1、 ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 102Design Guide for FRP Composite ConnectionsBy Ayman S. Mosallam, Ph.D., P.E.Sponsored bythe Structural Composites and Plastics Committee ofthe Construction Institute ofthe American Society of Civil EngineersLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Pub
2、lication DataMosallam, Ayman S.Design guide for FRP composite connections / by Ayman S. Mosallam.p. cm. (ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice ; no. 102)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-0612-01. BuildingsJointsDesign and construction. 2. BuildingsJointsMateria
3、ls. 3. Fiber-reinforced plasticsJoints. I. Title.TH2060.M67 2011690.1dc222011011347Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.pubs.asce.orgAny statements expressed in these materials are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily re
4、present the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein. No reference made in this publication to any specifi c method, product, process, or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by ASCE. The materials are for general inform
5、ation only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as a reference in purchase specifi cations, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether express or implied, concerning the accuracy, completeness,
6、 suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. This information should not be used without fi rst securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specifi c application. Anyone
7、utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, including but not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Offi ce.Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce mat
8、erial from ASCE publications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title in ASCEs online database (http:/cedb.asce.org) and using the “Permission to Reuse” link. Bulk reprints. Information regarding reprints of 100 or more copies is available at http:/www.asce.
9、org/reprints.Copyright 2011 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-0612-0Manufactured in the United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 193
10、0, and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of facts on a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and applications of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineer in his o
11、r her everyday work, rather than fi ndings that may be useful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “stan-dard,” however; nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which
12、 expresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of a committee or group selected to assemble and express information on a specifi c topic. As often as practicable, the committee is under the direction of one or more of the Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved
13、has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of the Division or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often brought before the members of the Technical Divisions and Councils for comment, which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, ea
14、ch work shows the names of the com-mittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the several pro-cesses through which it has passed in review, in order that its merit may be defi nitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction voted to establish a serie
15、s entitled “Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All such Manual or Report material of the Society would have been ref-ereed in a manner approved by the Boa
16、rd Committee on Publications and would be bound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In some cases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publications may be authorized.MANUA
17、LS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE CURRENTLY AVAILABLENo. Title28 Hydrology Handbook, Second Edition40 Ground Water Management45 Consulting Engineering: A Guide for the Engagement of Engineering Services49 Urban Planning Guide50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors54 Sedimentat
18、ion Engineering57 Management, Operation and Maintenance of Irrigation and Drainage Systems60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildings and Structures71 Agricu
19、ltural Salinity Assessment and Management73 Quality in the Constructed Project: A Guide for Owners, Designers, and Constructors74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading, Third Edition77 Design and Construction of Urban Stormwater Management Systems80 Ship Channel Design81 Gui
20、delines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation82 Odor Control in Wastewater Treatment Plants84 Mechanical Connections in Wood Structures85 Quality of Ground Water91 Design of Guyed Electrical Transmission Structures92 Manhole Inspection and Rehabilitation, Second Edition93 Crane Safety on Constr
21、uction Sites94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, and Channels95 Urban Subsurface DrainageNo. Title97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts and Practice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Water and Wastewater Treatment100 Groundwater Contamination by Organic Pollutants: Analysis and Remediation101 Underwater Invest
22、igations102 Design Guide for FRP Composite Connections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining Great Civil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products for Overhead Utility Line Structures105 Animal Waste Containment in Lagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel
23、Design and Operation108 Pipeline Design for Installation by Horizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants110 Sedimentation Engineering: Processes, Measurements, Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of Utility Pole Structur
24、es112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design of Structural Steel for Fire Conditions115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigation Engineering Practice and Ethical Standards117 Inspecting Pipeline Installation118 Belowground Pipeline Networks for Utility Cab
25、les119 Buried Flexible Steel Pipe: Design and Structural Analysis120 Trenchless Renewal of Culverts and Storm Sewers121 Safe Operation and Maintenance of Dry Dock Facilities122 Sediment Dynamics upon Dam RemovalPREFACEIn recent years, the construction industry has realized the potential of using fi
26、ber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in construction applica-tions. As with any emerging technology, the construction industry and civil engineering community struggled with the design and application of these systems. Frequently, engineers experienced tremendous diffi cul-ties when they attempte
27、d to utilize FRP materials in a manner similar to practice with conventional materials such as steel, concrete, and wood. One obstacle was a lack of design standards and authoritative codes for the use of FRP materials in construction applications. Despite the fact that there was a great deal of res
