1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B30.8-2010(Revision of ASME B30.8-2004)Floating Cranes and Floating DerricksSafety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKASME B30.8-2010(Revision of ASME B30.8-2004)Floating Cranesand FloatingDerricksSafety
2、 Standard for Cableways, Cranes,Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks, and SlingsAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDDate of Issuance: March 15, 2010The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2015. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addend
3、a issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages athttp:/www.cstools.asme.org as they are issued, and will also be published within the next
4、editionof the Standard.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to a
5、ssure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia,regulatory agencies, and the public-at-l
6、arge.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with anyitems mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utiliz
7、ing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expresslyadvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, isentirely their own responsib
8、ility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted asgovernment or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedAS
9、ME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Par
10、k Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2010 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster . vIntroduction . viiSummary of Changes xChapter 8-0 Scope, Definitions, and References 1Section 8-0.1 Scope of B30.8 1Section 8-0.2 D
11、efinitions 1Section 8-0.3 References 5Chapter 8-1 Construction and Installation 6Section 8-1.1 Load Ratings and Markings . 6Section 8-1.2 Construction and Loading Conditions . 6Section 8-1.3 General Requirements for Pontoons and Barges 7Section 8-1.4 General Requirements for Cranes and Derricks 8Sec
12、tion 8-1.5 Vertical Clearance . 8Section 8-1.6 Boom Hoist (Luffing Hoist) and Load Hoist Mechanisms . 8Section 8-1.7 Swing Mechanism 9Section 8-1.8 Controls 10Section 8-1.9 Ropes and Reeving Accessories 10Section 8-1.10 Cabs 12Section 8-1.11 General Requirements for Booms 12Chapter 8-2 Inspection, T
13、esting, and Maintenance 14Section 8-2.1 Inspection: General . 14Section 8-2.2 Testing . 15Section 8-2.3 Maintenance 16Section 8-2.4 Rope Inspection, Replacement, and Maintenance . 17Chapter 8-3 Operation 19Section 8-3.1 Qualifications for and Conduct of Operators . 19Section 8-3.2 Operating Practice
14、s . 20Section 8-3.3 Signals . 22Section 8-3.4 Miscellaneous . 22Figures8-0.1-1 Floating Crane 28-0.1-2 Barge-Mounted Shearleg 28-0.1-3 Barge-Mounted Land Crane . 28-0.1-4 Floating Stiffleg Derrick . 38-0.1-5 Floating A-Frame Derrick . 38-0.2-1 Reach for Floating Cranes . 48-1.9.3-1 Dead Ending Rope
15、in a Socket 118-2.4.1-1 Core Failure in 19 H11547 7 Rotation-Resistant Rope 178-3.3.2-1 Standard Hand Signals for Controlling Crane and DerrickOperations . 248-3.4.3-1 Danger Zone for Cranes, Derricks, and Lifted Loads Operating NearElectrical Transmission Lines 27Table8-3.4.3-1 Required Clearance f
16、or Normal Voltage in Operation Near High VoltagePower Lines and Operation in Transit With No Load and Boom orMast Lowered 28iiiFOREWORDThis American National Standard, Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings, has been developed under the procedures accredited
17、 by the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) (formerly the United States of America Standards Institute).This Standard had its beginning in December 1916 when an eight-page Code of Safety Standardsfor Cranes, prepared by an ASME Committee on the Protection of Industrial Workers, waspresented
18、to the annual meeting of ASME.Meetings and discussions regarding safety on cranes, derricks, and hoists were held from 1920to 1925, involving the ASME Safety Code Correlating Committee, the Association of Iron andSteel Electrical Engineers, the American Museum of Safety, the American Engineering Sta
19、ndardsCommittee (later changed to American Standards Association and subsequently to the USAStandards Institute), Department of Labor State of New Jersey, Department of Labor andIndustry State of Pennsylvania, and the Locomotive Crane Manufacturers Association. OnJune 11, 1925, the American Engineer
20、ing Standards Committee approved the ASME Safety CodeCorrelating Committees recommendation and authorized the project, with the U.S. Departmentof the Navy, Bureau of Yards and Docks, and ASME as sponsors.In March 1926, invitations were issued to 50 organizations to appoint representatives to aSectio
