1、ASME B30.4-2003(Revision of ASME B30.4-1996)PORTAL,TOWER, ANDPEDESTALCRANESAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDPORTAL,TOWER, ANDP
2、EDESTALCRANESASME B30.4-2003(Revision of ASME B30.4-1996)SAFETY STANDARD FOR CABLEWAYS, CRANES, DERRICKS, HOISTS, HOOKS, JACKS, AND SLINGSCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-Date of Issua
3、nce: June 16, 2003The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2008. There will be no addendaissued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under
4、the Committee Pages at http:/www.asme.org/codes/ as they are issued, and will also be published within the next edition of theStandard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the crite
5、ria for American NationalStandards. The Consensus Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment which pro
6、vides an opportunity for additional public input from industry,academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent right
7、s asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that the determination o
8、f the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of the infringement of such rights,is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standar
9、d.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations issued in accordance with governing ASME procedures andpolicies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,w
10、ithout the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016Copyright 2003 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll Rights ReservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMEN
11、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vIntroduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 4-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 4-0.1 Scope of B30.4 . 1Section 4-0.2 Definitions 1Section 4-0.3 References . 5Chapter
12、4-1 Erection, Characteristics, and Construction . 6Section 4-1.1 Site Preparation and Erection 6Section 4-1.2 Load Ratings and Stability . 7Section 4-1.3 Documentation 8Section 4-1.4 Hoisting Equipment . 9Section 4-1.5 Luffing (Boom Hoist) and Trolley Equipment . 10Section 4-1.6 Slewing (Swing) Mech
13、anism . 11Section 4-1.7 Travel Equipment 11Section 4-1.8 Brakes, General Requirements 11Section 4-1.9 Switches and Limiting Devices . 12Section 4-1.10 Boom and Jib Support Ropes . 12Section 4-1.11 Reeving Accessories . 12Section 4-1.12 Counterweights 12Section 4-1.13 Controls . 13Section 4-1.14 Elec
14、trical Equipment . 13Section 4-1.15 Operators Cabs . 14Section 4-1.16 General Requirements 14Chapter 4-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 16Section 4-2.1 Inspection . 16Section 4-2.2 Testing 17Section 4-2.3 Maintenance . 17Section 4-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 18Chapter 4-3
15、 Operation 21Section 4-3.1 Qualification for and Conduct of Operators andOperating Practices 21Section 4-3.2 Operating Practices 22Section 4-3.3 Signals 24Section 4-3.4 Miscellaneous . 24Figures1 Pedestal Crane With Luffing Boom . 22 Portal Crane With Level Luffing Boom . 23 Hammerhead Tower Crane o
16、n Traveling Base . 34 Luffing Boom Tower Crane on a Fixed Base 45 Dead Ending Rope in a Socket . 136 Core Failure in 19 x 7 Rotation Resistant Rope 197 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Portal, Tower, andPedestal Cranes . 258 Danger Zone for Cranes and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Trans
17、mission Lines . 27Table1 Required Clearance for Normal Voltage in Operation NearHigh Voltage Power Lines . 28iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-FOREWORDThis American National Standard
18、, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute). ThisStandard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eigh
19、t-page Code of Safety Standards forCranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, was presentedto the annual meeting of the ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correl
20、ating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of
21、Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yard
22、s and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representi
23、ng 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques,
24、 and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27
25、 national organiza-tions.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate standards (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was
26、reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by the ASME and accredited by the American National StandardsInstitute.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authoriti
27、es responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new
28、 developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform applicati
29、on and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section III, before rendering decisions on disputed points.This volume of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Standards Committee
30、and byASME, was approved by ANSI and designated as an American National Standard on February19, 2003.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland ind
31、ustry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-ASME B30 STANDARDS COMMITTEESafety Standards for Cableways, Cranes, Derric
