1、 ASCE MANUALS AND REPORTS ON ENGINEERING PRACTICE NO. 73QUALITY IN THECONSTRUCTED PROJECTA GUIDE FOR OWNERS,DESIGNERS, AND CONSTRUCTORSTHIRD EDITIONLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAmerican Society of Civil Engineers, author.Quality in the constructed project : a guide for owners, d
2、esigners, and constructors.Third edition.p. cm.(ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice ; no. 73)Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-7844-1189-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7844-7641-3 (ebook : alk. paper)1. EngineeringManagementHandbooks, manuals, etc. 2. BuildingQu
3、ality controlHandbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Civil engineeringSpecificationsHandbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title.TA190.A54 2012624.0684dc232011041715Published by American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston, Virginia 20191www.asce.org/pubsAny statements expressed in these materials ar
4、e those of the individual authors and do not nec-essarily represent the views of ASCE, which takes no responsibility for any statement made herein.No reference made in this publication to any specific method, product, process, or service consti-tutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or war
5、ranty thereof by ASCE. The materials arefor general information only and do not represent a standard of ASCE, nor are they intended as areference in purchase specifications, contracts, regulations, statutes, or any other legal document.ASCE makes no representation or warranty of any kind, whether ex
6、press or implied, concerningthe accuracy, completeness, suitability, or utility of any information, apparatus, product, or processdiscussed in this publication, and assumes no liability therefor. This information should not be usedwithout first securing competent advice with respect to its suitabili
7、ty for any general or specificapplication. Anyone utilizing this information assumes all liability arising from such use, includingbut not limited to infringement of any patent or patents.ASCE and American Society of Civil EngineersRegistered in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.Photocopies and permi
8、ssions. Permission to photocopy or reproduce material from ASCE pub-lications can be obtained by sending an e-mail to permissionsasce.org or by locating a title inASCEs online database (http:/cedb.asce.org) and using the “Permission to Reuse” link.Copyright 2012 by the American Society of Civil Engi
9、neers.All Rights Reserved.ISBN 978-0-7844-1189-6 (paper)ISBN 978-0-7844-7641-3 (ebook)Manufactured in the United States of America.18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5MANUALS AND REPORTSON ENGINEERING PRACTICE(As developed by the ASCE Technical Procedures Committee, July 1930, andrevised March 1935, Fe
10、bruary 1962, and April 1982)A manual or report in this series consists of an orderly presentation of factson a particular subject, supplemented by an analysis of limitations and appli-cations of these facts. It contains information useful to the average engineerin his or her everyday work, rather th
11、an findings that may be useful only occa-sionally or rarely. It is not in any sense a “standard,” however; nor is it so ele-mentary or so conclusive as to provide a “rule of thumb” for nonengineers.Furthermore, material in this series, in distinction from a paper (which expressesonly one persons obs
12、ervations or opinions), is the work of a committee orgroup selected to assemble and express information on a specific topic. Asoften as practicable, the committee is under the direction of one or more ofthe Technical Divisions and Councils, and the product evolved has been sub-jected to review by th
13、e Executive Committee of the Division or Council.As a step in the process of this review, proposed manuscripts are often broughtbefore the members of the Technical Divisions and Councils for comment,which may serve as the basis for improvement. When published, each workshows the names of the committ
14、ees by which it was compiled and indicatesclearly the several pro cesses through which it has passed in review, in orderthat its merit may be definitely understood.In February 1962 (and revised in April 1982) the Board of Direction votedto establish a series entitled “Manuals and Reports on Engineer
15、ing Practice,”to include the Manuals published and authorized to date, future Manuals ofProfessional Practice, and Reports on Engineering Practice. All such Manualor Report material of the Society would have been refereed in a mannerapproved by the Board Committee on Publications and would be bound,
16、 withapplicable discussion, in books similar to past Manuals. Numbering would beconsecutive and would be a continuation of present Manual numbers. In somecases of reports of joint committees, bypassing of Journal publications maybe authorized.28 Hydrology Handbook, SecondEdition45 How to Select and
17、Work Effectivelywith Consulting Engineers: Getting the Best Project, 2012 Edition50 Planning and Design Guidelines for Small Craft Harbors, Revised Edition54 Sedimentation Engineering, ClassicEdition60 Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design andConstruction, Second Edition62 Existing Sewer Evaluation andRehab
