1、 Advanced Energy Design GuideforSmall Retail BuildingsThis is an ASHRAE Design Guide. Design Guides are developed underASHRAEs Special Publication procedures and are not consensus documents.This document is an application manual that provides voluntary recommenda-tions for consideration in achieving
2、 greater levels of energy savings relative tominimum standards.This publication was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE Special Project 110.ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDESMALL RETAIL COMMITTEEAEDG STEERING COMMITTEEMerle McBride, ChairRon Jarnagin Ronald KurtzVice Chair IESNA RepresentativeDon Coll
3、iver Michael LaneSteering Committee Ex Officio IESNA RepresentativeDonald Brundage Harry MisurielloASHRAE TC 2.8 Representative ASHRAE TC 7.6 RepresentativeCharles Culp Dan NallASHRAE TC 9.5 Representative USGBC RepresentativeJay Enck Paul TorcelliniUSGBC Representative ConsultantKatherine Hammack B
4、ruce HunnASHRAE SSPC 90.1 Representative ASHRAE Staff LiaisonDavid HartkeAIA RepresentativeDon Colliver, ChairJeffrey Levine Ron MajetteAIA Ex OfficioTerry Townsend John HoganASHRAE Consultant (ASHRAE TC 2.8)Rita Harrold Harry MisurielloIESNA Consultant (ASHRAE TC 7.6)Brenden Owens Jerry White USGBC
5、 Consultant (ASHRAE Standard 90.1)Advanced Energy Design GuideforSmall Retail BuildingsAchieving 30% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy BuildingAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning EngineersThe American Institute of ArchitectsIlluminating Engineering Society of North
6、AmericaU.S. Green Building CouncilU.S. Department of EnergyISBN 1-933742-06-22006 American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.Atlanta, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.Printed in the United States of AmericaPrinted on 30% post-consum
7、er waste using soy-based inks.Cover design by Emily Luce, Designer.Cover photograph courtesy of Communities by Design, American Institute of Architects. Illustrations by Richard J. Vitullo, AIA, Vitullo Architecture Studio, P.C. ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not inve
8、stigated, and ASHRAE expressly dis-claims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be describedherein. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement,warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE
9、 of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does notwarrant that the information in the publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with anystatement or opinion in this publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publicati
10、on is assumed bythe user.No part of this book may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who mayquote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit; nor may any part of this book bereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or tra
11、nsmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying,recording, or otherwithout permission in writing from ASHRAE.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAdvanced energy design guide for small retail buildings : achieving 30% energy savings over ANSISSHRAE/IESNA standard 90.1-1999.
12、/ American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers . et al.p. cm.Summary: “Second in series that provides recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over minimum code requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999. Focuses on small retail buildings up to 20,000 s
13、q. ft. Recommendations for the 8 US Climate Zones allow owners/designers to achieve advanced levels of savings without resorting to calculations or analysis“-Provided by publisher.ISBN 1-933742-06-2 (softcover)1. Buildings-Energy conservation. I. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Co
14、nditioning Engineers. TJ163.5.B84A27 2006725.210472-dc222006027504ASHRAE STAFFSPECIAL PUBLICATIONSMildred GeshwilerEditorChristina HelmsAssociate EditorCindy Sheffield MichaelsAssistant EditorMichshell PhillipsAdministrative AssistantPUBLISHING SERVICESDavid SoltisManagerJayne JacksonPublication Tra
15、ffic AdministratorPUBLISHERW. Stephen ComstockAcknowledgments VIIAbbreviations and Acronyms IXChapter 1 Introduction 1Contents 2How to Use this Guide 3Chapter 2 Integrated Process for Achieving Energy Savings 5Design Phase (Including Planning and Pre-Design) 6Construction 11Acceptance 11Occupancy 11
16、Operation 11Energy Goals and Strategies 12Chapter 3 Recommendations by Climate 17Zone 1 20 Zone 2 22Zone 3 24 Zone 4 26Zone 5 28 Zone 6 30Zone 7 32Zone 8 34ContentsVI ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL RETAIL BUILDINGSChapter 4 Technology Examples and Case Studies 37Climate Zone 2Happy Feet Plus
17、 38Climate Zone 3Interface Showroom 40Climate Zone 3PETCO Energy Showcase Store 42Climate Zone 3Real Goods Solar Living Center 44Climate Zone 4Nusta Spa 46Climate Zone 5Zion National Park Visitor Center and Bookstore 48Climate Zone 7BigHorn Home Improvement Center 50Chapter 5 How to Implement Recomm
