1、 Practical Guide to Seismic RestraintSecond Edition American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior w
2、ritten permission.James R. Tauby is chief executive engineer for Mason Industries, Inc. He is a professional engineer in over 40 states. He holds a Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Alabama. An ASHRAE Distinguished Lecturer, he regularly lectures around the world o
3、n topics ranging from vibration isolation, seismic, and wind restraint of mechanical systems to the use of elastomeric expansion joints for piping in seismic applications. He is a past chairman of ASHRAEs Technical Commit-tee 2.7, Seismic and Wind Restraint Design. He is a member of ASHRAEs Standard
4、s Committee and currently chairs the committee revising ASHRAE Standard 171, Method of Test of Seismic Restraint Devices for HVAC nor may any part of this book be repro-duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying, recording,or otherwithout p
5、ermission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted atwww.ashrae.org/permissions._Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataTauby, James R.Practical guide to seismic restraint / James R. Tauby and Richard Lloyd. - 2nd ed.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.ISB
6、N 978-1-936504-18-3 (pbk.)1. Earthquake resistant design. I. Lloyd, Richard, 1952- II. Title. TA658.44.P73 2102693.852-dc232011049428“4)3“ they are simply being built to published building code stan-dards. The difference is the level of enforcement.The International Building Code(IBC) is published b
7、y the International Code Coun-cil (ICC). The ICC is comprised of the three former building code entities, Building Officials Code Administration (BOCA), Southern Building Code Congress International (SBCCI), and the International Conference of Building Officials (ICBO). The language in this model co
8、de is drawn from the provisions of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) for new buildings. NEHRP is a division of the Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC) and is funded by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The IBC is entirely drawn from the NEHRP provisions. Most
9、 U.S. jurisdictions will adopt the IBC to ensure financial backing from FEMA following an earthquake. Since the 2003 edition, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmi
10、ssion in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission. #VJMEJOH$PEFTIBC has included a direct reference to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Standard ASCE 7, “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures,” for the seismic requirements
11、 of nonstructural components. Both IBC 2006 and IBC 2009 include a reference to ASCE 7-05. The next edition of IBC, scheduled for 2012, will reference ASCE 7-10. Meanwhile, in California, the 2010 California Building Code includes new require-ments from ASCE 7-10. In Canada, the National Building Co
12、de (NBC) has been used for many years. The 2005 edition incorporates information and seismic zoning maps that differ from those utilized in earlier editions. The design earthquake used to determine ground accelerations in these codes is based on geologic evidence gathered over the last 500 years. Mo
13、re specifically, the code ground accelerations are based on a 10% probability that a larger earthquake will occur in 50 years and a 90% probability that an equal or smaller earthquake will occur in 50 years. In all codes, there is a distinction between rigidly or hard-mounted equipment, having a fun
14、damental period less than or equal to 0.06 s, and flexibly or resiliently mounted equip-ment having a fundamental period greater than 0.06 s.“/%*/5&3/“5*0/“-#6*-%*/($0%& *#$(FOFSBM3FRVJSFNFOUEvery structure, including nonstructural components permanently attached to struc-tures, and their support an
15、d attachments, must be designed and constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions per ASCE 7-05.Special attention should be paid to the design of distribution systems for seismic relative displacements. Although previous codes included some references to seismic relative displacements as t
16、hey effect nonstructural components, ASCE 7-05 includes at least 10 sepa-rate requirements. These requirements are most significant as they relate to piping connec-tions, because the mass and stiffness of connected piping can damage equipment connections in an earthquake.This summary is presented in
17、 (4) parts:Part 1: Seismic Design Category.Part 2: Seismic Design Requirements.Part 3: Seismic Design Force.Part 4: Tests and Inspection Requirements.1BSU4FJTNJD%FTJHO$BUFHPSZThe values of Ss, the spectral response acceleration at 5 Hz, and S1, the spectral response acceleration at a 1 Hz, can be fo
18、und at www.earthquake.usgs.gov using the proj-ects zip code for estimated values or the project latitude and longitude for more exact values. Fais the site coefficient defined in Table 2-1 for specific site class A to F and Ss. Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of Ss. Where the
19、 soil condition is unknown, Site Class D may be used. 5BCMF 4JUF$PFGGJDJFOUBSite Class SS =1.25A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9F site-specific information required American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
20、 Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.1SBDUJDBM(VJEFUP4FJTNJD3FTUSBJOU Sms is the maximum considered earthquake spectral response accel
21、erations for short periods and is equal to Fa Ss. Sdsis the design spectral response acceleration at short period and is equal to (2/3) Sms.Fvis the site coefficient defined in Table 2-2 for specific site class A to F and S1. Use straight-line interpolation for intermediate values of S1. Where the s
22、oil condition is unknown, Site Class D may be used.Sm1 is the maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations for a 1 s period and is equal to Fv S1. Sd1is the design spectral response acceleration at a 1 s period and is equal to (2/3) Sm1.Both short-period spectral acceleration and 1
23、s period acceleration must be used to determine Seismic Design Category. Results must be compared and the worst case will determine the actual Seismic Design Category for the project.Select the Seismic Design Category as a letter designation between A and F based on the short-period design spectral
24、acceleration, SDS, determined in Step 3 and the Occupancy Category of the building where Occupancy Category I and II include standard buildings, III includes schools and assembly halls, and IV includes essential facilities. (See Table 2-3)Select the Seismic Design Category as a letter designation be
25、tween A and F based on the 1 s period design spectral acceleration, SD1, determined in Step 3 and the Occupancy Category of the building where Occupancy Category I and II include standard buildings, III includes schools and assembly halls, and IV includes essential facilities. (See Table 2-4) 5BCMF
26、4JUF$PFGGJDJFOUWSite Class S1=0.5A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4F site-specific information required5BCMF 4FJTNJD%FTJHO$BUFHPSZ#BTFEPO4%4SDSOccupancy CategoryI and IIOccupancy Category IIIOccupancyCategory IVSDS=1.25A 0.8 0.8
27、0.8 0.8 0.8B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0C 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0D 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0E 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9F site-specific information required5BCMF 4JUF$PFGGJDJFOUWSite Class S1=0.5A 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8B 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0C 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3D 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5E 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4F site-specific information required American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.
