1、Managing System Integrity of Gas PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Supplement to ASME B31.8AN INTERNATIONAL PIPING CODEASME B31.8S-2014(Revision of ASME B31.8S-2012)ASME B31.8S-2014(Revision of ASME B31.8S-2012)ManagingSystem Integrityof Gas PipelinesASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31Supple
2、ment to ASME B31.8AN INTERNATIONAL PIPING CODETwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: September 30, 2014The next edition of this Code is scheduled for publication in 2016.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code.Interpretat
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10、nt of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an e
11、lectronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommitt
12、ee Roster . viSummary of Changes x1 Introduction 12 Integrity Management Program Overview . 23 Consequences 84 Gathering, Reviewing, and Integrating Data. 95 Risk Assessment 126 Integrity Assessment 187 Responses to Integrity Assessments and Mitigation (Repair and Prevention) 228 Integrity Managemen
13、t Plan 279 Performance Plan . 2910 Communications Plan . 3411 Management of Change Plan 3412 Quality Control Plan. 3513 Terms, Definitions, and Acronyms 3614 References and Standards . 42Figures2.1-1 Integrity Management Program Elements . 32.1-2 Integrity Management Plan Process Flow Diagram 43.2.4
14、-1 Potential Impact Area 97.2.1-1 Timing for Scheduled Responses: Time-Dependent Threats, PrescriptiveIntegrity Management Plan 2513-1 Hierarchy of Terminology for Integrity Assessment . 37Tables4.2.1-1 Data Elements for Prescriptive Pipeline Integrity Program 104.3-1 Typical Data Sources for Pipeli
15、ne Integrity Program 115.6.1-1 Integrity Assessment Intervals: Time-Dependent Threats, Internal andExternal Corrosion, Prescriptive Integrity Management Plan 157.1-1 Acceptable Threat Prevention and Repair Methods . 238.3.4-1 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline Segment(Seg
16、ment Data: Line 1, Segment 3) . 298.3.4-2 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline Segment(Integrity Assessment Plan: Line 1, Segment 3) . 308.3.4-3 Example of Integrity Management Plan for Hypothetical Pipeline Segment(Mitigation Plan: Line 1, Segment 3) . 309.2.3-1 Performanc
17、e Measures . 319.4-1 Performance Metrics . 329.4-2 Overall Performance Measures . 33iiiNonmandatory AppendicesA Threat Process Charts and Prescriptive Integrity Management Plans . 45B Direct Assessment Process . 65C Preparation of Technical Inquiries 66ivFOREWORDPipeline system operators continuousl
18、y work to improve the safety of their systems and opera-tions. In the United States, both liquid and gas pipeline operators have been working with theirregulators for several years to develop a more systematic approach to pipeline safety integritymanagement.The gas pipeline industry needed to addres
19、s many technical concerns before an integritymanagement standard could be written. A number of initiatives were undertaken by the industryto answer these questions; as a result of 2 yr of intensive work by a number of technical expertsin their fields, 20 reports were issued that provided the respons
20、es required to complete the2001 edition of this Code. (The list of these reports is included in the reference section of thisCode.)This Code is nonmandatory, and is designed to supplement B31.8, ASME Code for PressurePiping, Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems. Not all operators or coun
21、tries willdecide to implement this Code. This Code becomes mandatory if and when pipeline regulatorsinclude it as a requirement in their regulations.This Code is a process code that describes the process an operator may use to develop anintegrity management program. It also provides two approaches f
22、or developing an integritymanagement program: a prescriptive approach and a performance- or risk-based approach. Pipe-line operators in a number of countries are currently utilizing risk-based or risk-managementprinciples to improve the safety of their systems. Some of the international standards is
23、sued onthis subject were utilized as resources for writing this Code. Particular recognition is given toAPI and their liquids integrity management standard, API 1160, which was used as a model forthe format of this Code.The intent of this Code is to provide a systematic, comprehensive, and integrate
24、d approach tomanaging the safety and integrity of pipeline systems. The task force that developed this Codehopes that it has achieved that intent.The 2004 Supplement was approved by the B31 Standards Committee and by the ASME Boardon Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. It was approved as an Ame
25、rican National Standardon March 17, 2004.The 2010 Supplement was approved by the B31 Standards Committee and by the ASME Boardon Pressure Technology Codes and Standards. It was approved as an American National Standardon April 20, 2010.The 2012 Edition of the Supplement was a compilation of the 2010
26、 Edition and the revisionsthat occurred following the issuance of the 2010 Edition.The 2014 Edition of the Supplement is a compilation of the 2012 Edition and the revisionsthat have occurred since the issuance of the 2012 Edition. This Edition was approved by ANSIon August 15, 2014.vASME B31 COMMITT
27、EECode for Pressure Piping(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSJ. E. Meyer, ChairJ. W. Frey, Vice ChairN. Lobo, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELR. J. Appleby, ExxonMobil Development Co.C. Becht IV, Becht Engineering Co.
28、A. E. Beyer, Fluor Enterprises, Inc.K. C. Bodenhamer, Willbros Professional Services, EngineeringR. Bojarczuk, ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co.C. J. Campbell, Air LiquideJ. S. Chin, TransCanada Pipelines U.S.D. D. Christian, VictaulicR. P. Deubler, Fronek Power Systems, LLCC. H. Eskridge, Jr.
29、, Jacobs EngineeringD. J. Fetzner, BP Exploration (Alaska), Inc.P. D. Flenner, Flenner Engineering ServicesJ. W. Frey, Stress Engineering Services, Inc.D. R. Frikken, Becht Engineering Co.R. A. Grichuk, Fluor Enterprises, Inc.R. W. Haupt, Pressure Piping Engineering Associates, Inc.B. P. Holbrook, B
30、abcock Power, Inc.B31.8 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEA. P. Maslowski, Secretary, The American Society of MechanicalEngineersD. D. Anderson, Columbia Pipeline GroupR. J. Appleby, ExxonMobil Development Co.K. B. Kaplan, KBRK. G. Leewis, Dynamic Risk Assessment Systems, Inc.viG. A. Jolly, Flowserve/Gestra USAN.