18、ilitation, Third Edition66 Structural Plastics Selection Manual67 Wind Tunnel Studies of Buildingsand Structures71 Agricultural Salinity Assessment andManagement, Second Edition73 Quality in the Constructed Project: AGuide for Owners, Designers, andConstructors, Third Edition74 Guidelines for Electr
19、icalTransmission Line StructuralLoading, Third Edition77 Design and Construction of UrbanStormwater Management Systems81 Guidelines for Cloud Seeding toAugment Precipitation, SecondEdition85 Quality of Ground Water91 Design of Guyed ElectricalTransmission Structures92 Manhole Inspection andRehabilit
20、ation, Second Edition94 Inland Navigation: Locks, Dams, andChannels96 Guide to Improved EarthquakePerformance of Electric PowerSystems97 Hydraulic Modeling: Concepts andPractice98 Conveyance of Residuals from Waterand Wastewater Treatment99 Environmental Site Characterizationand Remediation Design G
21、uidance100 Groundwater Contamination byOrganic Pollutants: Analysis andRemediation101 Underwater Investigations102 Design Guide for FRP CompositeConnections103 Guide to Hiring and Retaining GreatCivil Engineers104 Recommended Practice for Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Products forOverhead Utility Line St
22、ructures105 Animal Waste Containment inLagoons106 Horizontal Auger Boring Projects107 Ship Channel Design and Operation108 Pipeline Design for Installation byHorizontal Directional Drilling109 Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)Operation in Wastewater TreatmentPlants110 Sedimentation Engineering:Proce
23、sses, Measurements,Modeling, and Practice111 Reliability-Based Design of UtilityPole Structures112 Pipe Bursting Projects113 Substation Structure Design Guide114 Performance-Based Design ofStructural Steel for Fire Conditions115 Pipe Ramming Projects116 Navigation Engineering Practice andEthical Sta
24、ndards117 Inspecting Pipeline Installation118 Belowground Pipeline Networks forUtility Cables119 Buried Flexible Steel Pipe: Designand Structural Analysis120 Trenchless Renewal of Culverts andStorm Sewers121 Safe Operation and Maintenance ofDry Dock Facilities122 Sediment Dynamics upon DamRemovalMAN
25、UALS AND REPORTS OF ENGINEERING PRACTICECURRENTLY AVAILABLENo. Title No. TitleDedicated to James W. Poirot, P.E.19312011The third edition of this very important ASCE manual is dedicated to JamesW. Poirot, P.E., President of ASCE in 1994 and principal advocate for thematerial contained in this manual
26、.In November 1984, nearly 100 members of the design and construction indus-try convened for a workshop in Chicago to discuss ways of attaining qualityin planning, design, and construction. Those attending agreed on severalrelated points. First, accidents, design flaws, cost overruns, and other simil
27、arproblems were occurring at a serious rate. The collapse of two suspendedwalkways in the Kansas City Regency in 1981, killing 114 and injuring 185,was one of the more recent tragic incidents. But not all incidents or problemswere as serious or as widely publicized as the Regency. Losses measured in
28、dollars without loss of life were also serious concerns that were addressed.It was agreed that the American Society of Civil Engineers, the principal spon-sor of the Chicago workshop, should develop and publish a comprehensiveguide to quality in design and construction (Manual of Professional Practi
29、cefor Quality in the Constructed Project). James Poirot volunteered to lead thesteering committee, which consisted of 40 authors and some 90 reviewersfrom throughout the industrya daunting task.Thanks to Poirots determination and leadership the task was successful andled to the initial publication o
30、f the preliminary edition for trial use and com-ment in 1988. His work remains as the very substantial foundation for thisthird edition.This page intentionally left blank CONTENTSviiPREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION xiACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY xvCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 11.1 The Members of the
31、 Project Team 11.2 Team Member Requirements 21.3 Team Member Responsibilities 31.4 Defining Key Terms 41.5 Balancing Team Member Requirements 61.6 The Obligations of Team Members 61.7 Principal Themes of This Guide 7CHAPTER 2: THE OWNERS ROLE AND REQUIREMENTS 92.1 The Owners Role 92.2 Project Goals
32、102.3 Achieving Project Goals 102.4 Establishing Project Objectives 102.5 Team Member Requirements 122.6 Timing and Duration of Participation 12CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DELIVERY SYSTEMS 153.1 Owner-Provided Delivery 163.2 Traditional Design-Bid-Build 173.3 Construction Management 183.4 Design-Build 193.5
33、Design-Build Variations 213.6 Fast-Tracking: A Distinction 23CHAPTER 4: THE PROJECT TEAM 254.1 Traditional Team Organization and Variations 254.2 The Owners Team 264.3 The Design Professionals Team 294.4 The Constructors Team 304.5 Common Interests 31CHAPTER 5: COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION 335.1 K
