1、Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and SlurriesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME B31.4-2016(Revision of ASME B31.4-2012)ASME B31.4-2016(Revision of ASME B31.4-2012)PipelineTransportationSystems for Liquidsand SlurriesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31AN AME
2、RICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: March 31, 2016The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2019. This Code will become effective6 months after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of t
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11、rieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2016 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword viCommittee Roster .
12、ixIntroduction . xiSummary of Changes xiiiChapter I Scope and Definitions . 1400 General Statements 1Figures400.1.1-1 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 Excluding Carbon DioxidePipeline Systems 3400.1.1-2 Diagram Showing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Carbon Dioxide PipelineSystems . 4400.1.1-3 Diagram Sh
13、owing Scope of ASME B31.4 for Slurry Pipeline Systems 5Chapter II Design 11401 Loads . 11402 Calculation of Stresses . 13403 Criteria for Pipelines . 18404 Criteria for Fittings, Assemblies, and Other Components (Alternatively,Criteria for Components) 24Figures404.3.3.1-1 Reinforced Extruded Outlets
14、 . 27404.3.4-1 Welding Details for Openings With Complete Encirclement Types ofReinforcement . 29404.3.4-2 Welding Details for Openings With Localized-Type Reinforcement . 30404.3.4-3 Welding Details for Openings Without Reinforcement Other Than Thatin Header and Branch Walls . 31404.3.5-1 Reinforce
15、ment of Branch Connections 32Tables402.1-1 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i . 14403.2.1-1 Weld Joint Factors Applicable to Common Pipe Specifications . 19403.3.1-1 Allowable Values for Pipeline System Stresses 20404.3.4-1 Design Criteria for Welded Branch Connections . 31C
16、hapter III Materials . 37423 Materials General Requirements . 37425 Materials Applied to Miscellaneous Parts . 38Table423.1-1 Material Standards . 39Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements . 41426 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard PipingComponents . 41Table426.1-1 Dimensional Standar
17、ds . 42iiiChapter V Construction, Welding, and Assembly. 43434 Construction . 43435 Assembly of Piping Components . 56Figures434.8.6-1 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Equal Wall Thicknesses 48434.8.6-2 Acceptable Butt Welded Joint Design for Unequal Wall Thicknesses . 49434.8.6-3 Recommended
18、 Attachment Details of Flanges . 51Table434.6-1 Minimum Cover for Buried Pipelines . 45Chapter VI Inspection and Testing. 58436 Inspection . 58437 Testing 59Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance Procedures. 62450 Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Liquidand Slurry Transport
19、ation Piping Systems 62451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 63452 Pump Station, Terminal, and Storage Facilities Operation andMaintenance . 72453 Corrosion Control 73454 Emergency Plan . 73455 Records 74456 Qualifying a Piping System for a Higher Operating Pressure 74457 Abandoning a Piping Syst
20、em . 75Figures451.6.2.2-1 Type I Interaction 65451.6.2.2-2 Type II Interaction . 65Tables451.6.2.9-1 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods (Nonindented, Nonwrinkled, andNonbuckled Pipe) . 68451.6.2.9-2 Acceptable Pipeline Repair Methods for Dents, Buckles, Ripples,Wrinkles, Leaking Couplings, and Defec
21、tive Prior Repairs 70Chapter VIII Corrosion Control 76460 General 76461 External Corrosion Control for Buried or Submerged Pipelines 76462 Internal Corrosion Control . 79463 External Corrosion Control for Pipelines Exposed to Atmosphere 80464 Pipelines in Arctic Environments . 81465 Pipelines in Hig
22、h-Temperature Service 81466 External Corrosion Control for Thermally Insulated Pipelines . 82467 Stress Corrosion and Other Phenomena . 83468 Records 83Chapter IX Offshore Liquid Pipeline Systems 84A400 General Statements 84A401 Design Conditions . 85A402 Calculation of Stresses . 87A403 Criteria fo
23、r Pipelines . 91A404 Criteria for Fittings, Assemblies, and Other Components (Alternatively,Criteria for Components) 91A405 Pipe . 92A406 Other Design Considerations . 92A421 Design of Pipe-Supporting Elements 93A423 Materials General Requirements . 93A434 Construction . 93ivA436 Inspection . 94A437
24、 Testing 95A450 Operation and Maintenance Procedures Affecting the Safety of Liquidand Slurry Transportation Piping Systems 95A451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 95A452 Pump Station, Terminal, and Storage Facilities Operation andMaintenance . 96A454 Emergency Plan . 97A460 General 97A461 Exter
25、nal Corrosion Control for Offshore Submerged Pipelines . 97A463 External Corrosion Control for Pipelines Exposed to Atmosphere 97TableA402.3.5-1 Design Factors for Offshore Pipeline Systems . 88Chapter X Carbon Dioxide Pipeline Systems. 99B400 General Statements 99B423 Materials General Requirements
26、 . 99B434 Construction . 99B437 Testing 99B451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 99B454 Emergency Plan . 100Chapter XI Slurry Pipeline Systems . 101C400 General Statements 101C401 Loads . 101C403 Criteria for Pipelines . 101C404 Criteria for Fittings, Assemblies, and Other Components (Alternative
27、ly,Criteria for Components) 102C423 Materials General Requirements . 102C426 Dimensional Requirements for Standard and Nonstandard PipingComponents . 102C434 Construction . 102C437 Testing 104C451 Pipeline Operation and Maintenance . 104C454 Emergency Plan . 104C457 Abandoning a Piping System . 104C
28、460 General 104C461 External Corrosion Control for Buried or Submerged Pipelines 104C468 Records 104TablesC423.1-1 Material Standards . 103C423.1-2 Material Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems FromTable 423.1-1 103C426.1-2 Dimensional Standards Not Applicable for Slurry Piping Systems
29、 FromTable 426.1-1 103Mandatory AppendixI Referenced Standards 105Nonmandatory AppendicesA Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the B31 Pressure Piping Committee 108B Publications That Do Not Appear in the Code or MandatoryAppendix I but May Be of Informational Benefit 110Index 111vFOREWORDThe need f
