1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31.12-2008Hydrogen Pipingand PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME B31.12-2008Hydrogen Pipingand Pipeli
2、nesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: March 31, 2009The next edition of this Code is scheduled for pub
3、lication in 2011. There will be no addenda issuedto this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code.The interpretations will be included with the next edition.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Eng
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9、rt of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2009 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAl
10、l rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword ixCommittee Personnel xPART GR GENERAL REQUIREMENTSChapter GR-1 Scope and DefinitionsGR-1.1 Scope
11、 1GR-1.2 Responsibilities . 1GR-1.3 Intent of the Code 2GR-1.4 Packaged Equipment Requirements . 2GR-1.5 Terms and Definitions 2GR-1.6 B31.12 Appendices 11GR-1.7 Nomenclature 11Chapter GR-2 MaterialsGR-2.1 General Requirements 12GR-2.2 Joining and Auxiliary Materials . 26Chapter GR-3 Welding, Brazin
12、g, Heat Treating, Forming, and TestingGR-3.1 General 27GR-3.2 Welding and Brazing . 27GR-3.3 Welding and Brazing Materials 30GR-3.4 Construction of Weldments . 30GR-3.5 Preheating for Weldments . 43GR-3.6 Heat Treatment . 43GR-3.7 Specific and Alternative Heat Treat Requirements 46GR-3.8 Constructio
13、n of Brazements . 46GR-3.9 Forming of Pipe Components . 48GR-3.10 Testing . 49Chapter GR-4 Inspection, Examination, and TestingGR-4.1 General 50GR-4.2 Inspection 50GR-4.3 Examination 50GR-4.4 Personnel Qualification and Certification 51GR-4.5 Extent of Required Examination and Testing . 52GR-4.6 Acc
14、eptance Criteria . 52GR-4.7 Supplementary Examination 52GR-4.8 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty 52GR-4.9 Defective Components and Workmanship . 52GR-4.10 Testing . 52GR-4.11 Records 52GR-4.12 NDE Definitions 52Chapter GR-5 Operation and MaintenanceGR-5.1 General 53GR-5.2 Operation Maintenance Pla
15、n 53GR-5.3 Maintenance Requirements 55GR-5.4 Leakage Surveys 57GR-5.5 Repair Procedures 57GR-5.6 Injurious Dents and Mechanical Damage 57GR-5.7 Permanent Repair of Welds With Defects 59GR-5.8 Permanent Field Repair of Leaks and Nonleaking Corroded Areas . 59iiiCopyright ASME International Provided b
16、y IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GR-5.9 Permanent Field Repair of Hydrogen Stress Cracking in Hard Spotsand Stress Corrosion Cracking 59GR-5.10 Testing and Examination of Repairs . 59GR-5.11 Valve Maintenance . 59GR-5.12
17、 Transmission Pipeline Maintenance 60GR-5.13 Abandoning of Transmission Facilities . 61GR-5.14 Decommissioning of Transmission Facilities . 61GR-5.15 Recommissioning of Transmission Facilities 61GR-5.16 Repositioning a Pipeline in Service 61GR-5.17 Testing for Integrity Assessment of In-Service Pipe
18、lines 62GR-5.18 Distribution Pipeline Maintenance 63GR-5.19 Leakage Surveys 63GR-5.20 Leakage Investigation and Action . 63GR-5.21 Repair, Testing, and Examination of Mains Operating at HoopStress Levels at or Above 30% of the Specified Minimum YieldStrength 64GR-5.22 Requirements for Abandoning, Di
19、sconnecting, and ReinstatingDistribution Facilities . 64GR-5.23 Maintenance of Specific Facilities 65Chapter GR-6 Quality System Program for Hydrogen Piping and Pipeline SystemsGR-6.1 Quality System Program 67GR-6.2 Quality Manual . 67FiguresGR-2.1.2(b)A Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing f
20、or Carbon SteelMaterials . 19GR-2.1.2(b)B Reduction in Minimum Design Metal Temperature Without ImpactTesting . 21GR-3.4.3(a) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt With ExtendedLand . 32GR-3.4.3(b) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Square Butt Weld 32GR-3.4.3(c) Unequal Pipe Component Thi
21、cknesses, Thicker Components Bored forAlignment . 32GR-3.4.3(d) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root . 32GR-3.4.3(e) Unequal Pipe Component Thicknesses, Thicker Components Taper-Bored to Align . 33GR-3.4.3(f) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, Continuous
22、 FlatBacking Ring . 33GR-3.4.3(g) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ContinuousTapered Backing Ring 33GR-3.4.3(h) Geometry of Weld Joint Detail Single Vee Groove Butt, ConsumableInsert 34GR-3.4.3(i) Preparation and Alignment of Pipe Branch to Pipe HeaderConnection . 34GR-3.4.4(a)