34、ey Team Members 335.2 Developing Coordination Processes 345.3 Team Member Relationships 365.4 Characteristics of Good Communication 375.5 Timing and Critical Moments 415.6 Frequency of Communication 415.7 Conflict and Disagreement 42viiiCHAPTER 6: SELECTING THE DESIGN PROFESSIONAL 456.1 Project Goal
35、s and the Design Professionals Scope of Services 456.2 Qualifications-Based Selection 466.3 Competitive Bidding 506.4 Two-Envelope Selection 51CHAPTER 7: AGREEMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES 557.1 Purpose of the Professional Services Agreement 567.2 Elements of the Agreement 567.3 Standard-Form Agree
36、ments 617.4 Short-Form Agreements 627.5 Other Design Contracts 627.6 Cautions Concerning Non-Traditional Contracting Relationships 657.7 Joint Venture and Partnering Arrangements 65CHAPTER 8: ALTERNATIVE STUDIES AND PROJECT IMPACTS 698.1 Project Conceptualization 708.2 Existing Conditions and Future
37、 Needs Analysis 708.3 Framework for Developing Conceptual Alternatives 718.4 Investigating and Selecting Conceptual Alternatives 738.5 Environmental Documentation and Permitting 788.6 Public Involvement 79CHAPTER 9: PLANNING AND MANAGING DESIGN 839.1 Organizing for Design 839.2 The Design Team 859.3
38、 Construction Cost Estimate 879.4 Coordination and Communication During Design 879.5 Monitoring and Controlling Design Cost and Schedule 88CHAPTER 10: DESIGN DISCIPLINE COORDINATION 9110.1 Levels of Design Discipline Organization 9110.2 Design Disciplines and Project Objectives 9210.3 General Design
39、 Team Coordination Considerations 9510.4 Role of the Professional Discipline Leader During Design 9610.5 Role of the Design Professional During Construction 97CHAPTER 11: GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN ACTIVITIES 9911.1 General Operation 9911.2 Design Procedures 10111.3 Design Activities and Responsibilities
40、 103CHAPTER 12: PRE-CONTRACT PLANNING FORCONSTRUCTION 11112.1 Assessing the Owners Capabilities 11112.2 Resources for Quality Construction 11212.3 Regulatory Requirements 11512.4 Construction Site Development 11612.5 Reviewing Design and Construction Alternatives 11612.6 Construction Contract Arrang
41、ements 117ixCHAPTER 13: THE CONSTRUCTION TEAM 11913.1 Assembling the Construction Team 11913.2 Contracting Strategies and Team Organization 12013.3 On-Site Construction Team Representatives 12113.4 Construction Specialty Advisers 125CHAPTER 14: PROCEDURES FOR SELECTING THE CONSTRUCTOR 12714.1 Select
42、ion Procedures and Qualifications 12714.2 Constructor Qualifications 12914.3 Selection by Competitive Bidding 12914.4 Selection Procedures for Competitive Negotiated Contracts 13214.5 Selection Procedures for Noncompetitive Negotiated Contracts 133CHAPTER 15: THE CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT 13515.1 Functi
43、ons of the Construction Contract Relating to Quality 13515.2 Role of the Design Professional in the Construction Contract 13615.3 Defining and Preparing the Construction Contract Documents 13615.4 Standard-Form Construction Contract Documents 13715.5 International Construction Contracts 13815.6 Desi
44、gn-Build 139CHAPTER 16: PLANNING AND MANAGING CONSTRUCTION 14116.1 Organizing for Construction 14116.2 Pre-Construction Meetings 14316.3 Construction Activities 14516.4 Coordination and Communication During Construction 150CHAPTER 17: CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTDOCUMENTATION AND SUBMITTALS 15317.1 Roles a
45、nd Coordination 15317.2 Contract Documentation 15717.3 Technical Submittals 158CHAPTER 18: CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTADMINISTRATION 16918.1 Owners Resident Project Representative 16918.2 Quality Objectives 17018.3 Construction Site Safety 17218.4 Payment 17318.5 Constructor Submittals 17718.6 Change Orde
46、rs 17718.7 Documentation 178CHAPTER 19: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 18319.1 O “Computers and Project Quality” (Chapter 21); “Partnering” (Chapter 24); “Value Engineering” (Chapter 25).In addition, reviewers updated the existing chapters from the First Edition.The new and updated chapters were reviewed
47、 by representative groups ofowners, design professionals, and constructors. The entire Guide was thenreviewed by the appointed committee, 13 professional associations, a forumof legal experts, and a peer review team. Altogether, more than 125 industryprofessionals participated in producing the Secon
48、d Edition.The Second Edition also included new features to increase the day-to-dayutility of the Guide, including summaries of project participant activities foreach chapter, a page layout format to provide space for notes, more referencesto relevant publications and Internet resources, and Internet
49、 links to the latesteditions of standard-form contract documents.xiPREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITIONThis Third Edition maintains the features of the Second Edition and pro-vides relevant information developed since the publication of the SecondEdition. More than 50 industry professionals have participated in producingthe Third Edition.This Guide is written primarily for the three principal project participants ina traditional design-bid-build (DBB) projectthe owner, design professional,a
