1、 GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 93NATIONAL GEOTECHNICALEXPERIMENTATION SITESEDITED BYJean BenoitAlan J. LuteneggerSASllfllAe AmerlClln Society.ofCivil Engl,.1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVERESTON, VIRGINIA 20191-4400Abstract: A system ofNational Geotechnical Experimentation Sites (NGES) is available
2、inthe United States. This program provides easy access to well-characterized and documentedfield test sites with a wide range ofgeological conditions for the purpose ofadvancing thestate ofthe art in areas such as in situ testing, instrumentation, prediction ofsoil behavior,and foundation prototype
3、testing. This volume compiles technical information on thefollowing NGES: Treasure Island Naval Station, Texas A no. 93)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 0-7844-0484-41. Soils-United States-Testing. 2. Rocks-United States-Testing.3. Foundations-United States-Testing. 4. Engineering
4、geology-United States.1. Benoit, Jean. II. Lutenegger, AJ. III. SeriesTA710.5. N36 2000624.1 51 072073-dc21 00-022935Any statements expressed in these materials are those ofthe individual authors and do notnecessarily represent the views ofASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statementmade he
5、rein. No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, processor service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof byASCE. The materials are for general information only and do not represent a standard ofASCE, nor are they intended as a referenc
6、e in purchase specifications, contracts,regulations, statutes, or any other legal document. ASCE makes no representation orwarranty ofany kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness,suitability, or utility ofany information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in thi
7、spublication, and assumes no liability therefore. This information should not be used withoutfirst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specificapplication. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use,including but not limited
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10、ssed to Permissions leasured Behavior ofFive Spread Footings on Sand,42 Servicea“4ility ofEarth Retaining Structures43 Fracture Mechanics Applied to Geotechnical Engineering44 Ground Failures Under Seismic Conditions4S In Situ Deep Soil Improvement46 Geoenvironment 200047 Geo-Environmental Issues Fa
11、cing the Americas48 Soil Suction Applications in Geotechnical Engineering49 Soil Improvement/or Earthquake Hazard Mitigation50 Foundation Upgrading andRepairfor Infrastructure Improvement51 Performance ofDeep Foundations Under Seismic Loading52 Landslides Under Static andDynamic Conditions-Analysis,
12、 Monitoring, andMitigation53 Landfill Closures-Environmental Protection andLandRecovery54 Earthquake Design and Performance ofSolid Waste Landfills55 Earthquake-Induced Movements and Seismic Remediation ofExisting FoundationsandAbutments56 Static and Dynamic Properties ofGravelly Soils57 Verificatio
13、n ofGeotechnical Grouting58 Uncertainty in the Geologic Environment59 Engineered Contaminated Soils and Interaction ofSoil Geomembranes60 Analysis andDesign 0/Retaining Structures Against Earthquakes61 Measuring andModeling Time Dependent Soil Behavior62 Case Histories ofGeophysics Applied to Civil
14、Engineering andPublic Policy63 Design with Residual Materials: Geotechnical and Construction Considerations64 Observation andModeling in Numerical Analysis andModel Tests in DynamicSoil-Structure Interaction Problems65 Dredging andManagement 0/Dredged Material66 Grouting: Compaction, Remediation and
15、 Testing67 Spatial Analysis in Soil Dynamics andEarthquake Engineering68 Unsaturated Soil Engineering Practice69 Ground Imprl!vement, Ground Reinforcement, Ground Treatment: Developments1987-199770 Seismic Analysis andDesign for Soil-Pile-Structure Interactions71 In Situ Remediation 0/the Geoenviron
16、ment72 Degradation ofNatural Building Stone73 Innovative Design and Construction/or Foundations andSubstructures Subject toFreezing and Frost74 Guidelines o/Engineering Practicefor Braced and Tied-Back Excavations75 Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering andSoil Dynamics III76 Geosynthetics in Foundati
17、on Reinforcement andErosion Control Systems77 Stability ofNatural Slopes in the Coastal Plain78 Filtration andDrainage in GeotechnicaVGeoenvironmental Engineering79 RecycledMaterials in Geotechnical Applications80 Grouts and Grouting: t4 Potpourri 0/Projects81 Soil Improvement/or Big Digs82 Risk-Bas
18、ed Corrective Action andBrownjields Restorations83 Design and Construction ofEarth Retaining Systems84 Ef/ects ofConstruction on Structures85 Application ofGeotechnical Principles in Pavement Engineering86 Big Digs Aroundthe World87 Jacked Tunnel Design and Construction88 Analysis, Design, Construct