21、nal Committee. The call for organization of this Sectional Committee was sent out October 2,1926, and the committee organized November 4, 1926, with 57 members representing 29 nationalorganizations. The Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists, ASA B30.2-1943, was createdfrom the eight-page docu
22、ment referred to in the first paragraph. This document was reaffirmedin 1952 and widely accepted as a safety standard.Due to changes in design, advancement in techniques, and general interest of labor and industryin safety, the Sectional Committee, under the joint sponsorship of ASME and the Naval F
23、acilitiesEngineering Command, U.S. Department of the Navy, was reorganized as an American NationalStandards Committee on January 31, 1962, with 39 members representing 27 nationalorganizations.The format of the previous code was changed so that separate Volumes (each complete as toconstruction and i
24、nstallation; inspection, testing, and maintenance; and operation) would coverthe different types of equipment included in the scope of B30.In 1982, the Committee was reorganized as an Accredited Organization Committee, operatingunder procedures developed by ASME and accredited by ANSI.This Standard
25、presents a coordinated set of rules that may serve as a guide to governmentand other regulatory bodies and municipal authorities responsible for the guarding and inspectionof the equipment falling within its scope. The suggestions leading to accident prevention aregiven both as mandatory and advisor
26、y provisions; compliance with both types may be requiredby employers of their employees.In case of practical difficulties, new developments, or unnecessary hardship, the administrativeor regulatory authority may grant variances from the literal requirements or permit the use ofother devices or metho
27、ds, but only when it is clearly evident that an equivalent degree ofprotection is thereby secured. To secure uniform application and interpretation of this Standard,administrative or regulatory authorities are urged to consult the B30 Committee, in accordancewith the format described in Section IX o
28、f the B30 Standard Introduction, before renderingdecisions on disputed points.Safety codes and standards are intended to enhance public safety. Revisions result from commit-tee consideration of factors such as technological advances, new data, and changing environmentaland industry needs. Revisions
29、do not imply that previous editions were inadequate.This Volume of the Standard incorporates minor changes that were approved by theB30 Committee and by ASME, and was approved by ANSI and designated as an AmericanNational Standard on January 22, 2010.ivASME B30 COMMITTEESafety Standard for Cableways
30、, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,Hooks, Jacks, and Slings(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSP. S. Zorich, ChairR. M. Parnell, Vice ChairK. M. Hyam, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELN. E. Andrew, Northrop Grumman Ship Sys
31、temsW. T. Hargrove, Alternate, QinetiQ North AmericaR. E. Bluff IV, Gantry Constructors, Inc.P. A. Boeckman, The Crosby GroupR. J. Bolen, ConsultantG. B. Hetherston, Alternate, E. I. DuPontA. D. Brown, A. D. Brown, Inc.M. E. Brunet, The Manitowoc Co.T. A. Christensen, Alliance of American Insurers/L
32、iberty MutualInsuranceM. W. Mills, Alternate, Liberty Mutual GroupB. D. Closson, Craft Forensic Services, Inc.T. L. Blanton, Alternate, NACB Group, Inc.J. P. Colletti, John P. Colletti this has the effectof counteracting torque by reducing the tendency of thefinished rope to rotate.shall: indicates
33、that the rule is mandatory and must befollowed.should: indicates that the rule is a recommendation, theadvisability of which depends on the facts in eachsituation.side loading: lateral load on boom and crane due to list,trim, wind, or other sources.sill, derrick: a horizontal member connecting the f
34、ootblock and stiff leg or a horizontal member connectingthe lower ends of a double member mast.4soft patch: gasketed metal plate bolted over a deck orbulkhead opening.stability (barge): the tendency of a vessel to return toan upright position after having been inclined by anexternal force.standby: a
35、 crane or derrick that is not in regular service,but one that is used occasionally or intermittently asrequired.standing rope (pendant): a supporting rope that maintainsa constant distance between the two components con-nected by the rope.structural competence: the ability of the machine and itscomp
