1、 Advanced Energy Design GuideforSmall Warehouses and Self-Storage BuildingsThis is an ASHRAE Design Guide. Design Guides are developed underASHRAEs Special Publication procedures and are not consensus documents.This document is an application manual that provides voluntary recommenda-tions for consi
2、deration in achieving greater levels of energy savings relative tominimum standards.2008, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is
3、 not permitted without ASHRAEs prior written permission.This publication was developed under the auspices of ASHRAE Special Project 110.ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDEWAREHOUSE COMMITTEEAEDG STEERING COMMITTEERon Jarnagin, ChairMerle McBride Michael LaneVice Chair IESNA RepresentativeDon Colliver Dan N
4、allSteering Committee Ex Officio AIA RepresentativeJay Enck Daniel WalkerUSGBC Representative MBMA RepresentativeLilas Pratt James McClendonASHRAE Staff Liaison ConsultantDon Colliver, ChairMarkku Allison Dru CrawleyAIA U.S. DOETerry Townsend John HoganASHRAE Consultant (ASHRAE TC 2.8)Rita Harrold H
5、arry MisurielloIESNA Consultant (ASHRAE TC 7.6)Brendan Owens Jerry White USGBC Consultant (ASHRAE Standard 90.1)Advanced Energy Design GuideforSmall Warehouses and Self-Storage BuildingsAchieving 30% Energy Savings Toward a Net Zero Energy BuildingAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-C
6、onditioning Engineers, Inc.The American Institute of ArchitectsIlluminating Engineering Society of North AmericaU.S. Green Building CouncilU.S. Department of EnergyISBN 978-1-933742-22-92008 American Society of Heating, Refrigeratingand Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.1791 Tullie Circle, N.E.Atlanta
7、, GA 30329www.ashrae.orgAll rights reserved.Printed in the United States of AmericaPrinted on 15% post-consumer waste using soy-based inks.Cover design and illustrations by Emily Luce, Designer.Cover photograph courtesy of InterfaceFLOR. ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has
8、 not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly dis-claims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be describedherein. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement,warranty, or guaranty
9、by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE doesnot warrant that the information in the publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with anystatement or opinion in this publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this
10、publication is assumed bythe user.No part of this book may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who mayquote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit; nor may any part of this book bereproduced, stored in a retrieval syste
11、m, or transmitted in any way or by any meanselectronic, photocopying,recording, or otherwithout permission in writing from ASHRAE.Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAdvanced energy design guide for small warehouses and self-storage buildings : achieving 30% energy savings toward a net
12、 zero energy building.p. cm.Includes bibliographical references.Summary: “Fourth in series that provides recommendations for achieving 30% energy savings over minimum requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 for warehouses up to 50,000 ft2 and self-storage buildings using heating and AC
13、equipment. Helps achieve advanced energy savings without detailed calculations or analyses. Includes recommendations for all 8 US climate zones“-Provided by publisher.ISBN 978-1-933742-22-9 (softcover)1. Buildings-Energy conservation. I. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditionin
14、g Engineers. TJ163.5.B84A273 2008725.350472-dc222008009031ASHRAE STAFFSPECIAL PUBLICATIONSChristina HelmsEditorCindy Sheffield MichaelsAssociate EditorJames Madison WalkerAssistant EditorMichshell PhillipsAdministrative AssistantPUBLISHING SERVICESDavid SoltisGroup ManagerJayne JacksonPublication Tr
15、affic AdministratorPUBLISHERW. Stephen ComstockAcknowledgments VIIAbbreviations and Acronyms IXChapter 1 Introduction 1Contents 2How to Use this Guide 3Chapter 2 Integrated Process for Achieving Energy Savings 5Design (Including Planning and Pre-Design) 6Construction 11Acceptance 11Occupancy 11Opera
16、tion 11Energy Goals and Strategies 12Chapter 3 Recommendations by Climate 17Zone 1 20 Zone 2 22Zone 3 24 Zone 4 26Zone 5 28 Zone 6 30Zone 7 32Zone 8 34ContentsVI ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL WAREHOUSES AND SELF-STORAGE BUILDINGSChapter 4 Technology Examples and Case Studies 37Climate Zone
17、4Tacoma Power Lilas Pratt of ASHRAE for her assistance, organiza-AcknowledgmentsVIII ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL WAREHOUSES AND SELF-STORAGE BUILDINGStional skills, and dedication to the project as well as serving as a gracious host at all themeetings at ASHRAE Headquarters; and Cindy She
