1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.18-2011(Revision of ASME B30.18-2004)Safety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsStacker Cranes(Top or Under Running Bridge, Multiple Girder With Top or Under Running Trolley Hoist)ASME B30.18-2011(Revision of ASME B30.18-2004
2、)Stacker Cranes(Top or Under Running Bridge,Multiple Girder With Top orUnder Running Trolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, andSlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: April 29, 2011The next edition of t
3、his Standard is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are publi
4、shed on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures acc
5、redited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public
6、review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the v
7、alidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvi
8、sed that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of
9、this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electro
10、nic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee
11、Roster . vB30 Standard Introduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 18-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 18-0.1 Scope of B30.18 1Section 18-0.2 Definitions 1Section 18-0.3 References . 6Chapter 18-1 General Construction and Installation. 8Section 18-1.1 Marking . 8Section 18-1.2 Clear
12、ances . 8Section 18-1.3 General Construction Runways and Supporting Structures . 8Section 18-1.4 Stacker Crane Construction 9Section 18-1.5 Cabs 9Section 18-1.6 Footwalks and Ladders 9Section 18-1.7 Stops, Bumpers, Rail Sweeps, and Guards 10Section 18-1.8 Brakes . 11Section 18-1.9 Electrical Equipme
13、nt . 12Section 18-1.10 Hoisting Equipment . 17Section 18-1.11 Warning Devices . 17Section 18-1.12 Lubrication 17Chapter 18-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 18Section 18-2.1 Inspection . 18Section 18-2.2 Testing 19Section 18-2.3 Maintenance . 19Section 18-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and M
14、aintenance 20Chapter 18-3 Operation. 22Section 18-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators 22Section 18-3.2 Handling the Load . 23Section 18-3.3 Miscellaneous . 24Figures18-0.2.1-1 Cab-Operated Stacker Crane . 218-0.2.1-2 Floor-Operated Stacker Crane 318-0.2.1-3 Underhung Stacker Crane Moveme
15、nt . 418-1.9.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches(Three-Motor Crane) . 1418-1.9.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches(Four-Motor Crane) 1418-1.9.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-ButtonStation Arrangement) 1518-1.9.3-4 Recommend
16、ed Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane ControlTransmitter Lever Arrangement) . 16iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Inst
17、itute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented to the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings
18、and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to Ameri
19、can Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the AS
20、ME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization
21、 of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph.
22、 This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Depar
23、tment of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate Volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and ma
24、intenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that
25、may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types
26、may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident t
27、hat an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before r
28、enderingdecisions on disputed points.This Volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on March 5, 2011.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-t
29、ee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the
30、roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry
31、Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services,
32、Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti ASME Order Department: 22 LawDrive, Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900(www.asme.org)CMAA Specification No. 70-2004, Specifications forElectric Overhead Traveling CranesPublisher: Crane Manufacturers Association of America
33、,Inc. (CMAA), 8720 Red Oak Boulevard, Charlotte, NC28217 (www.mhia.org/psc/PSC_Products_Cranes.cfm)AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th Edition, 2005Publisher: American Institute of Steel Construction(AISC), 1 East Wacker Drive, Suite 700, Chicago,IL 60601 (www.aisc.org)ASME B30.18-2011Chapter 18-1G
34、eneral Construction and InstallationSECTION 18-1.1: MARKING18-1.1.1 Rated Load Markings CraneThe rated load of the stacker crane and its load centerlocation shall be marked on the crane. The rated loadof the stacker crane shall also be marked on each sideof the crane and shall be legible from the gr
