1、ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013(Supersedes ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2009)Method of Testing forRated Ceiling Panels forSensible Heating andCoolingApproved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee on January 26, 2013; by the ASHRAE Board of Directors on January 29, 2013;and by the American National Standards I
2、nstitute on January 30, 2013.ASHRAE Standards are scheduled to be updated on a five-year cycle; the date following the standard number is the year ofASHRAE Board of Directors approval. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased on the ASHRAE Web site(www.ashrae.org) or from ASHRAE Cus
3、tomer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail:ordersashrae.org. Fax: 404-321-5478. Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide) or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US andCanada). For reprint permission, go to www.ashrae.org/permissions. 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336SPECIAL NOTEThi
4、s American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached
5、by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is v
6、oluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically f
7、or the purpose of writing the Standard. The ProjectCommittee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests o
8、n all ProjectCommittees.The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for:a. interpretation of the contents of this Standard,b. participation in the next review of the Standard,c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Standard, ord. permission to reprint portions of the Standard
9、.DISCLAIMERASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available information andaccepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or performance of any products, components,or systems teste
10、d, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAEs Standards or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under itsStandards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.ASHRAE INDUSTRIAL ADVERTISING POLICY ON STANDARDSASHRAE Standards and Guidelines are established to assist industry and the
11、 public by offering a uniform method of testing for ratingpurposes,bysuggestingsafepracticesindesigningandinstallingequipment,byprovidingproperdefinitionsofthisequipment,andbyprovidingother information that may serve to guide the industry.The creation of ASHRAE Standards and Guidelines is determined
12、 by the need for them,and conformance to them is completely voluntary.In referring to this Standard or Guideline and in marking of equipment and in advertising, no claim shall be made, either stated or implied,that the product has been approved by ASHRAE.ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 20122013Kenneth W.
13、 Cooper, Chair Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonWilliam F. Walter, Vice-Chair Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattDouglass S. Abramson Cecily M. Grzywacz Ira G. PostonKarim Amrane Richard L. Hall Douglas T. ReindlCharles S. Barnaby Rita M. Harrold James R. TaubyHoy R. Bohanon, Jr. Adam W. Hinge James
14、K. VallortSteven F. Bruning Debra H. Kennoy Craig P. WrayDavid R. Conover Jay A. Kohler Charles H. Culp, III, BOD ExOSteven J. Emmerich Rick A. Larson Constantinos A. Balaras, COMark P. ModeraStephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of StandardsASHRAE Standards Project Committee 138CognizantTC:TC 6.5, Radiant
15、 and In-Space Convective Heating and CoolingSPLS Liaison: Roger L. Hedrick*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication.Lawrence V. Drake, Chair* Birol I. Kilkis*Mark Y. Ackerman* Michael P. ORourke*Robert Bean William ShelleyKirby Chapman Daniel TwaTylan H. Draper
16、 Preston M. TwaHelmut E. Fuestel Richard D. Watson*Jaap Hogeling ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.CONTENTSANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013,Meth
17、od ofTesting for Rating Ceiling Panels forSensible Heating and CoolingSECTION PAGEForeword. 21 Purpose 22 Scope . 23 Units of Measurement 24 Symbols 35 Definitions. 56 Instruments and Measuring Standards. 57 Standard Test Setup and the Equipment . 68 Method of Conducting a Standard Test 109 Processi
18、ng Test Data . 1210 Acceptance Criteria for the Standard Test 1311 Reporting Standard Test Results 1312 References . 15Normative Annex AAdjustment of Panel Heat Flux.15Normative Annex BLine Fitting by the Method of Least Squares16Informative Annex CUncertainty Analysis of Panel Heat Flux 16Informati
19、ve Annex DCalculating the Approximate Thermal Efficiency of the Test Panel17Informative Annex EProvisions for Electric Panels and Calibration of the Test Chamber 17NOTEApproved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashra
20、e.org/technology. 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE Atlanta, GA 30329 www.ashrae.org All rights reserved.ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.