19、ion, and Testing ofDeep Foundations89 Recent Advances in the Characterization ofTransportation Geo-Materials90 Geo-Engineering/or Underground Facilities91 Special Geotechnical Testing: Central Artery/TunnelProject in Boston,Massachusetts92 Behavioral Characteristics ofResidualSoils93 National Geotec
20、hnical Experimentation SitesPREFACEA 1988 workshop funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) was heldat the University of New Hampshire to investigate the need for establishingpermanent test sites in the United States for geotechnical research. The results fromthe discussions at this workshop
21、led to the creation of the National GeotechnicalExperimentation Sites (NGES). Other workshops followed and sites were selectedas primary NOES. In 1992, funding was provided by ajoint partnership between theNSF and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). A management system wascreated consisting o
22、f a system manager and a management board. Following thisinitial and significant seed grant for NOES by NSF and FHWA, funding to maintainthe sites and the associated database was provided by FHWA. Other activities andresearch at these sites have been funded by various agencies and the private sector
23、.In 1998, the National Council for the Geo-Engineering and Construction (the Geo Council) assumed responsibility for the administration and management of the NOESprogram. The Geo-Council, comprising 10 geo-related professional societies andtrade associations plans to reinvigorate the NGES program wi
24、th a vision and missionto serve the entire geo-community with high-quality research sites and data.Since its genesis in 1988, a number of people have contributed to the successof NOES at various stages of its existence. The support, encouragement and advicefrom the following individuals (we apologiz
25、e for any unintended omissions) throughworkshops and/or management are greatly appreciated by the geo-community:C.J. AstilllA. AuxtF. BaguelinL. BedingfieldR.H. BordenJ.L. BriaudD.A.BrownR.G. CampanellaG. CastroW.A. CharlieR. ChungG.W. CloughC.M. CoolingR.R. DavidsonP.A. de AlbaA.F. DiMillioDJ. Elto
26、nJ.R. FarisR.J. FinnoA.G. FranklinL.F. HarderR.D. HoltzT. HolzerM.IamiolkowskiT. KokushoS. LacasseC.C.LaddP.C. LambeP.W.MayneV.C. McGuffeyF.G.McLeanJ.K. MitchellD.NewcombG.M. NorrisR.E. OlsonM.W. ONeillP.P. NelsonJ. PhilipP.K. RobertsonL. RockersA.S. SaadaR. SatyanayaranaS.M. SawyerL. SchroederC.K.
27、ShenM. SilverP.H. SmeallieR.C. SpeckK.P. StetsonK.H. Stokoe, ITL.R. TaylorF.C. TownsendM.T. TumayJ.P. WelshR.D. WoodsT.L. YoudT.T. ZimmieThese proceedings on the National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites wereprepared with the intent to assemble, in a single document, technical information onthe NG
28、ES. This publication includes details on site characterization andexperimentation perfonned at each site by the site manager and by other users,describes the database and addresses the future outlook for NGES. It is hoped thatthis document will serve as a reference for potential users of NOES and fo
29、r otherswithin the geo-professions, including students, interested in well-documented site specific data.All papers published in these proceedings have been peer-reviewed by at leasttwo anonymous reviewers in accordance with the standards of ASCE and the Oeo Institute. Required revisions were made b
30、y the authors prior to final acceptance andpublication. All papers are eligible for discussion in the ASCE Journal ofGeotechnical and Geo-Environmental Engineering and for ASCE awards. Theefforts and diligence from all reviewers and authors are greatly appreciated and arereflected in the quality of
31、these proceedings. Several of these papers were presentedat sessions during the A2K Specialty Conference on Performance Verification ofConstructed Geotechnical Facilities in Amherst, Massachusetts, April 9-12, 2000.We hope that the geo-professions and students can take advantage of andbenefit from t
32、he National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites Program.Jean BenoitUniversity of New HampshireAlan J. LuteneggerUniversity of Massachusetts-AmherstCONTENTSThe United States National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites Program:The First Decade 1Jean BenoitThe National Geotechnical Experimentation Sites
33、 at Texas A BenoIt et ale 1994). These sites are listedin Table 1. The table also includes two new sites added in the summer of 1996 andone additional site added in the summer of 1997 and funded starting in the summerof 1999. Figure 1 shows the geographical location of each of the level I and II sit
