1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.7-2011(Revision of ASME B30.7-2006)Winches(Formerly Titled Base-Mounted Drum Hoists)Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsASME B30.7-2011(Revision of ASME B30.7-2006)Winches(Formerly Titled Base-MountedDrum Hoists)Safety
2、 Standard for Cableways,Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks,Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDThree Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: August 5, 2011The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2016. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Da
3、te of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will
4、 also be included with each edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was
5、balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and th
6、e public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure
7、anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assumes any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their
8、 own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the
9、 establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical Engi
10、neersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . viB30 Standard Introduction . viiiSummary of Changes xiChapter 7-0 Scope, Definitions, and References . 1Section 7-0.1
11、 Scope of B30.7 . 1Section 7-0.2 Definitions . 1Section 7-0.3 References to Other Codes and Standards . 2Chapter 7-1 Construction and Installation . 5Section 7-1.1 Ratings and Markings 5Section 7-1.2 Construction . 5Section 7-1.3 Installation . 6Chapter 7-2 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance . 7Se
12、ction 7-2.1 Inspection . 7Section 7-2.2 Testing . 8Section 7-2.3 Maintenance . 9Section 7-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance 9Chapter 7-3 Operations 11Section 7-3.1 Qualifications and Conduct of Operators 11Section 7-3.2 Operating Practices 12Section 7-3.3 Miscellaneous 13Section 7-3.
13、4 Communications . 13Figures7-0.2-1 Single-Drum Winch 37-0.2-2 Three-Drum Winch With Attached Swinger . 37-0.2-3 Winch With Capstan . 37-0.2-4 Independent Direct Geared Swinger or Single-Drum Winch 47-3.4.4-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Winch Operations . 15iiiFOREWORDThis American Nationa
14、l Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December
15、1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented at the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safet
16、y Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering StandardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to theUSA Standards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, D
17、epartment of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineering Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, B
18、ureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectional Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent outOctober 2, 1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 membe
19、rs representing29 national organizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943,was created from the eight-page document referred to in the first paragraph. This document wasreaffirmed in 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement i
20、n techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval FacilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members re
21、presenting 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate Volumes (each complete as toconstruction and installation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) will cover thedifferent types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Commit
22、tee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding
23、and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisory provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary ha
24、rdship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or methods, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this St
25、andard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX of the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions resu
26、lt from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This 2011 Edition of B30.7 is a complete rewrite of the Standard, and the title has changedfrom Base-Mount
27、ed Drum Hoists to Winches. Revisions were made to reflect current technology andteminology; this revision now addresses both vertical lifting and horizontal pulling applications. Inivaddition, changes have been made to update Chapters 7-2 and 7-3 to be more consistent withother B30 volumes.This Volu
28、me of the Standard, which was approved by the B30 Committee and by ASME, wasapproved by ANSI and designated an American National Standard on June 28, 2011.vASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee
29、at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, ThyssenKrupp Steel USA, LLCW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A.
30、Boeckman, The Crosby Group, Inc.R. J. Bolen, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, Poms and AssociatesM. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/Liberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alter
31、nate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti this has theeffect of counteracting torque by reducing the tendencyof the finished rope to rotate.service, heavy: service that involves operation within therated load limit but that exceeds normal service.service, normal: distributed service tha
32、t involves opera-tion with randomly distributed loads within the ratedload limit, or uniform loads less than 65% of rated loadfor not more than 25% of the time.service, severe: service that involves normal or heavy ser-vice with abnormal conditions.spooling: winding of rope on a cylindrical drum in
