ASHRAE FUNDAMENTALS SI CH 37-2013 Abbreviations and Symbols.pdf
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1、37.1CHAPTER 37ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLSAbbreviations for Text, Drawings, and Computer Programs. 37.1Letter Symbols. 37.1Dimensionless Numbers 37.4Mathematical Symbols 37.4Subscripts 37.5Graphical Symbols for Drawings 37.5Piping System Identification . 37.10HIS chapter contains information about abbr
2、eviations andTsymbols for HVAC avoidtheir use in documents circulated in foreign countries.Graphical symbols in this chapter of piping, ductwork, fittings,and in-line accessories can be used on scale drawings and diagrams.Identifying piping by legend and color promotes greater safetyand lessens the
3、chance of error in emergencies. Piping identificationis now required throughout the United States by the OccupationalSafety and Health Administration (OSHA) for some industries andby many federal, state, and local codes.ABBREVIATIONS FORTEXT, DRAWINGS, AND COMPUTER PROGRAMSTable 1 gives some abbrevi
4、ations, as well as others commonlyfound on mechanical drawings and abbreviations (symbols) used incomputer programming. Abbreviations specific to a single subjectare defined in the chapters in which they appear. Additional abbre-viations used on drawings can be found in the section on GraphicalSymbo
5、ls for Drawings.Computer ProgramsThe abbreviations (symbols) used for computer programming forthe HVAC for example, (a/b)/cor a/(b/c) is correct, but not a/b/c.Subscripts and superscripts, or several of them separated by com-mas, may be attached to a single basic letter (kernel), but not to othersub
6、scripts or superscripts. A symbol that has been modified by asuperscript should be enclosed in parentheses before an exponent isadded (Xa)3. Symbols can also have alphanumeric marks such as (prime), + (plus), and * (asterisk).More detailed information on the general principles of letter sym-bol stan
7、dardization are in standards listed at the end of this chapter.The letter symbols, in general, follow these standards, which are outof print:Y10.3M Letter Symbols for Mechanics and Time-RelatedPhenomenaY10.4-82 Letter Symbols for Heat and ThermodynamicsOther symbols chosen by an author for a physica
8、l magnitude notappearing in any standard list should be ones that do not already havedifferent meanings in the field of the text.The preparation of this chapter is assigned to TC 1.6, Terminology.37.2 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)Table 1 Abbreviations for Text, Drawings, and Computer Program
9、sTerm Text Drawings Programabove finished floor AFF absolute abs ABS ABSaccumulat(e, -or) acc ACCUM ACCUMair condition(-ing, -ed) AIR COND air-conditioning unit(s) ACU ACUair-handling unit AHU AHUair horsepower ahp AHP AHPalteration altrn ALTRN alternating current ac AC ACaltitude alt ALT ALTambient
10、 amb AMB AMBAmerican National Standards Institute1ANSI ANSI American wire gage AWG AWG ampere (amp, amps) amp AMP AMP, AMPSangle ANGangle of incidence ANGIapparatus dew point adp ADP ADPapproximate approx. APPROX area Aatmosphere atm ATM average avg AVG AVGazimuth az AZ AZazimuth, solar SAZazimuth,
11、wall WAZbarometer(-tric) baro BARO bill of material b/m BOM boiling point bp BP BPBrown specify type.Abbreviations and Symbols 37.7Elbow, facing away from viewerElbow, base-supportedLateralReducer, concentricReducer, eccentric, flat on bottomReducer, eccentric, flat on topTeeTee, facing toward viewe
12、rTee, facing away from viewerUnion, screwedUnion, flangedPiping SpecialtiesAir vent, automaticAir vent, manualAir separatorPipe guideAnchor, intermediateAnchor, mainBall jointExpansion jointExpansion loopFlexible connectorFlowmeter, orifice plate with flangesFlowmeter, venturiFlow switchHanger rodHa
13、nger springHeat exchanger, liquidHeat transfer surface (indicate type)Pitch of pipe, rise (R) drop (D)Pressure gage and cockPressure switchPump (indicate use)Pump suction diffuserSpool piece, flangedStrainerStrainer, blow offStrainer, duplexTank (indicate use)ThermometerThermometer well, onlyThermos
14、tatTraps, steam (indicate type)Unit heater (indicate type)Air-Moving Devices and ComponentsFans (indicate use)CentrifugalPropellerRoof ventilator, intakeRoof ventilator, exhaustRoof ventilator, louveredVaneaxialDuctworka,bDirection of flowDuct size, where first dimension is visible ductDuct section,
15、 supplyDuct section, returnDuct section, exhaustChange of elevationrise (R) drop (D)Access doors, vertical orhorizontalCowl, (gooseneck) and flashingDuct liningFlexible connectionFlexible ductSound attenuatorTerminal unit, mixingTerminal unit, variable volumea Units of measurement are not shown here
16、, but should be shown on drawings. The firstdimension is visible duct dimension for duct size, top dimension for grilles, and hori-zontal dimension for registers.bShow volumetric flow rate at each device.37.8 2013 ASHRAE HandbookFundamentals (SI)TransitionaTurning vanesSmoke detectorsDampersBackdraf
17、t damperFire damperManual volumeSmoke damperGrilles, Register and DiffusersbSidewall inlet, (exhaust) outlet, registers, and grillesSidewall outlet, registers, and grillesRectangular four-way outlet, supplyLouver and screenTransfer grille or louverDoor grille or louverUndercut doorCeiling diffuser,
18、rectangularRound outletLinear outletLight troffer outletRefrigerationCompressorsCentrifugalaIndicate flat on bottom or top (FOB or FOT), if applicable.bShow volumetric flow rate at each device.ReciprocatingRotaryRotary screwCondensersAir cooledEvaporativeWater cooled, (specify type)Condensing UnitsA
19、ir cooledaWater cooledaCondenser-Evaporator(Cascade System)Cooling TowersCooling towerSpray pondEvaporatorsbFinned coilForced convectionImmersion cooling unitPlate coilPipe coilcLiquid Chillers (Chillers only)Direct expansiondFloodeddTank, closedTank, openChilling UnitsAbsorptionaL = Liquid being co
20、oled, RL = Refrigerant liquid, RS = Refrigerant suction.bSpecify manifolding.cFrequently used diagrammatically as evaporator and/or condenser with label indicat-ing name and type.dL = Liquid being cooled, RL = Refrigerant liquid, RS = Refrigerant suction.Abbreviations and Symbols 37.9CentrifugalReci
21、procatingRotary screwControlsRefrigerant ControlsCapillary tubeExpansion valve, handExpansion valve, automaticExpansion valve, thermostaticFloat valve, high side, or liquid drain valveFloat valve, low sideThermal bulbSolenoid valveConstant pressure valve, suctionEvaporator pressure regulating valve,
22、 thermostatic, throttlingEvaporator pressure regulating valve, thermostatic, snap-actionEvaporator pressure regulating valve, throttling-type, evaporator sideCompressor suction valve, pressure-limiting, throttling-type, compressor sideThermosuction valveSnap-action valveRefrigerant reversing valveTe
23、mperature or Temperature-Actuated Electrical or Flow ControlsThermostat, self-containedThermostat, remote bulbSensor, temperaturePressure-reducing regulatorPressure regulatorValve, condenser water regulatingAuxiliary EquipmentRefrigerantFilterStrainerFilter and drierScale trapDrierVibration absorber
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