1、 ASCE STANDARD ASCE/G-I 53-10 American Society of Civil Engineers Compaction Grouting Consensus Guide This document uses both the International System of Units (SI) and customary units. fmatter.indd i fmatter.indd i 5/3/2010 2:10:54 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:54 PMLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication
2、 Data American Society of Civil Engineers. Standards 53-10-Consensus Guide Committee.Compaction grouting consensus guide : ASCE standard ASCE/ G-I53-10 / American Society of Civil Engineers, Standards 53-10-Consensus Guide Committee.p. cm.ISBN 978-0-7844-1094-31. GroutingStandardsUnited States. 2. S
3、oil compaction StandardsUnited States. 3. Soil stabilizationStandards United States. I. Title. TA755.A44 2010 624.151363dc222010014960 Published by American Society of Civil Engineers 1801 Alexander Bell Drive Reston, Virginia 20191 www.pubs.asce.org This standard was developed by a consensus standa
4、rds development process which has been accredited by the American National Stan- dards Institute (ANSI). Accreditation by ANSI, a voluntary accredita- tion body representing public and private sector standards development organizations in the U.S. and abroad, signi es that the standards devel- opmen
5、t process used by ASCE has met the ANSI requirements for openness, balance, consensus, and due process. While ASCEs process is designed to promote standards that re ect a fair and reasoned consensus among all interested participants, while preserving the public health, safety, and welfare that is pa
6、ramount to its mission, it has not made an independent assessment of and does not warrant the accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed herein. ASCE does not intend, nor should anyone interpret, ASCEs standards to replace the sound j
7、udgment of a competent professional, having knowledge and experience in the appropriate eld(s) of practice, nor to substitute for the standard of care required of such professionals in interpreting and applying the contents of this standard. ASCE has no authority to enforce compliance with its stand
8、ards and does not undertake to certify products for compliance or to render any professional services to any person or entity. ASCE disclaims any and all liability for any personal injury, property damage, nancial loss or other damages of any nature whatsoever, including without limitation any direc
9、t, indirect, special, exemplary, or consequential damages, resulting from any persons use of, or reli- ance on, this standard. Any individual who relies on this standard assumes full responsibility for such use. ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Of c
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12、matter.indd ii fmatter.indd ii 5/3/2010 2:10:54 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:54 PMiii STANDARDS In 2003, the Board of Direction approved the revision to the ASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern the writing and maintenance of standards developed by the Society. All such standards are developed by a cons
13、ensus standards process managed by the Societys Codes and Standards Committee (CSC). The consensus process includes balloting by a balanced standards committee made up of Society members and nonmembers, balloting by the membership of the Society as a whole, and balloting by the public. All standards
14、 are updated or reaf rmed by the same process at intervals not exceeding ve years. The following standards have been issued: ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design and Analysis of Nuclear Safety Related Earth Structures ASCE/EWRI 2-06 Measurement of Oxygen Transfer in Clean Water ANSI/ASCE 3-91 S
15、tandard for the Structural Design of Composite Slabs ASCE 4-98 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nuclear Structures Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI 530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 402-02) and Speci cations for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-02/ASCE 6-02/TMS 602-02) ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum
16、Design Loads for Build- ings and Other Structures SEI/ASCE 8-02 Standard Speci cation for the Design of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel Structural Members ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Standard Practice for the Construc- tion and Inspection of Composite Slabs ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures
17、 SEI/ASCE 11-99 Guideline for Structural Condition Assessment of Existing Buildings ASCE/EWRI 12-05 Guideline for the Design of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE/EWRI 13-05 Standard Guidelines for Installa- tion of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE/EWRI 14-05 Standard Guidelines for Opera- tion and Mainte
18、nance of Urban Subsurface Drainage ASCE 15-98 Standard Practice for Direct Design of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations (SIDD) ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Engineered Wood Construction ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported Structures ASCE 18-96 Standard G
19、uidelines for In-Process Oxygen Transfer Testing ASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables for Buildings ASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile Foundations ANSI/ASCE/T hence it is not accidental that nonmandatory language is used throughout the text. But thos
20、e involved in the development of this guide hope that it will become a useful reference for all those interested in compaction grouting. This standard has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and should not be used without the users competent knowledge for a given appli
21、cation. The publication of this standard by ASCE is not intended to warrant that the information contained herein is suitable for any general or speci c use, and ASCE takes no position respecting the validity of patent rights. The user is advised that the determination of patent rights or risk of in