32、ks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairB. D. Closson, Vice ChairJ. D. Wendler, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Sverdrup Technology, Inc.W. T. Hargrov
33、e, Alternate, Mantech International Corp.R. E. Bluff, Mingus Constructors, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Kenney Construction Co.P. L. Rossi, Alternate, U.S. Department of Labor, OSHAS. C. Buck, International Union of Operating EngineersL. D. Demark, Alternate, International Union of Oper
34、ating EngineersT. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, NACB Technical ServicesT. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti the loads; the acceleration or speed of the ropes,chains
35、, sheaves, sprockets, or drums; the type of attach-ments; the number, size, and arrangement of sheaves orother parts; environmental conditions causing corrosionor wear; and many variables that must be consideredin each individual case. The rules given in the Standardmust be interpreted accordingly,
36、and judgment must beused in determining their application.The Standards Committee will be glad to receive criti-cisms of this Standards requirements and suggestions1B30.26, B30.27, and B30.28 are in the developmental stage.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASMENot for R
37、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-(03)for its improvement, especially those based on actualexperience in application of the rules.Suggestions for changes to the Standard should besubmitted to the Secretary of the B30 Committee, ASME,Three Park Avenue, New York,
38、NY 10016-5990, andshould be in accordance with the following format:(a) Cite the specific paragraph designation of the per-tinent volume.(b) Indicate the suggested change (addition, deletion,revision, etc.).(c) Briefly state the reason and/or evidence for thesuggested change.(d) Submit suggested cha
39、nges to more than one para-graph in the order that the paragraphs appear in thevolume.The B30 Committee will consider each suggestedchange in a timely manner in accordance with its proce-dures.SECTION I: SCOPEThis Standard applies to the construction, installation,operation, inspection, maintenance,
40、 and safe use of lift-ing equipment used in construction and industrial set-tings. This includes, but is not limited to: articluating-boom, container, gantry, mobile, pedestal, portal, towerand stacker cranes; balance-lifting units; below-the-hooklifting devices; cableways; derricks; jacks; hoists;
41、hooks;loads suspended from rotorcraft; material placementsystems; monorails; rigging hardware; and scrap andmaterial handlers.This Standard does not apply to track and automotivejacks, railway or automobile wrecking cranes, shipboardcranes, shipboard cargo-handling equipment, well-drilling derricks,
42、 skip hoists, mine hoists, truck bodyhoists, car or barge pullers, conveyors, excavating equip-ment, or equipment falling within the scope of the fol-lowing Committees: A10, A17, A90, A92, A120, B20, B56,and B77.SECTION II: PURPOSEThis Standard is designed to(a) guard against and minimize injury to
43、workers,and otherwise provide for the protection of life, limb,and property by prescribing safety requirements(b) provide direction to owners, employers, supervi-sors, and others concerned with, or responsible for, itsapplication(c) guide governments and other regulatory bodiesin the development, pr
44、omulgation, and enforcement ofappropriate safety directivesSECTION III: INTERPRETATIONSUpon request, the B30 Committee will render an inter-pretation of any requirement of the Standard.viiiInterpretations can only be rendered in response to awritten request sent to the Secretary of the B30 Commit-te
45、e, ASME, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.The request for interpretation should be clear andunambiguous. It is further recommended that theinquirer submit his request utilizing the followingformat.Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s)and provide a concise description.Edition: Ci
46、te the applicable edition of the pertinentvolume for which the interpretation is beingrequested.Question: Phrase the question as a request for an inter-pretation of a specific requirement suitablefor general understanding and use, not asa request for approval of a proprietarydesign or situation. The
47、 inquirer may alsoinclude any plans or drawings that are nec-essary to explain the question; however,they should not contain any proprietarynames or information.Requests that are not in this format will be rewrittenin this format by the Committee prior to being answered,which could change the intent
48、 of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of anyinterpretation when or if additional information thatmight affect an interpretation is available. Further, per-sons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to thecognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASMEdoes not “appro
49、ve,”“certify,”“rate,” or “endorse” anyitem, construction, proprietary device, or activity.SECTION IV: NEW AND EXISTING INSTALLATIONS(a) Effective Date. The effective date of this volume forthe purpose of defining new and existing installationsshall be 1 year after its date of issuance.(b) New Installations. Construction, installation,inspection, testing, maintenance, and operation ofequipment manufactured and facilities constructed afterthe effective date of this volume s
