1、ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 134Edited byGeorge F. Ruchti Jr.Water Pipeline Condition AssessmentPrepared by theTask Committee on Water Pipeline Condition AssessmentASCE Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice No. 134Water PipelineCondition AssessmentPrepared by theTask Co
2、mmittee on Water Pipeline Condition AssessmentEdited byGeorge F. Ruchti Jr.Sponsored by thePipeline Division of theUtility Engineering and Surveying Institute of theAmerican Society of Civil EngineersPublished by the American Society of Civil EngineersReston, VirginiaLibrary of Congress Cataloging-i
3、n-Publication DataNames: Ruchti, George F., editor. | Utility Engineering and Surveying Institute (AmericanSociety ofCivilEngineers). TaskCommitteeonWaterPipelineCondition Assessment,author.|Utility Engineering and Surveying Institute (American Society of Civil Engineers). PipelineDivision, sponsori
4、ng body.Title:Waterpipelineconditionassessment/preparedbytheTaskCommitteeonWaterPipelineConditionAssessment;editedbyGeorgeF.RuchtiJr.;sponsoredbythePipelineDivisionoftheUtility Engineering and Surveying Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers.Description: Reston, Virginia : The American
5、 Society of Civil Engineers, 2017 |Series: ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice ; no. 134 | Includes index.Identiers: LCCN 2017015211| ISBN 9780784414750 (soft cover : alk. paper) |ISBN 9780784480588 (PDF) | ISBN 9780784480656 (ePUB)Subjects: LCSH: Water-pipesTesting. | Water-pipesEvalua
6、tion.Classication: LCC TD491 .W378 2017 | DDC 621.8/672dc23 LC record available at https:/lccn.loc.gov/2017015211Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191-4382www.asce.org/bookstore | ascelibrary.orgAny statements expressed in these materials are
7、 those of the individual authors and do notnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofASCE,whichtakesnoresponsibilityforanystatementmadeherein. No reference made in this publication to any specic method, product, process, orserviceconstitutesorimpliesanendorsement,recommendation,orwarrantythereofbyASCE.The mater
8、ials are for general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, norare they intended as a reference in purchase specications, contracts, regulations, statutes, orany other legal document. ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whetherexpress or implied, concerning the a
9、ccuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of anyinformation, apparatus, product, or process discussed in this publication, and assumes noliabilitytherefor.Theinformationcontainedinthesematerialsshouldnotbeusedwithoutrstsecuringcompetent advicewithrespect toits suitabilityfor anygeneral orspecic
10、 application.Anyone utilizing such information assumes all liability arising from such use, including butnot limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and TrademarkOfce.Photocopies and permissions. Permission to photocopy o
11、r reproduce material from ASCEpublications can be requested by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locatinga title in the ASCE Library (http:/ascelibrary.org) and using the “Permissions” link.Errata: Errata, if any, can be found at https:/doi.org/10.1061/9780784414750.Copyright 2017 by th
12、e American Society of Civil Engineers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1475-0 (print)ISBN 978-0-7844-8058-8 (PDF)ISBN 978-0-7844-8065-6 (ePUB)Manufactured in the United States of America.24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 1 2 3 4 5Cover photo: Courtesy of Pure Technologies U.S.MANUALS AND REPORTS ONENGINEER
13、ING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930,and revised March 1935, February 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation offacts on a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitationsand applications of t
14、hese facts. It contains information useful to the averageengineer in his or her everyday work, rather than ndings that may beuseful only occasionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “standard,”however; nor is it so elementary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule ofthumb” for nonengineers.Furth
15、ermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (whichexpresses only one persons observations or opinions), is the work of acommittee or group selected to assemble and express information on aspecic topic. As often as practicable the committee is under the directionof one or more of the
16、 Technical Divisions and Councils, and the productevolved has been subjected to review by the Executive Committee of theDivision or Council. As a step in the process of this review, proposedmanuscripts are often brought before the members of the TechnicalDivisions and Councils for comment, which may
17、 serve as the basis forimprovement. When published, each work shows the names of thecommittees by which it was compiled and indicates clearly the severalprocesses through which it has passed in review, so that its merit may bedenitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982), the Boar