35、ound or floor.18-1.1.2 Manufacturers Identification MarkingsThe stacker crane shall be marked with the manufac-turers identification information on a plate or labelattached to the crane, as follows:(a) name and address of manufacturer(b) manufacturers model or serial number(c) voltage of AC or DC po
36、wer supply, and phase andfrequency of AC power supply(d) circuit ampacity18-1.1.3 Warnings(a) Floor-operated cranes and remote-operated cranesshall have safety label(s) affixed to the pendant station,portable operating station, or the stacker crane carriage.Cab-operated and pulpit-operated stacker c
37、ranes shallhave safety label(s) affixed in the cab or pulpit. The labelor labels shall be in compliance with ANSI Z535.4, andshall include cautionary language against, but not lim-ited to(1) lifting more than the rated load(2) operating stacker crane when the load is notproperly centered on forks(3)
38、 operating hoist-powered stacker with twisted,kinked, or damaged chain or rope(4) operating damaged or malfunctioning stackercrane(5) lifting people, except as outlined inpara. 18-3.2.2(d)(6) lifting loads over people(7) operating a rope hoist powered stacker with arope that is not properly seated i
39、n its groove(8) removing or obscuring safety labels(b) A safety label shall be affixed on all electrical con-trol enclosures. The label shall be in compliance withANSI Z535.4, and shall include, but not be limited to,information such as(1) Disconnect power and lockout disconnectingmeans before remov
40、ing cover or servicing thisequipment.(2) Do not operate without cover in place.8SECTION 18-1.2: CLEARANCES18-1.2.1 Clearance From Obstruction(a) Clearance shall be maintained between the stackercrane and the building as well as parallel running cranesunder all normal operating conditions. Factors th
41、atinfluence clearance, such as wheel float, truss sag, bridgeskewing, stacker mast movement, aisle width, andapproaches of the stacker trolley, shall be considered.(b) Where passageways or walkways are provided onthe structure supporting the stacker crane, obstructionsshall not be placed such that p
42、ersonnel will be jeopard-ized by movements of the crane.18-1.2.2 Clearance Between Noninterlocking ParallelCranesIf the runways of two cranes are parallel and thereare no intervening walls or structures, there should bea minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) clearance provided andmaintained between the two stack
43、er crane bridges.SECTION 18-1.3: GENERAL CONSTRUCTION RUNWAYS AND SUPPORTINGSTRUCTURES18-1.3.1 Foundations and Anchorages(a) Permanent concrete or masonry foundations shallrest on footings below the frost line except in permafrost.(b) Every outdoor stacker crane shall be providedwith secure fastenin
44、gs convenient to apply and ableto hold the crane against a wind pressure of 30 lb/ft2(1 436 Pa). Parking brakes may be considered minimumcompliance with this rule.(c) Where design wind pressures in excess of 30 lb/ft2(1 436 Pa) are specified, special anchorages such aslatches or tie-downs shall be p
45、rovided at the home posi-tion, or remotely operated rail clamps capable of engage-ment at all positions shall be provided as a supplementto the primary braking system. (ANSI/ASCE-7 may beused as a reference for this condition.)(d) Rail clamps should only be applied when thestacker crane is not in mo
46、tion.(e) When rails are used for anchorages, they shall besecured to withstand the resultant forces applied by therail clamps. If the clamps act on the rail, any projectionor obstruction in the clamping area shall be avoided.(f) A wind-indicating device shall be provided for alloutdoor cranes. The d
47、evice shall be mounted on theASME B30.18-2011crane or the crane runway structure and shall give avisible and audible alarm to the crane operator at apredetermined wind velocity. A single wind-indicatingdevice may serve as an alarm for more than one crane.18-1.3.2 Crane Runways(a) Construction of Run
48、ways and Rails(1) The crane runways and supporting structuresshall be designed to withstand the loads and forcesimposed by the stacker crane, and should conform to thedesign parameters as specified in the applicable AISCManual of Steel Construction.(2) Runway columns shall be securely anchored tofou
49、ndations.(3) The structure shall be free from detrimentalvibration under normal operating conditions.(4) Rails shall be level, straight, joined, and spacedto crane span within the manufacturers recommendedtolerances compatible with the design of the stackercrane.(b) Runway Stops(1) Stops shall be provided at the limits of travelof the stacker crane bridge.(2) Stops shall be designed to withstand the forcesapplied to the bumpers as specified in para. 18-1.7.2.(3) If a stop engages the tread of the wheel, it shallnot be of a height less than the radius of the wheel.Stops eng