18、endations 53Quality Assurance 53 Envelope 58Opaque Envelope Components 58Fenestration: Vertical Glazing and Skylights (Envelope) 66Lighting 70Daylighting 70Electric Lighting Design 73HVAC 81Service Water Heating 90Bonus Savings 91Plug Loads 91Exterior Lighting 93Appendix A Envelope Thermal Performan
19、ce Factors 95Appendix B Additional Resources 97The Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail Buildings is the second in aseries of anticipated Guides that will address many types of buildings. A huge debt ofgratitude is extended to the authors of the first Guide on small office buildings because
20、they paved the way and defined the basic structure, content, and format of the Guidesas well as the procedures for the reporting and the reviews. Following in their footstepshas provided consistency among these two Guides in addition to being a tremendoustime saver.Continuity with the first Guide on
21、 small office buildings was further maintainedbecause many of the same organizational partners were involved, as were several of theproject committee members. ASHRAE was again the lead organization, with full sup-port from the American Institute of Architects (AIA), the Illuminating EngineeringSocie
22、ty of North America (IESNA), the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), andthe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Individuals from each of these organizationswere members of the Steering Committee. Under the leadership of 20022003ASHRAE President Don Colliver, their contributions were significant in ter
23、ms of thedirection and oversight they provided to the ASHRAE Special Project 110 Committee(SP-110). Members on the project committee came from the partner organizations andASHRAE Standing Standards Project Committee 90.1 (SSPC 90.1) and the ASHRAETechnical Committees on Building Environmental Impact
24、 and Sustainability (TC 2.8)and System Energy Utilization (TC 7.6). These members served not only on the projectcommittee but also as liaisons to their respective organizations, and they coordinatedthe multiple technical reviews.The best way to characterize the project committee members was their de
25、dicationand professionalism. Mr. Ron Jarnagin of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratoryserved as vice-chair. He was a valued asset since he had been the chair for the firstGuide on small office buildings. His leadership experience was utilized to avoid previ-ous challenges and provide smooth sail
26、ing. All of the project committee members sacri-ficed five full weekends for meetings, conducted three external reviews, responded to allof the remarks, participated in nine conference calls, identified many case studies, par-ticipated in monitoring focus groups, developed all of the recommendations
27、, and pre-pared the accompanying text. This was accomplished within a time period of eightmonths, which has become the default length of an ASHRAE year for the developmentAcknowledgmentsVIII ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL RETAIL BUILDINGSof these Guides. All of the project committee members
28、were highly motivated andskilled, which made my job as chair much easier. All I had to do was define the end goaland try to stay out of their way.In addition to the voting members on the committee, there were many other individ-uals who contributed to the success of this Guide. The specific individu
29、als and their con-tributions were: Paul Torcellini of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for histechnical expertise and multiple case study examples; Bing Liu of Pacific NorthwestNational Laboratory for the simulation runs and results; Bruce Hunn of ASHRAE Stafffor his technical support, recor
30、ding of the meeting notes, and serving as gracious host ofall the meetings at ASHRAE Headquarters; Micki Geshwiler of ASHRAE Staff for tak-ing the lead on the focus groups; Cindy Sheffield Michaels of ASHRAE Staff for edit-ing and layout of the book; and John Hogan for his expertise on building enve
31、lopes.This Guide could not have been developed without their contributions.As chair of the committee, I am very proud of the Guide that the project committeehas developed, and each member can take pride in their individual contributions.Merle McBrideSP-110 ChairAugust 2006A = area, ft2ACCA = Air Con
32、ditioning Contractors of AmericaAEDG-SR = Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail BuildingsAFUE = annual fuel utilization efficiency, dimensionlessAIA = American Institute of ArchitectsASHRAE = American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning EngineersASTM = American Society for
33、 Testing and MaterialsANSI = American National Standards InstituteBtu = British thermal unitC = thermal conductance, Btu/hft2Fc.i. = continuous insulationCx = commissioningCxA = commissioning authoritycfm = cubic feet per minuteCMH = ceramic metal halideCOP = coefficient of performance, dimensionles