23、Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root . 35GR-3.4.4(b) Geometry of Weld Deposit Root Single Vee Groove Butt WithExtended Land (Without Filler Metal) . 35GR-3.4.4(c) Geometry of Weld Deposit Square Butt End (Without Filler Metal) . 35GR-3.4.5 Welding End Transition Maximum Envelop
24、e . 36GR-3.4.6(a) Geometry of Weld Deposit Single Vee Groove Butt, Open Root WithConcavity 38GR-3.4.7(a) Fillet Weld Size . 38GR-3.4.7(b) Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On Flanges 39GR-3.4.7(c) Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components toPipe Including Fit-Up Detail 39GR-3.4.9
25、(a)(d) Typical Welded Branch Connections . 40GR-3.4.9(e) Acceptable Details for Pipe Branch Attachment Welds . 41ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GR-3.4.9(f) Acceptable Detail for
26、 Branch Connection of Pipe Fitting . 42GR-3.4.9(g) Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100%Radiography . 42GR-3.8.1 Joints for Tubular Components 47TablesGR-2.1.1(a) Material Specification Index for Piping and Pipe Components 13GR-2.1.1(b) Material Specification Index for Pipelines
27、 16GR-2.1.2(b)(2) Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals 18GR-2.1.2(b)A Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testingfor Carbon Steel Materials 20GR-2.1.3(a) Impact Testing Requirements for Metals . 22GR-2.1.3(d) Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction . 23GR-2
28、.1.3(e) Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values . 24GR-3.4.6 Weld Reinforcement 37GR-3.5 Preheat Temperatures . 44GR-3.6.1 Requirements for Postweld Heat Treatment of Weldments 44PART IP INDUSTRIAL PIPINGChapter IP-1 Scope and ResponsibilitiesIP-1.1 Scope 70IP-1.2 Responsibilities . 70IP-1.3 I
29、ntent 70IP-1.4 Determining Code Requirements 70Chapter IP-2 Design Conditions and CriteriaIP-2.1 Design Conditions 71IP-2.2 Design Criteria . 72Chapter IP-3 Pressure Design of Piping ComponentsIP-3.1 General 79IP-3.2 Straight Pipe . 79IP-3.3 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe 80IP-3.4 Branch Connec
30、tions 81IP-3.5 Closures 87IP-3.6 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks 87IP-3.7 Reducers . 88IP-3.8 Pressure Design of Other Components 88Chapter IP-4 Service Requirements for Piping ComponentsIP-4.1 Valves and Specialty Components . 90IP-4.2 Other Considerations . 90IP-4.3 Bolting and Tapped Holes
31、for Components 90Chapter IP-5 Service Requirements for Piping JointsIP-5.1 Scope 91IP-5.2 Welded Joints . 91IP-5.3 Flanged Joints 91IP-5.4 Expanded Joints 92IP-5.5 Threaded Joints . 92IP-5.6 Caulked Joints 93IP-5.7 Brazed and Soldered Joints . 93IP-5.8 Special Joints . 94Chapter IP-6 Flexibility and
32、 SupportIP-6.1 Flexibility of Piping . 95IP-6.2 Piping Supports 100Chapter IP-7 Specific Piping SystemsIP-7.1 Instrument Piping 103IP-7.2 Pressure-Relieving Systems . 103vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
33、t license from IHS-,-,-Chapter IP-8 Dimensions and Ratings of ComponentsIP-8.1 Dimensional Requirements 104IP-8.2 Ratings of Components . 104IP-8.3 Reference Documents . 104Chapter IP-9 Fabrication, Erection, and AssemblyIP-9.1 General 106IP-9.2 Responsibility 106IP-9.3 Content and Coverage 106IP-9.
34、4 Packaged Equipment Piping 106IP-9.5 Exclusions 106IP-9.6 Fabrication and Erection 106IP-9.7 Construction of Weldments . 106IP-9.8 Preheating for Weldments . 106IP-9.9 Heat Treatment . 107IP-9.10 Specific and Alternative Heat Treatment Requirements . 107IP-9.11 Construction of Brazements . 107IP-9.
35、12 Bending and Forming of Pipe and Tube . 107IP-9.13 Assembly and Erection . 107IP-9.14 Threaded Joints . 108IP-9.15 Tubing Joints . 108IP-9.16 Expanded Joints and Special Joints 108IP-9.17 Pipe Attachments and Supports . 108IP-9.18 Cleaning of Piping 108IP-9.19 Inspection, Examination, and Testing
36、108IP-9.20 Leak Testing of Piping Systems . 109IP-9.21 Records for Leak Testing 109Chapter IP-10 Inspection, Examination, and TestingIP-10.1 Scope 110IP-10.2 Responsibility 110IP-10.3 Inspections by Owner 110IP-10.4 Examinations by the Construction Organization . 110IP-10.5 Examination Requirements
37、110IP-10.6 Testing . 117IP-10.7 Hydrostatic Leak Test . 118IP-10.8 Pneumatic Leak Test 118IP-10.9 HydrostaticPneumatic Leak Test . 119IP-10.10 Sensitive Leak Test . 119IP-10.11 Alternative Leak Test . 119IP-10.12 Mechanical and Metallurgical Testing . 119IP-10.13 Records of Testing 119FiguresIP-3.3.