18、d of Directionvoted to establish a series titled “Manuals and Reports on EngineeringPractice,” to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, futureManuals of Professional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. Allsuch Manual or Report material of the Society would have been refere
19、ed ina manner approved by the Board Committee on Publications and would bebound, with applicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals.Numbering would be consecutive and would be a continuation of presentManual numbers. In some cases of joint committee reports, bypassing ofJournal publication
20、s may be authorized.A list of available Manuals of Practice can be found at http:/www.asce.org/bookstore.This page intentionally left blankCONTENTSPREFACE.ixACKNOWLEDGMENTSxi1. INTRODUCTION 11.1 Condition Assessment.21.2 Pertinent Websites61.3 Related Documents71.4 Acronyms72. DATA COLLECTION AND MA
21、NAGEMENT . 112.1 Data Management112.2 Historical Documents122.3 Condition Assessment Reports123. PLANNING. 193.1 Documentation of Pipeline Assets.203.2 Prioritization and Scheduling.213.3 Planning Condition Assessment Logistics .274. PIPE MATERIALS: CAST IRON AND DUCTILE IRON. 294.1 History.304.2 Co
22、ndition Issues.324.3 Condition Assessment Techniques374.4 Condition Determination384.5 Rehabilitation Practices.39References415. PIPE MATERIALS: CONCRETE 435.1 History.435.2 Condition Issues.49v5.3 Inspection Procedures525.4 Condition Assessment.535.5 Rehabilitation Practices.54References566. PIPE M
23、ATERIALS: STEEL 576.1 History.586.2 Condition Issues.616.3 Inspection Procedures636.4 Condition Determination646.5 Rehabilitation Practices.65References667. PIPE MATERIALS: FIBERGLASS. 677.1 History.677.2 Condition Issues.697.3 Inspection Procedures717.4 Condition Determination727.5 Repair Practices
24、73References778. PIPE MATERIALS: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE 798.1 Introduction 798.2 History.838.3 Condition Issues.848.4 Inspection Procedures878.5 Condition Determination878.6 Rehabilitation Practices.87References889. PIPE MATERIALS: ASBESTOS CEMENT. 899.1 History.909.2 Condition Issues.929.3 Inspection P
25、rocedures969.4 Rehabilitation Practices and Repair Mechanisms100References 10110. PIPE INSPECTION TOOLS 10310.1 Inspection Techniques for Low Risk Pipelines10310.2 Inspection Techniques for Medium Risk Pipelines.11410.3 Inspection Techniques for High Risk Pipelines.12110.4 Recent Developments in Con
26、dition Assessment Toolsand Technologies131References13311. CONDITION ASSESSMENT REPORT 13511.1 Introduction 135vi CONTENTS11.2 Summary of Field Testing Program13711.3 Data Analysis13811.4 Structural Analysis.13911.5 Risk Ranking Analysis 14211.6 Using the Condition Assessment Report14512. CASE STUDI
27、ES 14912.1 Weber Basin Water Conservancy District, Utah:Water Supply Aqueducts Condition AssessmentUsing Multiple Inspection Technologies 15012.2 Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department, Florida:Pipediver Inspection15712.3 Tarrant Regional Water District, Texas: Condition-BasedMaintenance of a Water T
28、ransmission System15912.4 San Diego County Water Authority, California:Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspection17012.5 Pinellas County Utilities, Florida: Subaqueous PipelineInspection17312.6 Dallas Water Utilities, Texas: Water ManagementProgram.18612.7 City of Houston Department of Public Works andEnginee
29、ring, Texas: Rehabilitation of 60-Year-OldCast Iron Water Line .189INDEX. 199CONTENTS viiThis page intentionally left blankPREFACEThis Manual of Practice provides an investigator with an appropriatepath to adequately determine the structural status of an individual pipelineor pipeline system. The ma
30、nual provides recommendations and informa-tion to assist in a detailed approach to prioritize a program and develop anaccurate determination of the condition of the individual pipelines. Withan understanding of the structure of such a program, understanding thenature of the materials to be evaluated
31、, the tools available for the evalua-tion, and what information thendings should provide, the Water PipelineCondition Assessment report can and should provide critical input to anasset management program.The “Introduction” walks the reader through the steps to achieve thisgoal and provides the frame
32、work for this manual. The next chaptersprovide information on the type of reporting that utilities should beimplementing and the planning that then goes into the structure of thecondition assessment. Six chapters, written by experts in each material,discuss pipeline materials including cast iron, du
33、ctile iron, concrete (allvariations), steel, berglass, PVC, and asbestos cement pipe. Althoughrepair, rehabilitation, or replacement of the individual materials is not afunction of the condition assessment, they are an important part of an assetmanagement program; therefore, information on each prod
