1、GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 265 GEO-CHINA 2016 IN SITU AND LABORATORY TEST METHODS FOR SITE CHARACTERIZATION, DESIGN, AND QUALITY CONTROL SELECTED PAPERS FROM THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH GEO-CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE July 2527, 2016 Shandong, China SPONSORED BY Shandong University Sh
2、andong Department of Transportation University of Oklahoma Chinese National Science Foundation Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers EDITED BY Chao Wang, Ph.D. Dave Chang, Ph.D. Hisham Kamal Ameen, Ph.D. Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers Published by American So
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9、 American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-7844-8008-3 (PDF) Manufactured in the United States of America. Preface This Geotechnical Special Publication (GSP) contains 35 papers that were accepted and presented at the GeoChina International Conference on sustainable civil
10、infrastructures: innovative technologies for severe weathers and climate changes, held in Jinan, China on July 25-27, 2016. Major topics covered are in-situ test methods for site characterization, design and quality control of earth structures and subgrades, design and quality control of earth struc
11、tures and subgrades, soil behavior and laboratory testing, and bridge approach embankment. The overall theme of the GSP is in-situ and laboratory test methods for site characterization, design and quality control and all papers address different research findings of this theme. It provides an effect
12、ive means of shearing recent technological advances, engineering applications and research results among scientists, researchers and engineering practitioners. Acknowledgments The following individuals have assisted on preparing the GSP and reviewing the papers: Dr. Abdullah Galaa, Geo-Institute of
13、HBRC, Egypt Dr. Hany Farouk, CEO, Soil-Structure Interaction Group in Egypt (SSIGE) Prof. Khalid M. El-Zahaby, Professor and President of HBRC, Egypt Dr. Sherif Akl, Cairo University, Egypt Dr. Carlos Lam, Civil Engineering and Development Department, Hong Kong, China Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 iii ASCE
14、Contents Construction Issues Associated with the Cold Weather Construction of a Highway Embankment Fill in Alberta, Canada 1 Vishnu Diyaljee Using Coal Mine Water Inrush to Calculate Hydrogeological Parameters 9 Zubao Cao, Hongqi Shao, Jianwen Li, Xinfeng Wang, and Boqiang Wu Spatial Characteristics
15、 of the Continuous Compaction Measured Data of Subgrade 19 Yang Xie, Tan Jiao, Xiaodong Song, Zhihong Nie Stress Distribution under Portable Falling Weight Deflectometer Tests 27 Gordon L. M. Leung, Zhen Leng, and Alan W. G. Wong Bi-Directional Static Load Testing 35 A. Zh. Zhussupbekov, R. E. Lukpa
16、nov, and A. R. Omarov Application of an Electrical Density Gauge for Measuring In Situ Density and Moisture Content . 43 Angella Lekea, Denis Kalumba, and Faridah Chebet Analysis of a Dam Foundation with Vacuum Preloading . 51 Baotong Shi and Xiangxing Kong Foundation Bearing Capacity Test of the Di
17、fferent Forms of Pipe Based on PFC 2DSimulation 56 Rui Huang and Xiangxing Kong Back Analysis of the Stability of Flood-Control Walls Based on Analytical and Numerical Calculations 62 Baotong Shi and Xiangxing Kong Evaluation of the Integrity of Flood-Control Walls by Using the GPR Method 69 Baotong
18、 Shi and Xiangxing Kong Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations Using the Menard Pressuremeter Test Results 76 Nassima Alimrina, Lynda Djerbal, and Ramdane Bahar Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 iv ASCEPost-Compaction Sinkholes in Calcareous Fill: Observations and Possible Causes 84 Mohamed Askar, Hoss
19、am Ali, and Hazem Sarhan Assessment of the Small Strain Stiffness of a Sand-Cement Mixture by Cyclic and Dynamic Test Methods 93 Jacinto Silva, Miguel Azenha, Antnio Gomes Correia, and Lus Rios Study on the Pore Radius of Unsaturated Soil . 102 Daxin Geng, Yingying Wang, and Yuhan Li Influence of Ve
20、rtical Geodrain Characteristics on the Pore Hydrodynamics in the Consolidation Phenomena of Soft Clays 112 Manish V. Shah and Arvind V. Shroff Analysis on a Three-Dimensional Diffusion Mechanism of Multiple Grouting in Fault 121 Peng Li, Qingsong Zhang, Shucai Li, Xianghui Li, and Jinxin Zuo Simulat
