1、2012ASHRAE HANDBOOKHVAC Systemsand EquipmentSI EditionSupported by ASHRAE ResearchThe four-volume ASHRAE Handbook is a reference for engineers working in HVAC nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, photocopying,
2、 recording,or otherwithout permission in writing from ASHRAE.Volunteer members of ASHRAE Technical Committees and others compiled the infor-mation in this handbook, and it is generally reviewed and updated every four years. Com-ments, criticisms, and suggestions regarding the subject matter are invi
3、ted. Any errors oromissions in the data should be brought to the attention of the Editor. Additions and correc-tions to Handbook volumes in print will be published in the Handbook published the yearfollowing their verification and, as soon as verified, on the ASHRAE Internet Web site.DISCLAIMERASHRA
4、E has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated,and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process,procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technicaldata or editorial material in this publication
5、does not constitute endorsement, warranty, orguaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like.ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors. Theentire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user
6、.ISBN 978-1-936504-26-8ISSN ISSN 1930-7705The paper for this book was manufactured in an acid- and elemental-chlorine-free process with pulp obtained from sources using sustainable forestry practices. The printing used soy-based inks.CONTENTSContributorsASHRAE Technical Committees, Task Groups, and
7、Technical Resource GroupsASHRAE Research: Improving the Quality of LifePrefaceAIR-CONDITIONING AND HEATING SYSTEMSChapter 1. HVAC System Analysis and Selection (TC 9.1, Large Building Air-Conditioning Systems)2. Decentralized Cooling and Heating (TC 9.1)3. Central Cooling and Heating (TC 9.1)4. Air
8、Handling and Distribution (TC 9.1)5. In-Room Terminal Systems (TC 9.1)6. Panel Heating and Cooling (TC 6.5, Radiant Heating and Cooling)7. Combined Heat and Power Systems (TC 1.10, Cogeneration Systems)8. Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling (TC 1.10)9. Applied Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Systems (TC 6.
9、8, Geothermal Heat Pump and Energy Recovery Applications)10. Small Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems (TC 6.3, Central Forced Air Heating and Cooling Systems)11. Steam Systems (TC 6.1, Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems)12. District Heating and Cooling (TC 6.2, District Energy)13. Hydronic
10、 Heating and Cooling (TC 6.1)14. Condenser Water Systems (TC 6.1)15. Medium- and High-Temperature Water Heating (TC 6.1)16. Infrared Radiant Heating (TC 6.5)17. Ultraviolet Lamp Systems (TC 2.9, Ultraviolet Air and Surface Treatment)18. Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Systems TC 8.7, Variable Refrigerant
11、Flow (VRF)AIR-HANDLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapter 19. Duct Construction (TC 5.2, Duct Design)20. Room Air Distribution Equipment (TC 5.3, Room Air Distribution)21. Fans (TC 5.1, Fans)22. Humidifiers (TC 5.11, Humidifying Equipment)23. Air-Cooling and Dehumidifying Coils (TC 8.4, Air-to-Refriger
12、ant Heat Transfer Equipment)24. Desiccant Dehumidification and Pressure-Drying Equipment (TC 8.12, Desiccant Dehumidification Equipment and Components)25. Mechanical Dehumidifiers and Related Components (TC 8.10, Mechanical Dehumidification Equipment and Heat Pipes)26. Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equ
13、ipment (TC 5.5, Air-to-Air Energy Recovery)27. Air-Heating Coils (TC 8.4)28. Unit Ventilators, Unit Heaters, and Makeup Air Units (TC 6.1 and TC 5.8, Industrial Ventilation)29. Air Cleaners for Particulate Contaminants (TC 2.4, Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipme
14、nt)30. Industrial Gas Cleaning and Air Pollution Control EquipmentTC 5.4, Industrial Process Air Cleaning (Air Pollution Control)HEATING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapter 31. Automatic Fuel-Burning Systems (TC 6.10, Fuels and Combustion)32. Boilers (TC 6.1)33. Furnaces (TC 6.3)34. Residential In-Space
15、 Heating Equipment (TC 6.5)35. Chimney, Vent, and Fireplace Systems (TC 6.10)36. Hydronic Heat-Distributing Units and Radiators (TC 6.1)37. Solar Energy Equipment (TC 6.7, Solar Energy Utilization)COOLING EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTSChapter 38. Compressors (TC 8.1, Positive Displacement Compressors, and
16、 TC 8.2, Centrifugal Machines)39. Condensers (TC 8.4, TC 8.5, Liquid-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers, and TC 8.6, Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers)40. Cooling Towers (TC 8.6)41. Evaporative Air-Cooling Equipment (TC 5.7, Evaporative Cooling)42. Liquid Coolers (TC 8.5)43. Liquid-Chilling Syst
17、ems (TC 8.1 and TC 8.2)GENERAL COMPONENTS44. Centrifugal Pumps (TC 6.1)45. Motors, Motor Controls, and Variable-Speed Drives (TC 1.11, Electric Motors and Motor Control)46. Pipes, Tubes, and Fittings (TC 6.1)47. Valves (TC 6.1)48. Heat Exchangers (TC 6.1)PACKAGED, UNITARY, AND SPLIT-SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
18、Chapter 49. Unitary Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps (TC 8.11, Unitary and Room Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps)50. Room Air Conditioners and Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners (TC 8.11)GENERAL51. Thermal Storage (TC 6.9, Thermal Storage)52. Codes and Standards Additions and CorrectionsIndexComposite