18、ffield Michaels of ASHRAE for theediting and layout of the book. This Guide could not have been developed without all oftheir contributions.I am very proud of the Guide that the project committee developed and am amazedat the accomplishment in such a short time period. Each project committee member
19、aswell should be proud of their individual contributions to this most worthwhile docu-ment.Ronald E. JarnaginSP-114 ChairJanuary 2008A = area, ft2ACCA = Air Conditioning Contractors of AmericaAEDG-WHSE = Advanced Energy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self-Storage BuildingsAFUE = annual fuel u
20、tilization efficiency, dimensionlessAIA = American Institute of ArchitectsASHRAE = American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning EngineersASTM = American Society for Testing and MaterialsANSI = American National Standards InstituteBtu = British thermal unitCA = census areac.i. = co
21、ntinuous insulationCx = commissioningCxA = commissioning authoritycfm = cubic feet per minuteCOP = coefficient of performance, dimensionlessCRI = Color Rendering IndexCRRC = Cool Roof Rating CouncilD = diameter, ftDL = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “daylighting”DOE = U.S. Department of Energ
22、yEc= efficiency (combustion), dimensionlessEt= efficiency (thermal), dimensionlessEER = energy efficiency ratio, Btu/WhEF = energy factorEIA = Energy Information AdministrationEL = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “electric lighting”EN = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “envelope”Abbreviat
23、ions and AcronymsX ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL WAREHOUSES AND SELF-STORAGE BUILDINGSERV = energy recovery ventilatorEX = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “exterior lighting”F = slab edge heat loss coefficient per foot of perimeter, Btu/hftFGC = general contractorGuide = Advanced Ener
24、gy Design Guide for Small Warehouses and Self-Storage BuildingsHC = heat capacity, Btu/ft2FHID = high-intensity dischargeHSPF = heating season performance factor, Btu/WhHV = Advanced Energy Design Guide code for “HVAC systems and equipment”HVAC = heating, ventilating, and air-conditioningIESNA = Ill
25、uminating Engineering Society of North Americain. = inchIPLV = integrated part-load value, dimensionlesskBtuh = thousands of British thermal units per hourkW = kilowattLBNL = Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLPD = lighting power density, W/ft2ls = linear systemsMBMA = Metal Building Manufacturer
26、s AssociationN/A = not applicableNEMA = National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNFRC = National Fenestration Rating CouncilNREL = National Renewable Energy LaboratoryNZEB = net zero energy buildingsO the Guide) is intended to provide a simple approach for contrac-tors and designers who create w
27、arehouses. Application of the recommendations in theGuide should result in warehouses with 30% energy savings when compared to thosesame warehouses designed to the minimum requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNAStandard 90.1-1999, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Build-ings. This
28、document contains recommendations and is not a minimum code or standard.It is intended to be used in addition to existing codes and standards and is not intendedto circumvent them. This Guide represents a way, but not the only way, to build energy-efficient warehouses that use significantly less ene
29、rgy than those built to minimum coderequirements. The recommendations in this Guide provide benefits for the owner whilemaintaining quality and functionality of the space.This Guide has been developed by a committee representing a diverse group ofenergy professionals drawn from the American Society
30、of Heating, Refrigerating andAir-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the American Institute of Architects (AIA),the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the Metal Buildings Manufacturers Associ-ation (MBMA), and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).To quantify the expected ener
31、gy savings, these professionals selected potential enve-lope, lighting, HVAC, and service water heating (SWH) energy-saving measures foranalysis. These included products that were deemed to be both practical and commer-cially available. Although some of the products may be considered premium, produc
32、tsof similar performance are available from multiple manufacturers. Each set of measureswas simulated using an hourly energy analysis program for two warehouse prototypebuildings in representative cities in various climates. Simulations were run for referencebuildings (buildings designed to ASHRAE/I
33、ESNA Standard 90.1-1999 criteria) com-pared to buildings built using recommendations contained in this Guide to determinewhether the expected 30% savings target was achieved. The analysis showed an averageenergy savings of 42% from the ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999 baseline.The scope of this Guide