33、evenlyspaced wraps and uniform layers.standby winch: a winch not in regular service but usedoccasionally or intermittently as required.swinger drum: a drum that has a wire rope connectionpoint at each flange to allow an overwind andunderwind operation. When the rope is wrappedaround a derrick bull w
34、heel, it is used to slew or swingthe derrick.2switch: a device for making, breaking, or changing theconnections in an electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic cir-cuit (valve).winch: a power-driven drum(s) that when attached to aload is capable of moving the load. See Figs. 7-0.2-1through 7-0.2-4.SECTION 7
35、-0.3: REFERENCES TO OTHER CODESAND STANDARDSThe following is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard:ANSI/ASSE Z244.1-2003 (R2008), Control of HazardousEnergy Lockout/Tagout and Alternative Methods1Publisher: The American Society of Safety Engineers(ASSE), 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plai
36、nes, IL 60018(www.asse.org)ANSI/AWS D14.3/D14.3M-2006, Specification forWelding Earthmoving and Construction Equipment1Publisher: American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NWLeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (www.aws.org)ASME B30.10-2005, HooksASME B30.20-2006, Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesASME B30.26-2004,
37、Rigging HardwarePublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O.Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900 (www.asme.org)1May also be obtained from American National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street,
38、New York, NY 10036(www.ansi.org).ASME B30.7-2011Fig. 7-0.2-1 Single-Drum WinchFig. 7-0.2-2 Three-Drum Winch With Attached SwingerFig. 7-0.2-3 Winch With Capstan3ASME B30.7-2011Fig. 7-0.2-4 Independent Direct Geared Swinger or Single-Drum Winch4ASME B30.7-2011Chapter 7-1Construction and InstallationS
39、ECTION 7-1.1: RATINGS AND MARKINGS7-1.1.1 BasisWinch ratings are dependent upon such factors asapplied power, layers of rope wound on the drum, ropediameter and minimum breaking force, drum size, andstructural competence of the various winch componentsand mounting methods.7-1.1.2 Winch RatingsWinch
40、ratings shall be the manufacturers recom-mended total line pull in pounds (kilograms) at a speci-fied rate of speed on a given size drum and prescribednumber of layers of rope.7-1.1.3 MarkingsWinches shall be marked with the following identifi-cations for each drum:(a) winch rating(b) drum size cons
41、isting of barrel diameter, barrellength, and flange diameter(c) rope diameter(s)(d) rope speed in feet per minute (meters per second)at rated load on specified layer(e) power requirement7-1.1.4 Rope Layer RatingsThe manufacturer shall provide line pull ratings foreach rope layer and a specified rope
42、 diameter.SECTION 7-1.2: CONSTRUCTION7-1.2.1 GeneralWinches shall be designed and constructed to meetthe stresses imposed on their frames and componentsunder all anticipated operating conditions when prop-erly installed and when handling loads not exceedingthe manufacturers ratings. Welding shall co
43、nform torecommended practices of ANSI/AWS D14.3.7-1.2.2 Winch Mechanisms(a) Winches shall be provided with the power, cool-ing, and operational characteristics to perform all winchfunctions.(b) The rope shall be anchored to the drum in a man-ner approved by the winch manufacturer. The anchorageshall
44、 hold the rated line pull with no less than two fullwraps on the drum.5(c) Drum flanges shall extend a minimum of one-halfrope diameter, but not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm) abovethe top layer of rope during operation.(d) Diameter of the drum shall provide first layer ropepitch diameter of not less tha
45、n 15 times the nominaldiameter of the rope. Winch lines of material other thanwire rope may require a different D/d ratio, based onthe recommendation of the winch line manufacturer ora qualified person.(e) Winches that hold loads while the winch is unat-tended shall be equipped with a mechanical hol
46、dingdevice, other than a brake, capable of holding therated load.7-1.2.3 Brakes(a) Each winch shall be equipped with at least onebrake capable of holding not less than 125% of the ratedload at the point where the brake is applied.(b) Remote-operated winches shall be equipped witha self-setting brake
47、.(c) Foot-operated brakes, if provided, should be con-structed so that the operators foot, when in position,will not slip off the pedal.(d) Winches designed to allow simultaneousunderwind and overwind shall have a brake capable ofholding 125% of the rated load in those directions.(e) A means shall b
48、e provided for controlling thedrum speed when moving the load.(f) Braking systems shall have provision for adjust-ments where necessary to compensate for wear.7-1.2.4 Guards(a) Exposed moving parts, such as gears, projectingset screws, projecting keys, chains, chain sprockets, andreciprocating or ro
49、tating parts, that might constitute ahazard under normal operating conditions shall beguarded.(b) Guards shall be capable of supporting, withoutpermanent distortion, the weight of a 200 lb (90 kg)person unless the guard is located where it is unlikelythat a person will step on it.7-1.2.5 Ropes(a) Ropes shall be of a size, minimum breaking force,and construction to withstand the loads imposed.(b) Ropes of other materials shall be used only withthe winch and rope manufacturers or qualified personsrecommendation.ASME B30.7-2011(c) Ropes shall be of a length to allow for the ent