21、ed Grouting Diffusion Test in a Fault Medium by Single Injection Pipe . 130 Xiao Zhang, Haiyang Yu, Peng Li, Wensheng Yu, Jianguo Liu Analysis on the Strength of a Fault Gouge with a Preset Structural Plane after Strengthening by C-S Grout . 139 Qingsong Zhang, Peng Li, Xiao Zhang, Haiyang Yu, and J
22、iaqi Zhang Effects of Wetting on the Shear Strength of Plastic Silty Sands 148 Ahmed M. Elsharief, Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein, and Sara H. Saad Numerical Modelling: The Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Permanent Deformation of Unbound Granular Materials . 157 Cheng Chen, Xiaoqing Liu, Lingwe
23、i Kong, and Zhiqiang Ning Behavior of Pile Groups Subjected to Axial Static and Lateral Cyclic Loads in Contaminated Soils . 166 Mahdi Karkush Swelling Characteristics of Wadi Al Dawasir Mudrocks and the Consequential Impact on Light Structures 175 Ahmed T. M. Farid Effect of Density on the Pore Siz
24、e and Pore Volume of Expansive Clays . 183 Bhaskar Chittoori, Arif Ali Baig Moghal, Aravind Pedarla, and A. M. Al-Mahbashi Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 v ASCEEffects of Sample Preparation Methods on the Properties of a Cohesive Soil 191 BoHuan Yang, Jiunnren Lai, ChiLing Pan, and ChunJung Wei Effects of D
25、ifferent Binders on the Strength and Stiffness of Paste Fills 197 Naguleswaran Niroshan, Nagaratnam Sivakugan, and Ryan Veenstra Parametric Study on the Dynamic Interaction of a Centrifugal Shaker and Bucket . 206 Yongzhi Wang, Wang Hai, and Xiaoming Yuan Influence of Fine Content and Water Content
26、on the Permanent Mechanical Behavior of a Granular Material Used in Low Traffic Pavements 215 Peng Jing, Hossein Nowamooz, and Cyrille Chazallon Small Strain Stiffness of Sand under Different Isotropic and Anisotropic Stress Paths Measured by Seismic Wave-Based Testing Techniques 224 Lus Rios, Cludi
27、o Pereira, Antnio Gomes Correia, and Manuel Parente Undrained Soil Behavior under Bidirectional Shear 232 Yao Li, Yunming Yang, Hai-Sui Yu, and Gethin Roberts Influence of Polymers on the Swelling and Shrinkage Characteristics of Montmorillonite Clays 240 M. V. Shah and Deepika Rathore Experimental
28、Analysis on the Properties of Different Cement-Soils with Different Cement Content and Curing Times 248 Weimin Yang, Kang Wang, Liping Li, Shucai Li, Fei Xu, and Shuai Cheng Effect of Moisture Content and Scale on Fine-Grained Soil Compressibility . 262 Tepondjou N. Rosine and Tahsin Toma Sabbagh Fo
29、undation Bearing Capacity at the Critical Limit State . 271 A. S. Zhakulin, Aisulu Zhakulina, Yerken Akhmetov, and Altay Zhakulin Evaluation of the Collapsibility of El Hodna Sabkha SoilAlgeria . 278 Ali Messadand Belkacem Moussai Analysis of CMC-Supported Embankments Considering Soil Arching . 286
30、Balaka Ghosh, Behzad Fatahi, Hadi Khabbaz, and A. H. M. Kamruzzaman Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 vi ASCE Construction Issues Associated with the Cold Weather Construction of a Highway Embankment Fill in Alberta, Canada Vishnu Diyaljee, F.ASCE, P.Eng. 1Managing Director, GAEA Engineering Ltd., 33 Ashby Fie
31、ld Rd., Brampton, ON, Canada L6X 0R4, E-mail: Abstract: There is very little information available in the literature directly related to the compaction of clay type materials in highway embankment construction during cold weather in seasonal frost areas, although every construction season some work
32、 is done during the winter on account of the short construction season normally available in seasonal frost areas. This paper addresses a case study of a low highway embankment fill (less than 3 m in height) constructed during freezing temperatures. This case study embraces compaction behaviour duri
33、ng winter, observations made during spring thaw, embankment remedial works following spring thaw, and the subsequent performance of this roadway. INTRODUCTION With the exception of construction in muskeg areas and areas with very soft ground the construction of highway embankments in freezing weathe
34、r is traditionally not desirable. However, on numerous occasions, construction works in seasonal frost areas do extend into this weather. This is not often intended but occur as a result of (a) the desire to finish a project nearing completion, and (b) to expedite construction works, thus allowing t
35、he Contractor freedom to undertake new projects early the following year. According to Clark (1970), the advantage of cold weather construction for the Contractor is the length of time during which he can keep his crews occupied. A major disadvantage, however, is the difficulty in achieving a good q