28、earch and applications information available from the aerospace industry, which spanned more than a half-century, civil engineers are still searching for ways to convince themselves as to the reliability, applicability, and structural effi ciency of FRP materials. The Construction Institutes Structu
29、ral Composites and Plastics Committee (SCAP) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) recognized the need for developing reliable design specifi cations for FRP composites and has been working with the composite industry and the civil engineering community to achieve this goal.One FRP compo
30、site product that is getting attention from the construc-tion industry is pultruded FRP (PFRP) composites. PFRP composites have been available for the past 40 years or so, and they are popular in specifi c industries for their noncorrosiveness, electromagnetic trans-parency, and high strength-to-wei
31、ght characteristics. For this reason, they have been used mainly by structural engineerswith some exceptionsas secondary, nonstructural applications. SCAP has been taking the lead in providing reliable information on PFRP composite materials. In the late 1980s, two pioneering publications were devel
32、oped by SCAP, vvi PREFACEnamely, the Structural Plastic Design Manual in 1984, and the Structural Plastics Selection Manual in 1985. In 1995, ASCE jointly with the Pultrusion Industry Council (PIC) of the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) launched a multiphase project with a long-range goal of
33、developing accepted stan-dards for structural design, fabrication, and erection of PFRP composite structural systems. The fi rst phase of the project was completed in 1996 with a prestandard document that was co-developed by the author. Cur-rently, the second phase of the PFRP standard development p
34、roject is underway and is expected to be available to the public in the near future. As a continuing effort by ASCE-SCAP, this publication is aimed at provid-ing analytical and design information on critical aspects that are essential in designing PFRP composite structures, that is, PFRP plate joint
35、s and frame shear and moment connections.This technical design manual, comprising nine chapters, covers major issues related to the analysis and design of composite joints and frame connections that are lacking in other national and international standards, design manuals, and technical publications
36、. In this manual, the term “joint” refers to plate shear joints such as single- and double-lap joints that are commonly used in aerospace applications, and some civil engi-neering structural elements such as gusset plates for PFRP trusses and bracing members. The term “connection” in this manual ref
37、ers to civil engineering-type construction framing joints between structural members such as beams, girders, columns, bases and foundations, and truss members. Examples of these typical connection details are presented and discussed in Chapters 7 and 8 of this manual.Topics covered herein are: (1) d
38、esign philosophy and design consider-ations for structural composite members and connections; (2) basic infor-mation and research and development work on the mechanics of fasteners and bolted composite joints; (3) analysis and design methods for bolted composite joints; (4) basic physical and mechan
39、ical information on struc-tural adhesives and bonded composite joints; (5) analysis and design methods for bonded composite joints; (6) structural performance com-bined (bolted/bonded) joints; (7) basic information and research and development related to PFRP framing connections; (8) analysis and de
40、sign methods for PFRP framing connections; and (9) numerical analysis review of available fi nite element codes suitable for modeling and designing composite frame structures. Throughout this manual, step-by-step practi-cal numerical design examples and connection details are presented to make this
41、manual unique, more effective for designers, and suitable as an undergraduate and graduate textbook. In addition, and in order to facili-tate the analysis and design procedures, FORTRAN computer codes were developed to analyze both single- and multi-bolted pultruded composite joints as well as adhes
42、ively bonded joints. The bolted joints program is based on experimental studies conducted on a large number of typical PREFACE viioff-the-shelf pultruded composite joint specimens. User instructions are provided, in addition to several graphs generated from these programs to assist design engineers,
43、 at the Construction Institute Web site, http:/www.constructioninst.org. A second computer code for analyzing adhe-sively bonded composite joints is available at the same site, along with user instructions. This program is based on a simplifi ed approach devel-oped by NASA. The Web site provides inf
44、ormation on using these FORTRAN programs and fi nite element animation for selected FE models described in Chapter 9.This manual is intended for structural engineers (civil, aerospace, mechanical, naval, etc.) designing with FRP composites in general and pultruded composites in particular. It is als
45、o a useful source of infor-mation for composite manufacturers, especially pultruders, FRP fabrica-tors, contractors, code and national standards developers, buildings offi cials, and academics and researchers as well as undergraduate and graduate students and others who have interest in composite fr
46、ame connections.I gratefully acknowledge the support of the ASCE Construction Insti-tute led by Dr. Marvin Oey, the SCAP committee chaired by Dr. Albert Doris, and the contributions of all members of SCAP. Special thanks to Professor Hota GangaRao, West Virginia University, for his valuable tech-nic
47、al contributions and for his careful technical review of the manuscript, and to Professor Robert Yuan, Lamar University, for his assistance in providing the Phase I ASCE/SCAP Connections Report. Thanks also go to the two technical review panels of this manual.The technical contributions of the follo
48、wing individuals are highly acknowledged:Dr. L. J. Hart-Smith, Boeing Company, Long Beach, California, for his constructive advice and support, and for providing valuable technical information that was used throughout this manual,Dr. Chris Chamis of NASA-Glenn for providing valuable information on b
49、olted and adhesively bonded composite joints,Mr. Xiantan Liu, Air Cargo Co., Los Angeles, California, and Professor Jesa Kreiner of California State University at Fullerton, for their valuable contributions in Chapter 9 related to fi nite element modeling of PFRP frames,Dr. Hussein Elsanadedy of the Helwan University, Egypt, for his efforts in the development of the FORTRAN computer codes for bolted and bonded joints,Professor Nahla Hassan of Ain Shams University, Egypt, and Mr. C. Rosner, indep
