1、COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesHeres news thats bound to be the talk of the industry. The MetasYs Facility Management System can now control systems from Honey- well, Robertshaw, Barber- Colman and Landis text messaging a
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3、an customize a Nextel system lo the needs of you and your workers. Youll feel a lot lighter. GET SMART. GET NEXTEL. 01997 liexiel Communicibiians. All righPs reserved. Nextel, the Nextel logo, Nexd Duect Connect and Get Smart. Est Nextel. COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC E
4、ngineersLicensed by Information Handling Services39-4 IVS-ENGL 1997 0759b50 052753b bbb E Page 72: Utility Deregulation Page 49: Efficient Buildings DE iqTs Commentary _. . . . . . . . ._. . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ._. . . . ,. . . 6 industry News . 1 1 Washington Report . 22 Technolog
5、y QBA .,. . . 24 26 Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Meetings and Shows . 28 S pecia I Products . 68 Standards . . . . . . . . . ._. . . . . , . . . . . . , , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._ . . . . . 70 People . 75 Literatu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6、. . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Products. . . 79 CI assifi ed Adverfisi n g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Advertising Index 88 Reader Service Card . 88A tp 9: “a International Development of Standards for Ventilation of Buildings
7、Alternative Water Treatment for Cooling Towers By Bjarne W. Olesen, Ph.D. . 31 By Charles A. Wilsey 43 Energy-Efficient Office Building Design For Floridas Hot and Humid Climate By Danny S. Parker, Philip W. Fairey, li/, and Janef E.R. Mcllvaine _ 49 By Brian Kovak, P. Richard Heimann, and Jay Hamme
8、l, Ph.D. . .60 By D. Randall hey, P.E., and Darin C. Smith , 65 The Sanitizing Effects of Desiccant-Based Cooling Innovative Ventilation System for Animal Anatomy Laboratory r The Vet Medical Center at Cornell University (shown on cover) has on animal anatomy lab with a unique ventilation system tha
9、t uses air-to-air heat recovery and focused ventilation. The system, designed by D. Randall lacey, P.E., and Darin C. Smith, won a 7 997ASHRAE Technology Award. Locey and Smith describe the project in an article that stark on Page 65. APRIL 1997 VOLUME 39 NUMBER 4 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heati
10、ng, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesIRN 37-q IVS-ENGL 1997 = 0757b50 0527537 5T2 Ventilation Standards and Other Technologies n this issue Bjarne W. Olesen provides an excellent update on the international I development of standards for ventilation. His review
11、covers ASHRAE Standard 62-1989R, the European Standard CEN prENV 1752, CIBSE Guide A sec2, and DIN 1946, part 2. The article compares the ventilation requirements in these pro- posed standards or guidelines. Although there are some differences in the scopes, all include a minimum ventilation rate wh
12、ich is the focus for comparison. Olesen also reviews the definition of acceptable indoor air quality in the standards and pro- cedures for estimating minimum ventilation. We move from ventilation standards to innovative ventilation for an animal lab- oratory in the article by D. Randall Lacey and Da
13、rin C. Smith. This ASHRAE Technology Award case study met the challenge of providing an unusual ventila- tion system for a veterinary schools large animal anatomy lab where students dis- sect as many as a dozen horses at one time. The horses have been embalmed, and that creates a voluminous source o
14、f formaldehyde and phenol vapors. Lacey and Smiths design included two innovative elements: focused ventilation that elimi- nated the vapor problems without a high number of air changes, and air-to-air heat recovery. In other technologies in this issue Brian Kovak, P. Richard Heimam and Jay Hammel s
15、tudied the CFC-free systems that use desiccant wheels to dehumidiQ air. Their article, The Sanitizing Efects of Desiccant-Based Cooling on Indoor Air evaluated four desiccant-based air-conditioning (DBAC) systems and examined their sanitizing effects on airborne microorganisms. Since bioaerosols are
16、 often associated with moisture, the potential for their reduction was examined. They found that a decrease was observed between the number of bacteria and fungi enter- ing and exiting the DBAC units. The decrease in bioaerosols, supports the concept that microorganisms are being reduced across the
17、desiccant wheel. From the indoor environment we shif to the outdoor environment with the arti- cle on Alternative Cooling Tower Water Treatment Methods. This is an examina- tion of the factors that contribute to proper water balance for cooling towers and include total alkalinity, calcium hardness,
18、and pH. According to author Charles A. Wilsey, a manipulation of these components is often necessary to keep the cooling tower from scaling or corroding. This has traditionally been achieved with the use of chemicals, such as the following: acid, soda ash, sodium bicarbonate, algaecide, and bacteric
19、ide. Wilsey suggests supplemental ionic water purification to achieve the reduction of scaling and corrosion problems. This technology has been applied to cooling towers as an alternative to chemical-only regimens. Hot and humid climates, such as those in Florida, challenge architects and engi- neer
20、s seeking energy efficient office designs. Danny S. Parker examines a state-of- the-art office building in Cocoa, Fla., that provides a high-visibility demonstration of potential energy design solutions. In the article, Energy-Efficient Office Building Design for a Hot and Humid Climate, he examines
21、 a facility that was designed with the following objective: within the limits of the climate, design and construct the most energy-eficient office building possible. The facility has an extensive energy management system (EMS) capable of optimizing and veriQing system perfor- mance. It also has a de
22、tailed data acquisition system to examine performance. a April, 1997 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesL-.hJ u Industries Inc. Bury St. Edmunds, England Calgary, Canada Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Houston, Texas Toronto, Canada