34、sCRI = Color Rendering IndexCRRC = Cool Roof Rating CouncilD = diameter, ftDL = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “daylighting”DOE = U.S. Department of EnergyEc= efficiency (combustion), dimensionlessEF = efficiencyEIA = Energy Information AdministrationEt= efficiency (thermal), dimensionlessEER
35、 = energy efficiency ratio, Btu/WhEF = energy factorAbbreviations and AcronymsX ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL RETAIL BUILDINGSEL = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “electric lighting”EN = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “envelope”EX = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “exteri
36、or lighting”F = slab edge heat loss coefficient per foot of perimeter, Btu/hftFFCU = fan-coil unitGC = general contractorGuide = Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Retail BuildingsHC = heat capacity, Btu/ft2FHSPF = heating season performance factor, Btu/WhHV = Advanced Energy Design Guide code f
37、or “HVAC systems and equipment”HVAC = heating, ventilating, and air-conditioningIESNA = Illuminating Engineering Society of North Americain. = inchIPLV = integrated part-load value, dimensionlesskBtuh = thousands of British thermal units per hourkW = kilowattLBNL = Lawrence Berkeley National Laborat
38、oryLED = light-emitting diodeLPD = lighting power density, W/ft2N/A = not applicableNBI = New Buildings InstituteNEMA = National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNFRC = National Fenestration Rating CouncilNREL = National Renewable Energy LaboratoryNZEB = net zero energy buildingsO theGuide) is in
39、tended to provide a simple approach for contractors and designers who createretail buildings up to 20,000 ft2. Application of the recommendations in the Guide shouldresult in small retail buildings with 30% energy savings when compared to those sameretail buildings designed to the minimum requiremen
40、ts of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Stan-dard 90.1-1999. This document contains recommendations and is not a minimum code orstandard. It is intended to be used in addition to existing codes and standards and is notintended to circumvent them. This Guide represents a way, but not the only way, to buildenergy-eff
41、icient small retail buildings that use significantly less energy than those built tominimum code requirements. The recommendations in this Guide provide benefits forthe owner while maintaining quality and functionality of the space.This Guide has been developed by a committee representing a diverse
42、group ofenergy professionals drawn from the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating andAir-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA),the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), and the Illuminating Engineering Societyof North America (IESNA). To quantify the expecte
43、d energy savings, these profession-als selected potential envelope, lighting, HVAC, and service water heating (SWH)energy-saving measures for analysis. These included products that were deemed to beboth practical and commercially available. Although some of the products may be con-sidered premium, p
44、roducts of similar performance are available from multiple manufac-turers. Each set of measures was simulated using an hourly energy analysis program fortwo retail prototype buildings in representative cities in various climates. Simulationswere run for reference buildings (buildings designed to Sta
45、ndard 90.1-1999 criteria)compared to buildings built using recommendations contained in this Guide to deter-mine whether the expected 30% savings target was achieved.The scope of this Guide covers small retail buildings up to 20,000 ft2in size that useunitary heating and air-conditioning equipment.
46、Buildings of this size with these HVACsystem configurations represent a significant amount of commercial retail space in theUnited States. This Guide provides straightforward recommendations and how-to tips tofacilitate its use by anyone in the construction process who wants to produce moreenergy-ef
47、ficient buildings.In general, this Guide addresses typical retail building uses: retail (other than shop-ping malls); strip shopping centers; automobile dealers; building material, garden sup-Introduction2 ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL RETAIL BUILDINGSply, and hardware stores; department st
48、ores; drugstores; furniture, home equipment, andhome furnishing stores; liquor stores; and wholesale goods (except food). The Guideexcludes certain building uses such as car washes; laundry and dry-cleaning establish-ments; gasoline service stations; motor vehicle repair, service, and maintenance bu
49、ild-ings; personal service establishments (barbers, hair dressers, manicurists, etc.); andother facilities that have significant point source heat or pollutant generation. The Guidealso excludes treatment of food service facilities such as delicatessens and restaurants.Also excluded from the Guide are “built-up” HVAC systems using chillers and chilled-water systems.As an added value for designers and contractors, this Guide feature