36、onents to withstand the stresses imposed byapplied loads.superstructure: the rotating upper frame structure of thecrane and the operating machinery mounted thereon.swing: rotation of the superstructure or derrick boomfor movement of loads in a horizontal direction aboutthe axis of rotation.swing mec
37、hanism: the machinery involved in providingrotation of the superstructure or derrick boom.tackle: an assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged forlifting, lowering, and pulling.ton (short): 2,000 lb (907.2 kg).ASME B30.8-2010towing pad: a large pad eye to which mooring lines aresecured.trim: angle of i
38、nclination about transverse axis of thebarge or pontoon.trim, crane: the inclination of the longitudinal center lineof the base of the crane from the horizontal.vangs(vanglines): tackle attached to each side of a derrickboom near the outer end, and to the base or pontoonat a lateral distance, by mea
39、ns of which the boom isrotated (slewed) from one side to the other (usually usedon floating derricks).whipline (runner or auxiliary line): a separate hoist ropesystem usually of a lighter load capacity than providedby the main hoist.windlass: a deck machine, usually power operated, usedfor heaving i
40、n or paying out anchor chain.SECTION 8-0.3: REFERENCESThe following is a list of publications referenced inthis Standard.ANSI A12.1-1973, Safety Requirements for Floor andWall Openings, Railings, and Toe BoardsANSI A14.3-1984, Ladders Fixed SafetyRequirementsANSI Z26.1-1983, Safety Code for Safety G
41、lazingMaterials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating onLand HighwaysPublisher: American National Standards Institute(ANSI), 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036(www.ansi.org)ANSI/AWS D1.1-86, Structural Welding Code Steel5ANSI/AWS D14.3-82, Specification for WeldingEarthmoving and Construction Eq
42、uipmentPublisher: American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NWLeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 (www.aws.org)ANSI/SAE J185-JUN81, Access Systems for Off-RoadMachinesANSI/SAE J987-1994, Lattice Boom Cranes Methodof TestANSI/SAE J1063-1993, Cantilevered Boom CranesStructures Method of TestPublisher: Society of
43、Automotive Engineers (SAEInternational), 400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale, PA 15096 (www.sae.org)ASME B30.5-1989, Mobile and Locomotive CranesASME B30.6-1990, DerricksASME B30.7-1989, Base-Mounted Drum HoistsASME B30.10-1993, HooksPublisher: The American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME), Three
44、 Park Avenue, New York,NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O.Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007 (www.asme.org)ICS 3-1978, National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation Industrial Control StandardPublisher: National Electrical ManufacturersAssociation (NEMA), 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn,VA
45、 22209 (www.nema.org)IEEE 45-1977, Recommended Practice for ElectricalInstallations on ShipboardPublisher: Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE), 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854(www.ieee.org)(10)(10)ASME B30.8-2010Chapter 8-1Construction and InstallationSECTION 8-1.1: LOAD RATI
46、NGS AND MARKINGS8-1.1.1 Basis(a) Cranes and Derricks Designed for Barge or PontoonMounting. The load rating of cranes or derricksdesigned for barge or pontoon mounting is dependentupon structural competence, rope strength, hoist capac-ity, and structural attachment to the floating platform,and upon
47、stability and freeboard of the floating plat-form, barge, or pontoon upon which they are mounted.Potential reductions in the cranes capacity due tomachine list or machine trim shall be made when theseconditions are present.(b) Land Cranes and Derricks Mounted on Barges orPontoons. The load rating of
48、 land cranes and derricksmounted on barges is dependent upon stability, struc-tural competence, rope strength, and hoist capacity ofthe crane or derrick, and upon stability and freeboardof the floating platform, barge, or pontoon upon whichthey are mounted. Potential reductions in the cranescapacity
49、 due to machine list or machine trim shall bemade when these conditions are present.8-1.1.2 Rated Loads(a) Rated loads shall be the maximum working loadsat various radii as determined by the crane or derrickmanufacturer or qualified person considering machinelist and machine trim for each installation.(b) When deck loads are to be carried while lifting,the overall lift operation should be specifically analyzedwith regard to their effect on the stability of the floatingplatform, barge, or pontoons, and requirements for tie-downs and anchorages.(c) The rated loads and load ra