23、Tel: (01284) 701356 Tel: (403) 279-8619 Tel: (954) 351-2444 Tel: (281) 590-1 172 Tel: (416) 744-3300 Fax: (01284) 701357 Fax: (403) 279-5035 Fax: (954) 351-2440 Fax. (281) 590-3086 Fax, (416) 744-3360 (Circle No. 7 on Reader Service Card) COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC E
24、ngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesCOPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesO 0527543 T23 BAaalk provides 6
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28、se call for your free CD-ROM at (206) 869-8400, fax (206) 869-8445, or connect with us at http:/. AirnN TECHNOGIES INC (Circle No. 9 on Reader Service Card) COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTDSASHRAE SRCH JOURN 37-4 IVS-EN
29、GL 1777 0757b50 0527542 7bT The 2,706 Society members who attended the 7 997 Winter Meeting in Philadelphia found plenty of opportunities to learn about issues affecting the profession. The technical program featured 38 forums, 45 seminars and 76 programs. Activities also includes six technical four
30、s, two news conferences, 7 7 continuing education classes, an awards programs, and nu- merous committee meetings. Here (left photo), Rick Hermans of Saint Paul (Minn.) Public Schools applauds after a pre- sentation at a seminar. At right, Morry Markel, questions a seminar speaker. Audits Offer New W
31、ay to Assess Energy Use PHILADELPHIA - Some of the newest methods for assessing building energy use were presented at ASHRAEs Win- ter Meeting. The new building audits provide a greater range of building per- formance information. They serve as a more accurate basis for making energy efficiency impr
32、ovements, ultimately saving building owners money. In addition, the new assessment tech- niques can provide building perfor- mance information that helps determine a buildings compliance with ANSI/ ASHRAEIIESNA Standard 90.1, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings Ex- cept Low-Rise Residential Bui
33、ldings. Richard Mazzucchi, a project manag- er at Bellevue, Wash. consulting firm, presented new methods that benefitted non-residential building customers of Seattle City Light (SCL). The energy auditing methods Mazzuc- chi described offer two new advantages to building owners-assessments with grea
34、ter historical perspective and more sophisticated comparisons with similar buildings under similar conditions. Mazzucchi examines a buildings en- ergy use over a much longer period of time than is typically assessed, five years versus only one or two. The longer as- sessment provides more informatio
35、n on a greater variety of building conditions, April, 1997 1997 ASHRAE Winter Meeting I LE./ January 25 - 29 and also tends to smooth out short-term anomalies associated with, for example, extreme weather conditions; tenant tum- over; or changes in HVAC equipment. Using new software, Mazzucchi auto-
36、 mated an examination of a buildings en- ergy use and its costs and compared that data via computer analysis with similar buildings under similar weather condi- tions. A five-year baseline of data on building energy use,results in a more accu- rate assessment of building performance as well as energ
37、y-saving opportunities. The delivery of these auditing servic- es begins with the development of build- ing performance indices by an automated analysis of utility billing his- tories over the past five years. Concur- rently, information on general building characteristics is gathered. The software
38、then analyzes and displays performance indices for electricity, natural gas, steam, fuel oil, water, and sewage systems. This approach not only gathers more information over more time but also an- alyzes exactly how a building may have changed over that time. This is a crucial parameter, Mazzucchi,
39、said, since over the course of five years, many equip- ment changes have probably occurred, with profound impact on building per- formance, and he has found this infor- mation to be of great interest to building owners and managers. The detailed historical and general building characteristics data a
40、re then com- bined with other information gained through discussions with the customers operations and decision-making staff. In- Spections and measurement of the custom- ers facilities and energy systems are included, followed by costbenefit assess- ment of energy efficiency opportunities, recommen
41、dations of specific actions, and the presentation and negotiation of an ac- tion plan. Again, time considerations are of pri- mary importance, although at this point they are directed toward the future, Maz- zucchi said. Atractive energy-saving plans are those that focus both on opportunities that a
42、re immediately attractive to the par- ticipating customers as well as those that may match the customers longer-term business needs, he said. Mr. Mazzucchi advocated performing a series of such ac- tion plans over an extended period of time in order to help the customer realize all of the energy eff
43、iciency oppominities. ASH RAE J ou rna I 11 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AC EngineersLicensed by Information Handling ServicesSTD-ASHRAE SRCH JOURN 39-4 IVS-ENGL 1997 m 0759b5D 0527543 BTb m Real-Time Pricing: Benefits and Difficulties PHILADELPHIA-Many electric utili- ti
44、es are exploring various pricing strate- gies to attract and retain customers. One electric rate structure that has gained a great deal of interest is real-time pricing (RTP). This was the topic of a Winter Meeting forum moderated by Douglas Reindl, Member ASHRAE. With a real-time pricing rate struc
45、- ture, the sale price of electricity varies on an hourly (or shorter) time interval throughout each day. The purpose of the 12 ASHRAE Journal 1997 ASHRAE Winter Meeting January 25 - 29 forum was to raise a greater awareness of electricity pricing trends in the indus- try and to allow interested par
46、ties to dis- cuss the potential impact of such a rate structure on building owners, manufac- turers, electric utilities, industrial cus- tomers, and others. The forum hosted over 60 participants. The session started with the forum chair providing a brief overview of real-time pricing basics, demogra
47、phics of the cur- rent RTP market, and examples of real- time pricing profiles, based on historical data from several utilities. One of the first issues discussed cen- tered on steps that building owners must See Pricing, Page 74 April, 1997 COPYRIGHT American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and A
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