34、 covers warehouses up to 50,000 ft2and self-storage build-ings that use unitary heating and air-conditioning equipment. Buildings of this type withIntroduction2 ADVANCED ENERGY DESIGN GUIDE FOR SMALL WAREHOUSES AND SELF-STORAGE BUILDINGSthese HVAC system configurations represent a significant amount
35、 of commercial ware-house space in the United States. This Guide provides straightforward recommendationsand how-to tips to facilitate its use by anyone in the construction process who wants toproduce more energy-efficient buildings.In general, this Guide addresses typical warehouse types, including
36、 both self-stor-age and nonrefrigerated warehouses. The Guide excludes certain warehouses, such asrefrigerated warehouses and warehouses that are unheated. Also excluded from theGuide are “built-up” HVAC systems using chillers and chilled-water systems. TheGuide is primarily intended for new constru
37、ction, but it may also be applicable to reno-vation, remodeling, and modernization projects.As an added value for designers and contractors, this Guide features case studyexamples of energy-efficient buildings. The case studies demonstrate that effectivelyaddressing environmental challenges can also
38、 result in the creation of good, often excel-lent, architecture. The case studies illustrate how energy considerations have been incor-porated in various design strategies and techniques. However, the example buildingsmay incorporate additional features that go beyond the scope of the recommendation
39、s ofthe Guide. It is hoped that the Guide will result in a more sustainable environment for society.The energy savings target of 30% is the first step in the process toward achieving a netzero energy building (NZEB), which is defined as a building that, on an annual basis,draws from outside sources
40、equal or less energy than it provides using on-site, renewableenergy sources. ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, the energy conservation standardpublished at the turn of the millennium, provides the fixed reference point for all theGuides in this series. The primary reason for this choice as the refer
41、ence point is to main-tain a consistent baseline and scale for all the 30% AEDG series documents. A shiftingbaseline between multiple documents in the AEDG series would lead to confusionamong users about the level of energy savings achieved. However, it is interesting to seewhat the energy savings o
42、f the Guide would be relative to ASHRAE/IESNA Standard90.1-2004, which has reduced the lighting power densities and improved efficiency lev-els for the cooling equipment. Using ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 as the basis,the recommendations in this Guide would produce an average energy savings of 3
43、3%.Plans are in place for development of additional AEDG documents in this decadethat will assist users in achieving 50% and 70% energy-saving levels as milestonestoward the NZEB goal. The ultimate goal of the participating organizations is to assistin the design and construction of NZEBs.CONTENTSCh
44、apter 2 of this Guide contains a chart that walks the user through the design pro-cess of applying the recommendations in this Guide, while Chapter 3 provides the actualrecommendations for a way to meet the 30% energy savings goal. Chapter 3 includeseight recommendation tables, which are broken down
45、 by building component and orga-nized by climate according to the eight climate zones (and specific counties within eachclimate zone) identified by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The user should notethat the recommendation tables do not include all of the components listed in ASHRAE/IESNA Stan
46、dard 90.1-1999 since the Guide focuses only on the primary energy systemswithin a building. Chapter 4 provides case studies of actual energy-efficient buildingsand systems. Chapter 5 provides essential guidance in the form of concise how-to tips tohelp the user understand and apply the recommendatio
47、ns from this Guide. Additional“bonus savings” strategies are also found in Chapter 5. Three appendices are includedfor reference. Appendix A provides thermal performance factors for alternate opaqueenvelope construction. Appendix B provides climate zone information for a variety oflocations in Mexic
48、o and Canada. Appendix C provides a list of additional resources.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION 3This Guide includes specific recommendations for energy-efficient improvementsin the following technical areas to meet the 30% energy savings goal: Building EnvelopeRofs WallsSlabsDors Vertical Glazing Skylights
49、Lighting Daylighting Interior Electric Lighting Lighting Controls HVAC Equipment and Systems Cooling Equipment Efficiencies Heating Equipment Efficiencies Supply Fans Ventilation ControlDucts Service Water Heating Equipment Efficiencies Pipe InsulationIn addition, “bonus savings” strategies to improve energy efficiency beyond the30% energy savings level are included for: Exterior Faade Lighting Plug Loads Quality assuranc