31、Lobo, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersW. J. Mauro, American Electric PowerJ. E. Meyer, Louis Perry and Associates, Inc.T. Monday, Team Industries, Inc.M. L. Nayyar, NICEG. R. Petru, Enterprise Products Co.E. H. Rinaca, Dominion Resources, Inc.M. J. Rosenfeld, Kiefner/Applus RTDR. J. Silv
32、ia, Process Engineers and Constructors, Inc.W. J. Sperko, Sperko Engineering Services, Inc.J. Swezy, Jr., Boiler Code Tech, LLCF. W. Tatar, FM GlobalK. A. Vilminot, Black editorial changes, revisions, and corrections; as wellas the following changes identified by a margin note, (14).Page Location Ch
33、ange1 1.1 Second paragraph, last sentence revised8, 9 3.2 RevisedFig. 3.2.4-1 Fig. 3.2-1 revised and redesignated asFig. 3.2.4-121 6.4.2 Third paragraph, last sentence revised32 Table 9.4-1 Table 9.4(b)-1 redesignated as Table 9.4-133 Table 9.4-2 Table 9.4(c)-1 redesignated as Table 9.4-236, 40 13 D
34、efinition of pipeline revised4244 14 Updatedx(14)ASME B31.8S-2014MANAGING SYSTEM INTEGRITY OF GAS PIPELINES1 INTRODUCTION1.1 ScopeThis Code applies to onshore pipeline systems con-structed with ferrous materials and that transport gas.The principles and processes embodied in integrity man-agement ar
35、e applicable to all pipeline systems.This Code is specifically designed to provide the oper-ator (as defined in section 13) with the information nec-essary to develop and implement an effective integritymanagement program utilizing proven industry prac-tices and processes. The processes and approach
36、esdescribed within this Code are applicable to the entirepipeline.1.2 Purpose and ObjectivesManaging the integrity of a gas pipeline system isthe primary goal of every pipeline system operator.Operators want to continue providing safe and reliabledelivery of natural gas to their customers withoutadv
37、erse effects on employees, the public, customers, orthe environment. Incident-free operation has been andcontinues to be the gas pipeline industrys goal. The useof this Code as a supplement to the ASME B31.8 Codewill allow pipeline operators to move closer to that goal.A comprehensive, systematic, a
38、nd integrated integritymanagement program provides the means to improvethe safety of pipeline systems. Such an integrity manage-ment program provides the information for an operatorto effectively allocate resources for appropriate preven-tion, detection, and mitigation activities that will resultin
39、improved safety and a reduction in the number ofincidents.This Code describes a process that an operator of apipeline system can use to assess and mitigate risks inorder to reduce both the likelihood and consequencesof incidents. It covers both a prescriptive-based and aperformance-based integrity m
40、anagement program.The prescriptive process, when followed explicitly,will provide all the inspection, prevention, detection,and mitigation activities necessary to produce a satisfac-tory integrity management program. This does not pre-clude conformance with the requirements ofASME B31.8. The perform
41、ance-based integrity manage-ment program alternative utilizes more data and moreextensive risk analyses, which enables the operator toachieve a greater degree of flexibility in order to meetor exceed the requirements of this Code specifically in1the areas of inspection intervals, tools used, and mit
42、iga-tion techniques employed. An operator cannot proceedwith the performance-based integrity program untiladequate inspections are performed that provide theinformation on the pipeline condition required by theprescriptive-based program. The level of assurance of aperformance-based program or an alt
43、ernative interna-tional standard must meet or exceed that of a prescrip-tive program.The requirements for prescriptive-based andperformance-based integrity management programs areprovided in each of the sections in this Code. In addition,Nonmandatory Appendix A provides specific activities,by threat
44、 categories, that an operator shall follow inorder to produce a satisfactory prescriptive integritymanagement program.This Code is intended for use by individuals andteams charged with planning, implementing, andimproving a pipeline integrity management program.Typically, a team will include manager
45、s, engineers,operating personnel, technicians, and/or specialistswith specific expertise in prevention, detection, andmitigation activities.1.3 Integrity Management PrinciplesA set of principles is the basis for the intent and spe-cific details of this Code. They are enumerated here sothat the user
46、of this Code can understand the breadthand depth to which integrity shall be an integral andcontinuing part of the safe operation of a pipelinesystem.Functional requirements for integrity managementshall be engineered into new pipeline systems from ini-tial planning, design, material selection, and
47、construc-tion. Integrity management of a pipeline starts withsound design, material selection, and construction ofthe pipeline. Guidance for these activities is primarilyprovided in ASME B31.8. There are also a number ofconsensus standards that may be used, as well as pipe-line jurisdictional safety
48、 regulations. If a new line is tobecome a part of an integrity management program, thefunctional requirements for the line, including preven-tion, detection, and mitigation activities, shall be consid-ered in order to meet this Code. Complete records ofmaterial, design, and construction for the pipe
49、line areessential for the initiation of a good integrity manage-ment program.ASME B31.8S-2014System integrity requires commitment by alloperating personnel using comprehensive, systematic,and integrated processes to safely operate and maintainpipeline systems. In order to have an effective integritymanagement program, the program shall address theoperators organization, processes, and the physicalsystem.An integrity management program is continuouslyevolving and must be flexible. An integrity managementprogram should be customized to meet each operatorsunique conditions. The pr