34、uct has beenprovided for assistance. “Pipe Inspection Tools” deals with the varioustools available for the assessment, for which materials they can be used,and what they can and cannot accomplish. The Condition AssesmentReport chapter provides an understanding of the results that should beexpected,
35、and the “Case Studies” provide guidance from actual projectscovering the majority of the pipe products that have been available.ixThis page intentionally left blankACKNOWLEDGMENTSTask Committee on Water Pipeline Condition AssessmentChair: George F. Ruchti Jr., M. ASCE, Lockwood, Andrews that is, it
36、must address not only the present state ofa pipeline but also make some determination of its remaining service life.Therearefewabsolutes associatedwithaconditionassessment programorthe results of such a program, but there is one absolute in not pursuing aprogram, and that is the eventual loss of fun
37、ctionality of the system andincreased risk to the public.The service life of an asset is the time period the asset meets the denedneeds of the owner. The current dened needs may be different from theoriginal. Remaining life estimates usually result in very broad forecasts,such asThe asset replacemen
38、t or decommissioning is required as soon aspossible;Over the next 20 years with normal maintenance, the asset ispredicted to meet the owners needs; orMajormaintenanceisrequiredwithinthenext10yearsfortheassettomeet the owners needs.Deterioration may occur on the exterior surface, the interior surface
39、, orboth. It may take the form of oxidation of a metallic surface or a chemicalattack. It may be that the product had a structural defect or sustaineddamage. The pipeline may currently be leaking or it may demonstrate alimiting term of continued water tightness and may even be in a state ofstructura
40、l distress or imminent failure. While oxidation or rusting of theinterior surface of a metallic pipeline may or may not pose leakage issues,signicant tuberculation hampers ow properties and reduces the pipe-lines hydraulic capacity. Another concern, possibly to a lesser degree, is2 WATER PIPELINE CO
41、NDITION ASSESSMENTwhen the water quality leaches cement or is detrimental to the aggregate ina cement mortar or concrete lining.Condition assessment is an important tool for any asset managementprogram. To effectively assess the condition of a pipeline or a system ofpipelines, an inventory of the ma
42、terials is critical to the success of theprogram. This inventory should include, but not be limited to pipematerial, manufacturer, age, lining, coating, type of joint, maintenancehistory, failure history, construction history, design reports, inspectionreports, and future expectations for the pipeli
43、ne (i.e., does it meet theexpected demand of the utility?). For the purposes of this document, afailure is considered to be a joint leak, a barrel leak, a rupture, or a collapseof a pipeline. To a lesser extent, as such information could be determinedby the condition assessment team, it would be hel
44、pful to have data on soilcorrosive properties and soil contamination and any known issues withstray currents from nearby or crossing pipelines, light rail tracks, highvoltage power lines, or any other source of stray currents. While a failure iscertainly not benecial, if a pipeline should fail, the
45、utility should take fulladvantage of any data that could be applied to other areas of the system tomitigate any failures in the future.A buried water pipeline poses a considerable level of difculty todetermine the exact condition and how much service life remains. Unco-vering portions of the pipelin
46、e only provides a snapshot of the line, and itmay or may not be an accurate indicator of the entire pipelines condition.Companies have developed electromagnetic devices to investigate thestructural integrity of certain prestressed concrete water pipeline materials.These devices, in conjunction with
47、the more permanent incorporation ofacoustic monitoring technology, can provide present and time dependentassessment of the pipelines condition.Tools have been developed by the oil and gas industry to evaluate thecondition of buried metallic pipelines. However, these tools are not effec-tive for asse
48、ssing the condition of plastic or other nonmetallic pipelinematerials employed by the water industry.For many metallic pipelines, particularlythose with bonded coatings, anover the line pipe-to-soil survey can be very effective in determiningcorrosive conditions that may then be quantied with some e
49、valuationof time dependency. This procedure eliminates, or at least reduces, theimpact of excavations. However, some types of installation pose greaterlevels of difculty in detecting those areas of concern, such as underpavements and in congested areas.Pipeline leakage is an indication of its condition and can now beevaluated by several means including hydraulic modeling and measure-ments and acoustic monitoring. With the advent of several acousticalmechanisms that are intrusive to the system, it is possible to detect leakageand approximate leak locations