21、ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and doe
22、s not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not beenprocessed according to the ANSI requirements for astandard and may contain material that has not beensubject to public review or a consensus process.Unresolved objectors on informative material are notoffered the rig
23、ht to appeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)FOREWORDStandard 138 establishes uniform methods of laboratorytesting for rating the thermal performance of ceiling panelsmanufactured for radiant panel heating and cooling of indoorspaces. This standard covers steady-state testing of ceilingpanels at panel surface te
24、mperatures from 24C to 65C (75Fto 149F) for nonmetal heat transfer elements in the ceilingpanel or from 24C to 150C (75F to 302F) for metal heattransfer elements in the ceiling panel. Sensible cooling ceilingpanels are tested from 14C to 24C (57F to 75F). This stan-dard provides correction factors w
25、ith respect to defined testconditions for the size of the test room, barometric pressure inthe test location, and average air velocity in the vicinity of thetest panels in order to ensure repeatable test results.This is a revision of ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2009.This standard was prepared under the
26、 auspices of ASHRAE.It may be used, in whole or in part, by an association or gov-ernment agency with due credit to ASHRAE. Adherence isstrictly on a voluntary basis and merely in the interests ofobtaining uniform standards throughout the industry.The changes made for the 2013 revision were:The refe
27、rences were updated.A new section titled References was created in Informa-tive Annex E.Minor editorial changes were made.1. PURPOSEThis standard establishes uniform methods of laboratorytesting for rating steady-state thermal performance of ceilingpanels used in indoor spaces for sensible heating,
28、sensiblecooling, or both. The objective is to rate ceiling panels underrepeatable conditions.2. SCOPE2.1 This standard specifies procedures, apparatus, andinstrumentation for rating thermal performance of ceilingpanels in a specific indoor configuration and thermal condi-tions.2.2 Thermal performanc
29、e of a ceiling panel is measured interms of heat delivered or heat removed by the ceiling panel asa function of the average fluid temperature of the heat transfermedium in the ceiling panel and the temperatures character-izing the surrounding indoor space.2.3 This standard covers testing of ceiling
30、panels in the fol-lowing effective panel surface high and low temperaturerange limits:Sensible Heating Ceiling Panels: from 24Cto65C(75F to 149F) for nonmetal heat transfer elements inthe ceiling panel or from 24C to 150C (75F to 302F)for metal heat transfer elements in the ceiling panel.Sensible Co
31、oling Ceiling Panels: from 14Cto24C(57Fto75F).2.4 This standard does not cover the following ceiling pan-els:a. Hybrid (combined thermal radiation and forced-convec-tion: load-sharing) ceiling panels.b. Ceiling panels that are embedded into the ceiling, wall,or floor structure.c. Test methods for de
32、sign, production, or field-testing ofceiling panels.3. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT3.1 System of Units. In this standard, the International Sys-tem of Units (SI) is used. Inch-pound (I-P) units are shownparenthetically.Values shall be based on the National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) values,
33、 which, in turn,are based on the fundamental values of the InternationalBureau of Weights and Measures.3.2 Basic Units. The unit of length is meter, designated m(foot or inch, designated ft or in.).The unit of mass is the kilo-gram, designated kg (pound, designated lb), and the unit oftime is second
34、 or hour, designated s or h. The unit of temper-ature is degree Celsius, designated C (degree Fahrenheit,designated F), or kelvin, designated K (degree rankine, des-ignated R). The unit of force is the newton, designated N(pound-force, designated lbf).3.3 Derived Units3.3.1 Velocity and Acceleration
35、. The unit of velocity ism/s (ft/s). The unit of acceleration is m/s2(ft/s2).3.3.2 Surface Area. The unit of surface area is m2(ft2).3.3.3 Volume Flow Rate. The unit of volume flow rate iscubic meter (foot) per second, m3/s (ft3/s).3.3.4 Pressure. The unit of pressure is pascal, designatedPa, or kil