34、es.Five of the forty initial sites were selected at a second NSFIFHWA sponsoredworkshop (BenOIt and de Alba 1991), classified as Level I or Level IT sites, andrecommended for immediate funding. The remaining sites were classified asLevel ill sites. Level I sites are those sites which most closely fi
35、t the combinedcriteria of research areas identified through several workshops as being of significantnational importance, and featuring favorable site characteristics. Theme researchareas are: geotechnical earthquake engineering (liquefaction, site amplification, andpermanent deformations), calibrat
36、ion of new equipment, proof testing of siteimprovement techniques, geo-environmental problems, expansive clay problems andfoundation prototype testing. Sites qualifying in the theme areas were also screenedbased on a short list of site characteristics consisting of: soil types and stratification,sit
37、e size, interest and energy of site proponents, security, and Iong-tenn accessibility.Level IT sites fit most of the requirements, but have size limitations in their currentconfigurations. These sites may be expanded under the initiative of their proponentsso that they might eventually be upgraded t
38、o Level 1. Level ill sites did notadequately meet the requirements with the exception of the two recent NGBSadditions. These sites were not recommended for immediate financial support, butmay be considered at a later date should their condition improve to fit therequirements. For both Level I and Le
39、vel II sites, detailed individual field andlaboratory test results are an integral part of the database, and are made accessible topotential users and researchers, allowing them to review the quality and numericaldetails of the results.An initial and significant grant was obtained from NSF and FHWA
40、in 1992to establish the NGES system of sites. A management structure consisting of amanagement board and a system manager was created to oversee the developmentof these sites and, most importantly, to insure the continued maintenance andenhancement of the NGES system in the long tenn, by encouraging
41、 the use of thesesites, and identifying sources of private and public funding for further development.Funds were distributed to two Level I sites (Treasure Island Naval Station and TexasAtEffects Research Facility at U.S. Anny Cold Regions Hanover, New Hampshirc1-87/1-90Imerchangc Albany, New YorkLo
42、ckport Expressway Erie County, New YorkMassena High School Massena, New YorkRoute 37 over OBPA Railroad Ogdcnsburg, New YorkState Fair Boulevard/Oswego Boulevard Syracuse, New York6 miles west of Wagoner, OK on SH52 Wagoner, OklahomaChamberlain, South Dakota Chamberlain, South DakotaFamily Hospital
43、Center Site Amarillo, TexasTexas Ajtili=-IeaI(-_-11- -Ranoldj-.Water Content Unit Weight Particle SizeVertical Effective Undrained Shear(%) (kN/w) Distribution (%)Stress (kPa) Strength (kPa)0 50 100 14 18 22 050 100 0 700 1400 0 50 100r-I SAND Ki Field VanefW-Wrt!LIL_FIES-“-“.-. I I I I 1 r1It-e1: ,
44、1“1 r-J l I I I I,DescriptionFILLSands I Unit Weight(kN/w)18otI1otd();!j/)/),.II.I:W:JUT cr P- (J,. GRAVELFINES. SANDParticle Size Vertical Effective Undrained ShearDistribution (%) Stress (kPa) Strength (kPa)o 50 100 0 100 200 300 0 300 60022-.- i-“ .IYp.YWNIi=IWater Content(%)o 50 100 14Descriptio
45、nStiffto VeryStiffClayVery StifftoHard ClayVery Hard Qayto Clay Shale051015S 200Q25303540Figure 4: Generalized Soil Profile for Texas AI .-.;Q 141-1f-f16Ie18HFigure 8: Generalized Soil Profile for the University ofHoustonDescription Standard Penetration Cone Tip Penetration Pore Sleeve FrictionTest
46、(blows/O.3 m) Resistance (MPa) Pressure (MPa) (MPa)0 20 40 60 0 10 20 30 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 0.0 0.4 0.80Stiffto v. stiff2 red 16NATIONAL GEOTECHNICAL EXPERlMENTATION SITESmedium nonnally consolidated clay and extends to a depth of approximately 5 to6m.A summary of the geotechnical characteristics is sh
47、own in Figure 10 whileresults of SPT and CPTU profiles are shown in Figure 11. Ground water is locatedat a depth of about 1.5 m with variations occurring with seasonal changes.Nonhwestem UniversityThe Lakefill site at Northwestern University in Evanston, TIlinois, was thelocation of the pile predict
48、ion symposium event held in conjunction with the 1989Foundation Engineering Congress (Finno 1989). This experimental site isapproximately 0.6 hectare.The idealized profile in Figure 12 shows a 7.0 to .8.5 m fine dense to verydense sand fill followed by 13.7 to 15.2 m of soft to medium clay and 6.4 t
49、o 6.7 mof stiff to hard gravelly clay and silt. Beneath this hard stratum, dolomite bedrockis encountered. Typical SPT and CPTU soundings are given in Figure 13. The watertable is approximately 4.6 m below ground surface reflecting the level of adjacentLake Michigan.Spring VillaThe Spring Villa NOES is located south ofOpelika, Alabama, on a 320 acresite which belongs to Auburn