38、1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends . 80IP-3.3.3 Nomenclature for Miter Bends 80IP-3.4.2 Branch Connection Nomenclature . 83IP-3.4.3 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature 85IP-3.6.3 Blanks 89IP-6.1.5(d)(1) Moments in Bends 98IP-6.1.5(d)(2) Moments in Branch Connections 99IP-9.14(c) Typical Threaded Joints U
39、sing Straight Threads 109TablesIP-2.2.8(c)-1 Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ec75IP-2.2.8(c)-2 Acceptance Levels for Castings . 75IP-2.2.9 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej. 76IP-3.2 Values of Coefficient Y for t D/6 79IP-3.5 ASME BPV Code Section VIII, Division 1 References for Closures
40、 87viCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IP-8.1 Component Standards 105IP-10.5(a) Required Nondestructive Examination for High, Medium, and LowPressure Pipe Design and Acceptance Crite
41、ria for Weldments andEvaluation of Weld Imperfections . 111IP-10.5(b) Acceptance Criterion/Value for Table IP-10.5(a) 113IP-10.5.6 Required Ultrasonic or Eddy Current Examination of Pipe andTubing for Longitudinal Defects 116IP-10.5.7 Hardness Testing After PWHT 116PART PL PIPELINESChapter PL-1 Scop
42、e and ExclusionsPL-1.1 Scope 120PL-1.2 Content and Coverage 120PL-1.3 Exclusions 120Chapter PL-2 Pipeline Systems Components and Fabrication DetailsPL-2.1 Purpose 121PL-2.2 Piping System Components . 121PL-2.3 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections 123PL-2.4 Multiple Openings and Extruded Ou
43、tlets 124PL-2.5 Expansion and Flexibility . 125PL-2.6 Design for Longitudinal Stress 126PL-2.7 Supports and Anchorage for Exposed Piping 128PL-2.8 Anchorage for Buried Piping 129Chapter PL-3 Design, Installation, and TestingPL-3.1 Provisions for Design . 130PL-3.2 Buildings Intended for Human Occupa
44、ncy 130PL-3.3 Considerations Necessary for Concentrations of People in LocationClass 1 or 2 131PL-3.4 Intent 131PL-3.5 Risk Assessment 131PL-3.6 Location Class and Changes in Number of Buildings Intended forHuman Occupancy . 132PL-3.7 Steel Pipeline . 134PL-3.8 Hot Taps . 141PL-3.9 Precautions to Pr
45、event Combustion of HydrogenAir Mixtures DuringConstruction Operations 141PL-3.10 Testing After Construction 141PL-3.11 Commissioning of Facilities . 142PL-3.12 Pipe-Type and Bottle-Type Holders 143PL-3.13 Control and Limiting of Hydrogen Gas Pressure . 143PL-3.14 Uprating . 146PL-3.15 Valves 147PL-
46、3.16 Vault Provisions for Design, Construction, and Installation of PipelineComponents . 147PL-3.17 Location for Customers Meter and Regulator Installations . 148PL-3.18 Hydrogen Gas Service Lines 148PL-3.19 Inspection and Examination . 149PL-3.20 Repair or Removal of Defective Welds in Piping Inten
47、ded to Operate atHoop Stress Levels of 20% or More of the Specified Minimum YieldStrength 152PL-3.21 Steel Pipeline Service Conversions 152TablesPL-2.3.2 Reinforcement of Fabricated Branch Connections, SpecialRequirements 125PL-2.5.2 Thermal Expansion of Carbon and Low Alloy Steel 126viiCopyright AS
48、ME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PL-2.5.5 Modulus of Elasticity for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel . 126PL-3.6.1 Location Class 132PL-3.7.1 Nominal Chemical Composition Within a Specification/Grade
49、 . 136PL-3.7.1(b)(6)-1 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option A) 136PL-3.7.1(b)(6)-2 Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option A) 137PL-3.7.1(b)(6)-3 Basic Design Factor, F (Used With Option B) 137PL-3.7.1(b)(6)-4 Design Factors for Steel Pipe Construction (Used With Option B) 138PL-3.7.1(b)(8) Temperature Derating Factor, T, for Steel P