36、opascal, kPa (pound-force per square foot, desig-nated lbf/ft2).3.3.5 Energy, Work, and Power. The unit of energy andwork is joule, designated J (British thermal unit, designatedBtu). The unit of power is watt, designatedW (British thermalunit per hour, designated Btu/h).3.3.6 Heat Flux. The unit of
37、 heat flux is W/m2(Btu/hft2).3.3.7 Thermal Resistance. The unit of thermal resistanceis m2K/W (hft2F/Btu).3.3.8 Mass Density. The unit of mass density is kilogramper cubic meter, kg/m3(pound per cubic foot, lb/ft3).3.3.9 Dynamic Viscosity and Kinematic Viscosity. Theunit of dynamic viscosity is Pas
38、(lbf/fts). The unit of kine-matic viscosity is m2/s (ft2/s).3.3.10 Specific Heat. The unit of specific heat is J/(kgK)(Btu/lbF). ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs pri
39、or written permission.ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 138-2013 34. SYMBOLSAc= sum of the surface area of the test chamberceiling that is not obstructed by the ceilingpanels, m2(ft2)Ace= sum of the surface area of the test chamberceiling that is directly exposed to thermallyeffective surfaces of ceiling panels
40、(if ceilingpanels are detached from the ceiling surface),m2(ft2)Ae= interior surface area of the simulated exteriorwall of the test chamber, m2(ft2)Ap= sum of the thermally effective panel surfacearea of a test panel (projected surface areashall be used if the surface is heat transferaugmented, such
41、 as with fins or corrugation),m2(ft2)Apo= sum of the thermally effective surface area ofa test panel that is directly exposed to thewalls and the floor of the test chamber, m2(ft2)Ar= sum of the area of the interior surfaces of thetest chamber to which the thermally effectivepanel surfaces are direc
42、tly exposed, m2(ft2)Atc= net ceiling (floor) surface area of the testchamber (measured from the inside of the testchamber), m2(ft2)AUST = area-weighted average temperature of theinterior surfaces of the test chamber to whichthe thermally effective surfaces of ceilingpanels are exposed (Equation 7),
43、C(F)Che= characteristic performance coefficient of theceilingpanelinsensibleheating,basedon(tmto)(Equation 13), W/(m2Cnhe) (Btu/hft2Fnhe)Cco= characteristic performance coefficient of theceilingpanelinsensiblecooling,basedon(tmto)(Equation 14), W/(m2Cnco) (Btu/hft2Fnco)Che= characteristic performanc
44、e coefficient of theceilingpanelinsensibleheating,basedon(tmta)(Equation 15),W/(m2Cnhe) (Btu/hft2Fnhe)Cco= characteristic performance coefficient of theceilingpanelinsensiblecooling,basedon(tmta)(Equation 16),W/(m2Cnco) (Btu/hft2Fnco)C”he= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel i
45、n sensible heating, based on (tpta)(Equation 17), W/(m2Cnhe”) (Btu/hft2Fnhe”)C”co= characteristic performance coefficient of theceiling panel in sensible cooling, based on (tpta)(Equation 18), W/(m2Cnco”), Btu/hft2Fnco”)Cp= specific heat, J/(kgK) (Btu/lbF)d = hydraulic diameter of heat transfer elem
46、ent inthe ceiling panel or control panel, m (ft)De= equivalent diameter describing the size of aceiling panel (4 surface area/perimeter), m(ft)ep= surface area-weighted average thermalemittance of the thermally effective surfacesof a test panel, dimensionlesser= area-weighted average thermal emittan
47、ce ofinterior surfaces of the test chamber to whichthe thermally effective surfaces of the ceilingpanel are directly exposed, dimensionlessFc= radiation exchange factor, dimensionlessFp-r= radiation angle factor between the activepanel surface(s) and the unconditionedinterior surface(s) of the test
48、chamber,dimensionlessg = gravitational acceleration, 9.81 m/s2(32.18 ft/s2)h = elevation of the test chamber above sea level,m (ft)L = surface plate thickness of the fast-responsecontrol panels that control the interior surfacetemperatures of the test chamber, m (ft)M = heat transfer element spacing
49、 in the ceilingpanel, on centers, m (ft)m = number of identical test panelssimultaneously tested in the test chamber,dimensionlessmin = subscript denoting a minimum valuenhe = characteristic performance exponent insensible heating, based on operativetemperature, to(Equation 13), dimensionlessnco = characteristic performance exponent insensible cooling, based on operativetemperature, to(Equation 14), dimensionlessnhe = characteristic performance exponent inse
