1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.2-2011(Revision of ASME B30.2-2005)Overhead and Gantry Cranes(Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.2-2011(Revision of ASME B30.2-2005)Ov
2、erhead andGantry Cranes(Top Running Bridge, Single orMultiple Girder, Top RunningTrolley Hoist)Safety Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks,and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: July 29, 2011The next edition of this S
3、tandard is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published
4、on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued and will also be included with each edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the crite
5、ria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that prov
6、ides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights
7、 asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of th
8、e validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME a
9、ccepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or othe
10、rwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Intro
11、duction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 2-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 2-0.1 Scope of B30.2 . 1Section 2-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 2-0.3 References . 5Chapter 2-1 General Construction and Installation. 7Section 2-1.1 Markings 7Section 2-1.2 Clearances . 7Section 2-1.3 General
12、Construction Runways and Supporting Structure 8Section 2-1.4 Crane Construction 8Section 2-1.5 Cabs Normal or Skeleton (if Provided) . 8Section 2-1.6 Lubrication 9Section 2-1.7 Service Platforms (Footwalks) 9Section 2-1.8 Stops and Bumpers 10Section 2-1.9 Rail Sweeps 10Section 2-1.10 Guards for Movi
13、ng Parts . 11Section 2-1.11 Truck Frame Drop . 11Section 2-1.12 Brakes and Braking Means . 11Section 2-1.13 Electrical Equipment . 12Section 2-1.14 Hoisting Equipment 16Section 2-1.15 Warning Devices or Means for a Crane With a Power-TravelingMechanism 17Section 2-1.16 Manual 17Chapter 2-2 Inspectio
14、n and Testing. 18Section 2-2.1 Inspection . 18Section 2-2.2 Rope Inspection 19Section 2-2.3 Testing 20Chapter 2-3 Operator Training and Operation . 21Section 2-3.1 Crane Operator Training . 21Section 2-3.2 Training for Persons Other Than Crane Operators . 21Section 2-3.3 Operation . 21Section 2-3.4
15、Planned Engineered Lifts . 24Section 2-3.5 Hoist Limit Devices (Switches) . 24Section 2-3.6 Signals 24Section 2-3.7 Miscellaneous 26Section 2-3.8 Crane Lockout/Tagout . 26Chapter 2-4 Maintenance Training and Maintenance . 27Section 2-4.1 Maintenance Training 27Section 2-4.2 Crane Maintenance 27Secti
16、on 2-4.3 Rope Replacement and Maintenance 28Section 2-4.4 Maintenance Records 29Figures2-0.2-1 Cantilever Gantry Crane . 22-0.2-2 Gantry Crane 3iii2-0.2-3 Overhead Crane . 32-0.2-4 Semigantry Crane 32-0.2-5 Wall Crane 32-1.13.3-1 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches(Three-Motor
17、Crane) . 142-1.13.3-2 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers or Master Switches(Four-Motor Crane) 142-1.13.3-3 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Pendant Push-Button StationArrangement) . 152-1.13.3-4 Recommended Arrangement of Controllers (Radio Crane ControlTransmitter Lever Arrangement) . 15
18、2-3.6.1-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Overhead and Gantry Cranes 25ivFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (fo
19、rmerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussi
20、ons regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standard
21、s Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute). Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety Co
22、deCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sec
23、tional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This docume
24、nt was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the
25、 Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance;
26、 and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a
27、coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provision
28、s; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but onl
29、y when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX, before rend
30、ering decisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were in
31、adequate.In this Volume of the Standard, Chapter 2-3 has been revised and Maintenance has been movedto a new Chapter 2-4. This Standard was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on May 31, 2011.vASME B30 STANDARDS COMMITTEESafe
32、ty Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew,
33、Thyssen Krup Steel USA, LLCT. L. Blaton, NACB Group, Inc.W. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, Consultant, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown Co.M. E. Brunet, Manitowoc Cranes/The Manitowoc Crane
34、GroupT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.B. A. Pickett, Alternate, Forensic Engineering and Applied ScienceInstituteR. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics GroupK. M. Jankowski, Alterna
