1、Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME B30.20-2018 (Revision of ASME B30.20-2013)ASME B30.20-2018 (Revision of ASME B30.20-2013) Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices Safety Standard for Cableways,
2、Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Two Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA xDate of Issuance: July 25, 2018 The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2023. This Standard will become effective 1 year aft er the Dat e of Issuance. AS
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12、2018 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii B30 Standard Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii Chapter 20-0 Scope, Definitions, Personnel Competence, Translations, and References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 20-0.1 Scope of ASME B30.20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 20-0.2 Definitions General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 20-0.3 Definitions for Chapter 20-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Section 20-0.4 Definitions for Chapter 20-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Section 20-0.5 Definitions for Chapter 20-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17、. . . . 2 Section 20-0.6 Definitions for Chapter 20-4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 20-0.7 Definitions for Chapter 20-5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 20-0.8
18、 Definitions for Chapter 20-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Section 20-0.9 Personnel Competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section 20-0.10 Translations . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Section 20-0.11 References to Other Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Chapter 20-1 Structural and Mechanical Lifting Devices . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 20-1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 20-1.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Section 20-1.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Section 20-1.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . 11 Section 20-1.5 Instruction Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Chapter 20-2 Vacuum Lifting Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、14 Section 20-2.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 20-2.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Section 20-2.3
24、Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Section 20-2.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Section 20-2.5 Instruction Manuals .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Chapter 20-3 Close Proximity Operated Lifting Magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Section 20-3.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Section 20-3.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Section 20-3.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Section 20-3.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Section 20-3.5 Instruction Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Chapter 20-4 Remotely Operated Lifting Magnets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Section 20-4.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . 29 Section 20-4.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Section 20-4.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 iiiSection 20-4.4
30、 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Section 20-4.5 Instruction Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Chapter 20-5 Scrap and Mat
31、erial-Handling Grapples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 20-5.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 20-5.2 Marking, Construction, and Install
32、ation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 20-5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Section 20-5.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Section 20-5.5 Instruction Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Chapter 20-6 Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Section 20-6.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Section 20-6.2 Marking, Construction, and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Section 20-6.3 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Section 20-6.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . 49 Section 20-6.5 Instruction Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Figures 20-1.1-1 Structural Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
37、20-1.1-2 Mechanical Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 20-1.1-3 Mechanical Supporting Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 20-2.1-1 Vacuum Lifters . . . . . .
38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 20-3.1-1 Close Proximity Operated Magnetic Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 20-4.1-1 Remotely Operated Magnetic Lifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 20-5.1-1 Scrap and Material-Handling Grapples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 20-6.0-1 Load- Supporting Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40、 . . . 43 20-6.0-2 Friction- Type Pressure-Gripping Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 20-6.0-3 Indentation- Type Pressure-Gripping Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 20-6.0-4 Anchoring and Positioning Clamps
41、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 20-6.0-5 Hybrid Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Table 20-1.3.3-1 Minimum Inspection for Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices . . . .
42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 ivFOREWORD This American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). This Standard had its b
43、eginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standards for Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presented at the annual meeting of the ASME. Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920 to 1
44、925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron and Steel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Standards Committee (AESC) (later changed to American Standards Association (ASA), then to the United States of America Standards
45、 Institute (USASI), and finally to ANSI), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor and Industry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. On June 11, 1925, AESC approved the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committees recommendation and authorized the
46、 project with the U.S. Department of the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors. In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to a Sectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2, 1926, and the
47、committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 national organizations. Commencing June 1, 1927, and using the eight-page code published by ASME in 1916 as a basis, the Sectional Committee developed the Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists. The early drafts of this safe
48、ty code included requirements for Jacks, but, due to inputs and comments on those drafts, the Sectional Committee decided in 1938 to make the requirements for Jacks a separate code. In January 1943, ASA B30.2- 1943 was published addressing a multitude of equipment types and in August 1943, ASA B30.1
49、-1943 was published just addressing Jacks. Both documents were reaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as safety standards. Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industry in safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Bureau of Yards and Docks (now the Naval Facilities Engineering Command) was reorganized on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 national organizations. The new committee changed the format of ASA B30.2-1943 so that the multitude of equipment types it addressed could be pub
