1、Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME BTH-12008(Revision of ASME BTH-12005)Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12008(Revision of ASME BTH-1
2、2005)Design ofBelow-the-HookLifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Date of Issuance: January 9, 2009The next edition of this Standard is schedu
3、led for publication in 2011. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance. There will be no addenda issued to this edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web s
4、ite under the Committee Pages athttp:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee t
5、hat approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was madeavailable for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry
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9、ocument issued in accordance with the establishedASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.Th
10、e American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2009 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permit
11、ted without license from IHS-,-,-CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viCorrespondence With the BTH Committee . viiSummary of Changes viiiChapter 1 Scope and Definitions . 11-1 Purpose . 11-2 Scope . 11-3 New and Existing Devices . 11-4 General Requirements . 11-5 Definitions 31-6 Symbols . 51-7 Ref
12、erences . 8Chapter 2 Lifter Classifications. 122-1 General . 122-2 Design Category . 122-3 Service Class 13Chapter 3 Structural Design . 143-1 General . 143-2 Member Design . 163-3 Connection Design 223-4 Fatigue Design 283-5 Other Design Considerations . 39Chapter 4 Mechanical Design 404-1 General
13、. 404-2 Sheaves . 404-3 Wire Rope . 414-4 Drive Systems . 424-5 Gearing . 434-6 Bearings . 434-7 Shafting . 454-8 Fasteners 474-9 Grip Ratio . 474-10 Vacuum Lifting Device Design . 47Chapter 5 Electrical Components . 495-1 General . 495-2 Electric Motors and Brakes . 495-3 Limit Switches, Sensors, a
14、nd Push Buttons . 505-4 Controllers and Rectifiers for Lifting Device Motors 505-5 Grounding 515-6 Power Disconnects . 515-7 Batteries . 52iiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Figure
15、sC3-1 Selected Examples of Table 3-1 Requirements . 22C3-2 Block Shear 24C3-3 Pin-Connected Plate Notation 25C3-4 Stiffened Plate Lifting Beam 264-1 Sheave Dimensions 414-2 Sheave Gap 41Tables2-1 Service Class 13C2-1 Service Class Life 13C3-1 Design Category A Static Load Spectrum . 15C3-2 Design Ca
16、tegory A Dynamic Load Spectrum . 15C3-3 Design Category B Static Load Spectrum . 15C3-4 Design Category B Dynamic Load Spectrum 153-1 Limiting Width-Thickness Ratios for Compression Elements 183-2 Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Penetration Groove Welds . 273-3 Minimum Sizes of Fillet
17、Welds . 283-4 Allowable Stress Ranges, ksi (MPa) . 293-5 Fatigue Design Parameters . 304-1 Strength Factors for Calculating Load Capacity (American Standard ToothForms) 444-2 L10Life 444-3a Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (ASME B17.1) 454-3b Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (DIN 6885-1) . 454-4 Fatigue
18、 Stress Amplification Factors 46ivCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORDThere have been many formal requests for interpretation of the limited structural design criteriastated wi
19、thin ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. As a consequence,industry has for quite some time expressed a need for a comprehensive design standard forbelow-the hook lifting devices that would complement the safety requirements of ASME B30.20.All editions of ASME B30.20 inclu
20、ded structural design criteria oriented toward the industrialmanufacturing community requiring a minimum design factor of three, based on the yield strengthof the material; recent editions also included design criteria for the fatigue failure mode. However,members of the construction community expre
21、ssed the need for design criteria more suitable totheir operating conditions, including a lower design factor, and the necessity to address otherfailure modes such as fracture, shear and buckling, and design topics, such as impact and fasteners.A Design Task Group was created in 1997 to begin work o
22、n a design standard as a companiondocument to ASME B30.20. The ASME BTH Standards Committee on the Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices was formed out of the Design Task Group and held its organizationalmeeting on December 5, 1999.ASME BTH-12005, Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, contain
23、ed five chapters: Scopeand Definitions, Lifter Classifications, Structural Design, Mechanical Design, and ElectricalComponents. This Standard, intended for general industry and construction, sets forth twodesign categories for lifters based on the magnitude and variation of loading; and operatingand
24、 environmental conditions. The two design categories provide different design factors fordetermining allowable static stress limits. Five Service Classes, based on load cycles, are provided.The Service Class establishes allowable stress range values for lifter structural members anddesign parameters
25、 for mechanical components. ASME BTH-12005 was approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute on October 18, 2005.A nonmandatory Commentary, which immediately follows applicable paragraphs, is includedto provide background for the Standards provisions. Users are encouraged to consult it.This e
26、dition of ASME BTH-1 incorporates editorial revisions and two new mechanical designsections for grip ratio and vacuum-lifting device design. ASME BTH-12008 was approved bythe American National Standards Institute on September 17, 2008.vCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with
27、ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH STANDARDS COMMITTEEDesign of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. Duerr, ChairC. D. Meads,
28、Vice ChairD. R. Sharp, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELG. A. Bond, Woods Powr-Grip Co., Inc.P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.W. B. Coon, Jr., ConsultantR. A. Dahlin, Walker Magnetics GroupJ. W. Downs, Jr., Honorary Member, Downs Crane and Hoist Co.D. Duerr, 2DM Associates, Inc.J. D. Edmundson, Morris
29、 Material HandlingK. M. Jankowski, Walker Magnetics GroupA. Kanevsky, Acco Chain however, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change th
30、e intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does n
31、ot“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The BTH Standards Committee regularly holds meetings,which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretaryof the BTH Standards
32、 Committee.viiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12008SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee and ASME, and after public review,ASME BTH-1200
33、8 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on September17, 2008.ASME BTH-12008 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a marginnote, (08).Page Location Change5 1-5.3 Revised in its entirety6, 7 Commentary to 1-6 Reference to AISE updated to AIST1-6.1 a,
34、Cr, Dp, and H9278 added8 1-6.2 Revised911 Commentary to 1-7 Revised19 3-2.3.2 Second paragraph revised24, 25 3-3.3.1 RevisedFig. C3-3 Revised26 3-3.3.5 First paragraph deleted and Commentaryrevised40 Commentary to 4-1.1 Reference to AISE updated to AIST47, 48 4-9 Added4-10 Added49 Commentary to 5-2.