22、fringement is entirely their own responsibility. fmatter.indd v fmatter.indd v 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PMfmatter.indd vi fmatter.indd vi 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PMvii COMPACTION GROUTING COMMITTEE ROSTER Dawn Shuttle, Chair Samuel Bandimere Richard Berry Michael Byle Allen
23、Cadden Jerry Di Maggio Eric Drooff Curtis M. Fitzgerald Jeffrey Geraci Lawrence B. Gruner Michael G. Jefferies Lawrence F. Johnsen Scott Kieffer Michael J. Miluski Silas Nichols Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan James Warner Peter T. Yen fmatter.indd vii fmatter.indd vii 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55
24、PMfmatter.indd viii fmatter.indd viii 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PMix SCOPE OF THE CONSENSUS GUIDE Compaction grouting is a ground improvement tech- nique that improves the strength and/or stiffness of the ground by slow and controlled injection of a low- mobility grout. The soil is displa
25、ced and compacted as the grout mass expands. Provided the injection process progresses in a controlled fashion, the grout material remains as a growing mass within the ground and does not permeate or fracture the soil. This behavior enables consistent densi cation around the expanding grout mass, re
26、sulting in stiff inclusions of grout surrounded by soil of increased density. This guide focuses speci cally on applications of compaction grouting where the increased strength and/or stiffness of the soil due to compaction is a primary element of the ground improvement. Applica- tions where a groun
27、d improvement design requires the injected grout to obtain a strength greater than that of the surrounding soil, although potentially a valid application of low-mobility grout, are not considered to be compaction grouting for the purposes of this guide and hence are beyond the scope of this document
28、. Both practical and theoretical aspects of compac- tion grouting are discussed. This guide follows the guidelines of the ASCE and uses the International System of Units (SI) as the primary system of units; imperial units are also provided in parentheses. Compaction grouting in North America typical
29、ly uses imperial units in the eld; hence many of the SI units have been calculated from the original imperial equivalents. In these cases an effort has been made to keep the “rule of thumb” values in their original form, and some loss of accuracy in the conversion between units may occur. This stand
30、ard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its application. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicabilit
31、y of regulatory and nonregulatory limitations. fmatter.indd ix fmatter.indd ix 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PMfmatter.indd x fmatter.indd x 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PMxi CONTENTS Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Compaction Grouting Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . vii Scope of the Consensus Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1 Introduction to the Compaction Grouting Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 What Is Compaction Grouting?
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Short History of Compaction Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Purpose and Development of This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . 2 2 Mechanics of Compaction Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.1 Basic Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Soil Conditions . . . . . .
36、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.3 Field Evidence on Compaction Grout Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 Compaction Grouting Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.2 Factors Affecting Grout Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3.3 Compos
38、ition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3.4 Design of the Grout Mix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 Grouting in the Field . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.1 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4.2 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2.1 Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 4.2.2 Pumps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、 . 16 4.2.3 Hoses and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2.4 Safety on Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4.2.5 Casings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2.6 Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2.7 Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4.2.8 Pressure Gauges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 4.3 Drilling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 5 Sub
44、surface Investigation for Compaction Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.1 Investigation Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2 General Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 5.2.1 Data Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.2 Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46、 . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.3 Investigation Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 5.2.4 Laboratory Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.2.5 Analysis and Report . . . . . .
47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 5.3 Investigations for Grouting Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.3.1 De ning the Purpose of Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
48、. . . . . . 24 5.3.2 De ning the Mechanism of Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.3.3 Determining the Extent of Grouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 5.3.4 Selecting Exploration Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 5.3.5 Logging of Field Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 fmatter.indd xi fmatter.indd xi 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM 5/3/2010 2:10:55 PM