19、 index to the 2009 Fundamentals, 2010 Refrigeration, 2011 HVAC Applications, and 2012 HVAC Systems and Equipment volumesComment PagesCONTRIBUTORSIn addition to the Technical Committees, the following individuals contributed significantly to this volume. The appropriate chapter numbers follow each co
20、ntributors name.Harvey Brickman (1)Tishman Realty and ConstructionDennis J. Wessel (1)Karpinski EngineeringStephen W. Duda (2)Ross tele-phone: 404-636-8400; www.ashrae.org.PrefaceThe 2012 ASHRAE HandbookHVAC Systems and Equipmentdiscusses various systems and the equipment (components or assem-blies)
21、 they comprise, and describes features and differences. Thisinformation helps system designers and operators in selecting andusing equipment. An accompanying CD-ROM contains all the vol-umes chapters in both I-P and SI units.This edition includes a new Chapter 18, Variable-Refrigerant-Flow Systems,
22、which describes these systems, their components,and applicable standards in detail, and includes a system designexample and important guidance on costs, controls, and safety.Some of the volumes other revisions and additions are as follows:Chapter 5, In-Room Terminal Systems, was extensively revisedf
23、or usability, and has updates for current practice and technology,including new sections on variable-refrigerant-flow (VRF) unitsand chilled beams.Chapter 8, Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling, has a new sectionon indirect evaporative cooling, plus new figures showing psy-chrometric processes and capa
24、city enhancement and costs.Chapter 9, Applied Heat Pump and Heat Recovery Systems, hasa new section and figure on applying lead-chiller heat pump waterheating.Chapter 10, Small Forced-Air Heating and Cooling Systems, hasbeen revised for current practice, with new content and referenceson duct system
25、 efficiency.Chapter 12, District Heating and Cooling, updated throughout,has an extensive new section on economic comparisons, plusseveral new detailed examples.Chapter 14, Condenser Water Systems, has added guidance onusing lake or river water and on freeze protection and winter oper-ation.Chapter
26、15, Medium- and High-Temperature Water Heating, hasadded information on pump seal cooling and water treatment.Chapter 17, Ultraviolet Lamp Systems, has new results fromASHRAE research project RP-1509 on degradation of materialsirradiated by UV-C energy.Chapter 19, Duct Construction, has a rewritten
27、section on ductleakage, and new information on air dispersion systems andfactory-built grease duct systems.Chapter 20, Room Air Distribution Equipment, has revised andexpanded sections on chilled beams and fan-coils.Chapter 21, Fans, has added descriptions of types of fans andtheir applications; man
28、y upgraded figures; vibration categories,grades and limits; and a complete rewrite of the controls section.Chapter 22, Humidifiers, has updated figures, plus new content onmanagement systems, environmental conditions, and residentialsteam and industrial high-pressure and gas-fired equipment.Chapter
29、25, Mechanical Dehumidifiers and Related Components,has new content on whole-house residential, natatorium, andindustrial equipment.Chapter 26, Air-to-Air Energy Recovery Equipment, has new per-formance equations, plus new content on capacity control and onmultiple-exchanger, liquid-desiccant, therm
30、osiphon, and twin-tower systems.Chapter 29, Air Cleaners for Particulate Contaminants, wasrevised to reflect current editions of ASHRAE Standard 52.2 andGuideline 26.Chapter 30, Industrial Gas Cleaning and Air Pollution ControlEquipment, has been updated to reflect current technology, withadded info
31、rmation on Z-flow pack filters.Chapter 32, Boilers, has an updated section on condensing boilersand expanded guidance on boiler selection.Chapter 37, Solar Energy Equipment, has new content on world-wide solar equipment use, colored collectors, seasonal storage,and photovoltaic (PV) performance and
32、degradation.Chapter 39, Condensers, has added research results on the effectsof liquid inundation and oil on heat transfer.Chapter 40, Cooling Towers, has added content on hybrid cool-ing towers, variable-frequency drive (VFD) operation, and freecooling.Chapter 41, Evaporative Air-Cooling Equipment,
33、 revised through-out, has a new section on sound attenuation.Chapter 44, Centrifugal Pumps, has been updated, with severalnew figures and a new section on differential pressure controlwith predefined control curves.Chapter 45, Motors, Motor Controls, and Variable-Speed Drives,has new sections on run
34、ning motors above base speed and onVFD-induced bearing currents.Chapter 51, Thermal Storage, has new content on unitary thermalstorage systems (UTSSs), two new detailed sizing examples, sev-eral new figures, and extensive new guidance on equipment selec-tion and operation.This volume is published, b
35、oth as a bound print volume and inelectronic format on a CD-ROM, in two editions: one using inch-pound (I-P) units of measurement, the other using the InternationalSystem of Units (SI).Corrections to the 2009, 2010, and 2011 Handbook volumes canbe found on the ASHRAE Web site at http:/www.ashrae.org
36、 and inthe Additions and Corrections section of this volume. Correctionsfor this volume will be listed in subsequent volumes and on theASHRAE Web site.Reader comments are enthusiastically invited. To suggest im-provements for a chapter, please comment using the form on theASHRAE Web site or, using the cutout page(s) at the end of this vol-umes index, write to Handbook Editor, ASHRAE, 1791 Tullie Cir-cle, Atlanta, GA 30329, or fax 678-539-2187, or e-mail to mowenashrae.org.Mark S. OwenEditor
