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES . POTENTIAL P
45、OSITIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ECONOMICS . COSTS 7.1.1 Land Acquisition Costs . 7.1.2 Right-of-way Acquisition Costs . 7.1.3 Planning Costs 7.1.5 Construction Costs . 7.1.6 Operation and Maintenance Costs . 7.1.7 Contingency Costs . 7.1.8 Permit and Legal Costs . 7.1.9 Replacement Costs . 7.1.10 Deco
46、mmissioning Costs FINANCIAL ANALYSES . 7.1.4 Engineering Costs CONSTRUCTION . RECHARGE WELL DRILLING TECHNIQUES 8.1.1 Cable Tool 8.1.2 Conventional Mud Rotary . 8.1.3 Reverse Circulation Rotary 8.1.4 Air Rotary CONSTRUCTION CHRONOLOGY . 8.2.1 Mobilization 8.2.2 Setting Surface Casings 8.2.3 Pilot Ho
47、le Drilling . 8.2.4 Logging . 8.2.5 Water Quality Sampling 8.2.7 Installing Casing and Screen 8.2.8 Gravel Pack 8.2.9 Annular Seal . 8.2.10 Development and Redevelopment . 8.2.1 1 Pump Testing 8.2.12 Other Activities . 8.2.13 Demobilization CONSTRUCTION RECORDS . 8.2.6 Reaming . 45 45 45 45 45 45 46
48、 46 46 47 47 48 49 49 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 55 55 55 55 xi ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 W 0759600 0034908 444 STARTUP STARTUP PROCEDURES OPERATION PROCEDURE
49、S WELL SHUTDOWN PROCEDURES . OPERATION. MAINTENANCE. AND CLOSURE INTRODUCTION OPERATOR TRAINING RECORD KEEPING OPERATIONAL DATA REQUIREMENTS . 10.4.1 Water Level Measurement . 10.4.2 Water Quality Measurement . TRACKING OPERATION OF FACILITIES PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE . 10.6.1 Maintenance of Surface Recharge Facilities . 10.6.2 Maintenance of Recharge and ASR Wells 10.6.3 Corrosion Protection . POTENTIAL PROBLEMS 10.7.1 Clogging of Surface Recharge Facilities 10.7.2 Clogging of Recharge Wells 10.7.2.1 Suspended material . 10.7.2.3 Air binding 10.7.3 Clogging of a Vandose Zone (Dry