30、or a national code for pressure piping became increasingly evident from 1915 to1925. To meet this need, the American Engineering Standards Committee (later changed to theAmerican Standards Association ASA) initiated Project B31 in March 1926 at the request of TheAmerican Society of Mechanical Engine
31、ers (ASME), and with that society as sole sponsor. Afterseveral years work by Sectional Committee B31 and its subcommittees, a first edition waspublished in 1935 as an American Tentative Standard Code for Pressure Piping.A revision of the original tentative standard was begun in 1937. Several more y
32、ears effort wasgiven to securing uniformity between sections and to eliminating divergent requirements anddiscrepancies, as well as to keeping the code abreast of current developments in welding technique,stress computations, and references to new dimensional and material standards. During thisperio
33、d, a new section was added on refrigeration piping, prepared in cooperation with TheAmerican Society of Refrigeration Engineers (ASRE) and complementing the American StandardCode for Mechanical Refrigeration. This work culminated in the 1942 American Standard Codefor Pressure Piping.Supplements 1 an
34、d 2 of the 1942 code, which appeared in 1944 and 1947, respectively, introducednew dimensional and material standards, a new formula for pipe wall thickness, and morecomprehensive requirements for instrument and control piping. Shortly after the 1942 code wasissued, procedures were established for h
35、andling inquiries that require explanation or interpreta-tion of code requirements, and for publishing such inquiries and answers in MechanicalEngineeringfor the information of all concerned.Continuing increases in the severity of service conditions, with concurrent developments ofnew materials and
36、designs equal to meeting these higher requirements, had pointed to the needby 1948 for more extensive changes in the code than could be provided by supplements alone.The decision was reached by ASA and the sponsor to reorganize the Sectional Committee andits several subcommittees, and to invite the
37、various interested bodies to reaffirm their representa-tives or to designate new ones. Following its reorganization, Sectional Committee B31 made anintensive review of the 1942 code, and a revised code was approved and published in February 1951with the designation ASA B31.1-1951, which included(a)
38、a general revision and extension of requirements to agree with practices current at the time(b) revision of references to existing dimensional standards and material specifications, andthe addition of references to new ones(c) clarification of ambiguous or conflicting requirementsSupplement No. 1 to
39、 B31.1 was approved and published in 1953 as ASA B31.1a-1953. ThisSupplement and other approved revisions were included in a new edition of B31.1 published in1955 with the designation ASA B31.1-1955.A review by B31 Executive and Sectional Committees in 1955 resulted in a decision to developand publi
40、sh industry sections as separate code documents of the American Standard B31 Codefor Pressure Piping. ASA B31.4-1959 was the first separate code document for Oil TransportationPiping Systems and superseded that part of Section 3 of the B31.1-1955 code covering oiltransportation piping systems. In 19
41、66, B31.4 was revised to expand coverage on welding, inspec-tion, and testing, and to add new chapters covering construction requirements and operationand maintenance procedures affecting the safety of the piping systems. This revision was publishedwith the designation USAS B31.4-1966, Liquid Petrol
42、eum Transportation Piping Systems, sinceASA was reconstituted as the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1966.USASI changed its name, effective October 6, 1969, to the American National Standards Institute,Inc. (ANSI), and USAS B31.4-1966 was redesignated as ANSI B31.4-1966. The
43、B31 SectionalCommittee was redesignated as American National Standards Committee B31 Code for PressurePiping, and, because of the wide field involved, more than 40 different engineering societies,vigovernment bureaus, trade associations, institutes, and the like had one or more representativeson Sta
44、ndards Committee B31, plus a few Individual Members to represent general interests.Code activities were subdivided according to the scope of the several sections, and generaldirection of Code activities rested with Standards Committee B31 officers and an ExecutiveCommittee whose membership consisted
45、 principally of Standards Committee officers andchairmen of the Section and Technical Specialists Committees.The ANSI B31.4-1966 Code was revised and published in 1971 with the designationANSI B31.4-1971.The ANSI B31.4-1971 Code was revised and published in 1974 with the designationANSI B31.4-1974.I
46、n December 1978, American National Standards Committee B31 was converted to anASME Committee with procedures accredited by ANSI. The 1979 revision was approved by ASMEand subsequently by ANSI on November 1, 1979, with the designation ANSI/ASME B31.4-1979.Following publication of the 1979 Edition, th
47、e B31.4 Section Committee began work onexpanding the scope of the Code to cover requirements for the transportation of liquid alcohols.References to existing dimensional standards and material specifications were revised, and newreferences were added. Other clarifying and editorial revisions were ma
48、de in order to improvethe text. These revisions led to the publication of two addenda to B31.4. Addenda b to B31.4was approved and published in 1981 as ANSI/ASME B31.4b-1981. Addenda c to B31.4 wasapproved and published in 1986 as ANSI/ASME B31.4c-1986.The 1986 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of t
49、he two previously published addenda into the1979 Edition.Following publication of the 1986 Edition, clarifying and editorial revisions were made toimprove the text. Additionally, references to existing standards and material specifications wererevised, and new references were added. These revisions led to the publication of an addendato B31.4 that was approved and published in 1987 as ASME/ANSI B31.4a-1987.The 1989 Edition of B31.4 was an inclusion of the previously published addenda into the 1986Edition.Following publication of the 1989 Edition, clarifying revi