36、uality end product. It is perhaps for this latter reason, more than any other, why cold weather construction of highway embankment fill is undertaken with much skepticism. Except for reports by Yoakum (1962), Lovell and Osborne (1968), Clark (1970), Alkire, Hass and Botz (1976) and Burwash and Clark
37、 (1981) there is very little information available in the literature to date directly related to compaction of clay type materials in highway embankment construction during winter periods. The lack of sufficient case studies in the literature is perhaps a main hindrance in deciding on whether or not
38、 construction should be allowed during freezing temperatures. Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 1 ASCE SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION The study site was a 13 km stretch of roadway situated in northeast Alberta, Canada along Secondary road (S.R.) 831:08 (km 12 to km 25) between the County of Thorhild Boundary an
39、d S.R. 661:02. This stretch of roadway was to be upgraded to meet Alberta Transportations design designation - RAU-209-100 which depicts a finished roadway of 9 m top width, 4:1 sideslopes in fill sections and a 3.5 m wide ditch. PROJECT BACKGROUND Upgrading of S.R. 831:08 was awarded as an Alberta
40、Transportation (Province of Alberta Department of Highways) Contract on August 26, 1982. Actual roadway operations commenced on September 17, 1982 and was terminated by the Contractor on October 29, 1982 on account of financial problems after only 4 km of roadway (km 21 to 25) had been constructed.
41、The remaining 9 km between km 12 and km 21 was negotiated with another Contractor. This stretch of roadway was constructed during the winter months and forms the subject of this paper. Prior to construction, the roadway design gradeline was revised to allow for a minimum of 300 mm of fill over the e
42、xisting road top. This revision placed most of the roadway cross-section in fill. SOILS ALONG ALIGNMENT Prior to the design of the roadway a soils survey investigation was undertaken and completed on February 11, 1982 to determine the characteristics of the subsoils along the roadway alignment and p
43、rospective borrow areas. Fifty (50) boreholes were drilled along the alignment to a maximum depth of 2m and approximately 2m right of the existing roadway centerline. The soil profile deduced from these borings consisted of 0.10 to 0.15 m of low-cost oil bound wearing surface overlying glacial till
44、containing mainly gravel size particles. According to the modified Unified Soil Classification System, the fill was predominantly of the CI and CI-CL soil types (low to medium plasticity soils. In comparing the field moisture contents with the plastic limits, the soils were generally 1 to 4% above t
45、he plastic limits with the majority of values about 2% greater. BORROW PIT SOILS Ten prospective dugout borrow areas and two landscape borrows were investigated adjacent to the alignment. Boreholes were drilled to a maximum depth of 3m. During the course of construction, some of these borrow locatio
46、ns were shifted on account of poor ground conditions or at the landowners request. Borrow pits were distributed about one per kilometer and were generally within 200 m left or right of the roadway Geo-China 2016 GSP 265 2 ASCE centerline. Pits were located in treed areas in the case of dugout borrow
47、s and on cultivated land in the case of landscape borrows. Nine dugout borrow pits were used for the winter construction with grain size analyses of the soils shown in Fig.1. Standard Proctor compaction tests were carried out on the soils during working of the pits to facilitate quality control of t
48、he embankment construction. Pits were generally stripped one ahead of completion of working the previous pit. Since test results could not always be attained before moving material to site, estimates of the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density were used to judge the field compaction. The
49、se estimates were determined using the Alberta Family of Curves (MEB2, 1982). All field results were finally related to Proctor values determined from actual testing (Fig. 2). EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION - WINTER OF 1982 Air Temperatures during Construction Roadway construction operations by the new contractor recommenced on November 7, 1982 with earthmoving beginning from km 22 proceeding southwards to km 12. The daily temperature variation throughout the month of November showed that there was a general steady decline in temperature fr