35、te, Walker Magnetics GroupL. D. DeMark, Equipment Training Solutions, LLCD. Jordan, Alternate, BP AmericaD. W. Eckstine, Eckstine and AssociatesH. G. Leidich, Alternate, Leidich Consulting ServicesR. J. Edwards, NBIS, Product Safety and DevelopmentJ. L. Bury, Alternate, Putzmeister AmericaE. D. Fidl
36、er, Grove Crane/The Manitowoc Crane GroupJ. L. Gordon, Acco Material Handling SolutionsN. C. Hargreaves, Terex Corp.C. E. Imerman, Alternate, Link-Belt Construction Equipment Co.J. J. Headley, Crane Institute of AmericaW. C. Dickinson, Alternate, Crane Industry Services, LLCG. B. Hetherston, E. I. D
37、uPontK. M. Hyam, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersC. W. Ireland, National Oilwell VarcoA. J. Egging, Alternate, National Oilwell VarcoD. C. Jackson, Tulsa Winch GroupW. E. Osborn, Alternate, Ingersoll RandP. R. Juhren, Morrow Equipment Co., LLCM. J. Quinn, Alternate, Morrow Equipment Co.,
38、 LLCR. M. Kohner, Landmark Engineering ServicesD. Duerr, Alternate, 2DM Associates, Inc.C. E. Lucas, The Crosby Group, Inc.F. P. Massaro, Alternate, Bishop Lifting Products, Inc.A. J. Lusi, IUOE Local 542 JATCviD. W. Frantz, Alternate, Ohio Operating Engineers Local 18E. K. Marburg, Columbus McKinno
39、n Corp.D. K. Huber, Alternate, Columbus McKinnon Corp.L. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire RopeTechnical BoardD. M. Sleightholm, Alternate, Bridon American Corp.D. L. Morgan, Mission Support AllianceC. Brewer, Alternate, Mission Support AllianceG. L. Owens, ConsultantJ. Sturm, Alternat
40、e, Cranes Aerial Truck ServiceR. M. Parnell, Wire Rope Rigging Consultants/Industrial TrainingInternational, Inc.J. Danielson, Alternate, BoeingJ. T. Perkins, ConsultantR. M. Cutshall, Alternate, Savannah River Nuclear SolutionsJ. E. Richardson, U.S. Department of the NavyM. M. Jaxheimer, Alternate,
41、 Navy Crane CenterD. W. Ritchie, David Ritchie Consultant, LLCJ. D. Wiethorn, Alternate, Haag Engineering Co.J. W. Rowland III, ConsultantJ. C. Ryan, Boh Brothers Construction Co.A. R. Ruud, Alternate, Atkinson ConstructionD. Sayenga, The Cardon Management GroupJ. A. Gilbert, Alternate, Associated W
42、ire Rope FabricatorsD. W. Smith, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co.S. K. Rammelsburg, Alternate, Chicago Bridge and Iron Co.W. J. Smith, Jr., NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.J. Schoppert, Alternate, NBIS Claims and Risk Management, Inc.R. G. Strain, Advanced Crane Technologies, LLCP. D. Sweeney, Gener
43、al Dynamics, Electric BoatB. M. Casey, Alternate, Electric BoatA. R. Toth, Morris Material HandlingJ. D. Edmundson, Alternate, Morris Material HandlingB. E. Weir, Jr., Association of Union Constructors/Norris BrothersCo., Inc.J. R. Schober, Alternate, American Bridge Co.R. C. Wild, U.S. Army Corps o
44、f EngineersE. B. Stewart, Alternate, U.S. Army Corps of EngineersD. N. Wolff, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane GroupA. L. Calta, Alternate, National Crane/Manitowoc Crane GroupP. S. Zorich, RZP International Ltd.H. W. Fair, Alternate, H. Fair Associates, Inc.HONORARY MEMBERSJ. W. Downs, Downs Crane an
45、d Hoist Co.J. L. Franks, ConsultantJ. M. Klibert, Lift-All Co., Inc.R. W. Parry, ConsultantB30.2 SUBCOMMITTEE PERSONNELJ. W. Rowland III, Chair, ConsultantA. R. Toth, Vice Chair, Morris Material HandlingB. M. Casey, Alternate, Electric BoatC. E. Cotton, Navy Crane CenterR. M. Cutshall, Savannah Rive
46、r Nuclear SolutionsJ. L. Gordon, Acco Material Handling SolutionsJ. B. Greenwood, Navy Crane CenterC. W. McDaniel, Foley Material Handling Co.viiL. D. Means, Means Engineering and Consulting/Wire RopeTechnical BoardT. F. Pritchett, Crane Inspection ServicesJ. E. Pritchett, Alternate, Crane Inspectio
47、n ServicesG. V. Stanic, Globex Corp.D. Stevens, InTomes, LLCB. Westerhopf, G.W. Becker, Inc.(11)SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS,HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGSB30 STANDARD INTRODUCTIONSECTION I: SCOPEThe ASME B30 Standard contains provisions thatapply to the construction, installati
48、on, operation, inspec-tion, testing, maintenance, and use of cranes and otherlifting and material-movement related equipment. Forthe convenience of the reader, the Standard has beendivided into separate volumes. Each volume has beenwritten under the direction of the ASME B30 StandardCommittee and ha
49、s successfully completed a consensusapproval process under the general auspices of theAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI).As of the date of issuance of this Volume, the B30Standard comprises the following volumes:B30.1 Jacks, Industrial Rollers, Air Casters, andHydraulic GantriesB30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top RunningBridge, Single or Multiple Girder, TopRunning Trolley Hoist)B30.3 Tower CranesB30.4 Portal and Pedestal CranesB30.5 Mobile and Locomotive CranesB30.6 DerricksB30.7 WinchesB30.8 Floating Cranes and Floating DerricksB30.9 SlingsB30.10 HooksB30.11 Mo