35、5 Reference to AISE updated to AIST50 5-3.2 Revised5-3.3 Revised5-3.5 Revised5-3.7 Revised51 5-4.3 Last sentence revised5-4.4 Title and last sentence revised52 5-7.1 Title revisedviiiCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
36、itted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12008DESIGN OF BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING DEVICESChapter 1Scope and Definitions1-1 PURPOSEThis Standard sets forth design criteria forASME B30.20 below-the-hook lifting devices. ThisStandard serves as a guide to designers, manufacturers,purchasers, and users o
37、f below-the-hook lifting devices.Commentary: This Standard has been developedin response to the need to provide clarification of theintent of ASME B30.20 with respect to the structuraldesign of below-the-hook lifting devices. Since the origi-nal publication of ASME B30.20 in 1986, users haverequeste
38、d interpretations of the construction (structuraldesign) requirements stated therein. The level of detailrequired to provide adequate answers to the questionssubmitted extends beyond that which can be coveredby interpretations of a B30 safety standard.1-2 SCOPEThis Standard provides minimum structur
39、al andmechanical design and electrical component selectioncriteria for ASME B30.20 below-the-hook lifting devices.The provisions in this Standard apply to the designor modification of below-the-hook lifting devices. Com-pliance with requirements and criteria that may beunique to specialized industri
40、es and environments isoutside of the scope of this Standard.Lifting devices designed to this Standard shall complywith ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.ASME B30.20 includes provisions that apply to themarking, construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of b
41、elow-the-hook liftingdevices.Commentary: ASME BTH-1 addresses only designrequirements. As such, this Standard should be used inconjunction with ASME B30.20, which addresses safetyrequirements. ASME BTH-1 does not replaceASME B30.20. The design criteria set forth are minimumrequirements that may be i
42、ncreased at the discretion ofthe lifting device manufacturer or a qualified person.11-3 NEW AND EXISTING DEVICESThe effective date of this Standard shall be one yearafter its date of issuance. Lifting devices manufacturedafter the effective date shall conform to the requirementsof this Standard.When
43、 a lifter is being modified, its design shall bereviewed relative to this Standard, and the need to meetthis Standard shall be evaluated by the manufacturer ora qualified person.Commentary: It is not the intent of this Standard torequire retrofitting of existing lifting devices.1-4 GENERAL REQUIREME
44、NTS1-4.1 Design ResponsibilityLifting devices shall be designed by, or under thedirect supervision of, a qualified person.Commentary: Although always implied, this provi-sion now explicitly states that the design of below-the-hook lifting devices is the responsibility of a qualifiedperson. This requ
45、irement has been established in recog-nition of the impact that the performance of a liftingdevice has on workplace safety, the complexity of thedesign process, and the level of knowledge and trainingrequired to competently design lifting devices.1-4.2 Units of MeasureA dual unit format is used. Val
46、ues are given in U.S.Customary units as the primary units followed by theInternational System of Units (SI) in parentheses as thesecondary units. The values stated in U.S. Customaryunits are to be regarded as the standard. The SI unitsin the text have been directly (softly) converted fromU.S. Custom
47、ary units.Commentary: The requirements of this Standardare presented wherever possible in a manner that isdimensionally independent, thus allowing application ofthese requirements using either U.S. Customary unitsCopyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Not for ResaleNo r
48、eproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ASME BTH-12008(USCU) or International System of Units (SI). U.S.Customary units are the primary units used in thisStandard.1-4.3 Design CriteriaAll below-the-hook lifting devices shall be designedfor specified rated loads, load geometr
49、y, DesignCategory (see section 2-2), and Service Class (seesection 2-3). Resolution of loads into forces and stressvalues affecting structural members, mechanical compo-nents, and connections shall be performed by anaccepted analysis method.Commentary: The original ASME B30.20 structuraldesign requirements defined a lif
