1、Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting DevicesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME BTH-12014(Revision of ASME BTH-12011)ErratatoASME BTH-12014Design of Below-the-HookLifting DevicesOn page 13, in the nomenclature for eq. (3-17), the second definition for CLTBhas been correctedby errata to replace the square
2、root sign in the numerator with parentheses. The correct equationis shown below.CLTBp2.00(EIx/GJ)(Lb/bf)2+ 0.275 1.00THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990January 2015J0175EASME BTH-12014(Revision of ASME BTH-12011)Design ofBelow-the-HookLifting DevicesA
3、N AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue New York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: October 29, 2014The next edition of this Standard is scheduled for publication in 2017. This Standard will becomeeffective 1 year after the Date of Issuance.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpr
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7、r standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed c
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12、t may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2014 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPri
13、nted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword vCommittee Roster . viCorrespondence With the BTH Committee . viiSummary of Changes viiiChapter 1 Scope, Definitions, and References . 11-1 Purpose . 11-2 Scope . 11-3 New and Existing Devices . 11-4 General Requirements . 11-5 Definitions 21-6 Symbols . 41-7 Reference
14、s . 7Chapter 2 Lifter Classifications. 92-1 General . 92-2 Design Category . 92-3 Service Class 9Chapter 3 Structural Design . 103-1 General . 103-2 Member Design . 103-3 Connection Design 153-4 Fatigue Design 183-5 Other Design Considerations . 32Chapter 4 Mechanical Design 334-1 General . 334-2 Sh
15、eaves . 334-3 Wire Rope . 344-4 Drive Systems . 344-5 Gearing . 344-6 Bearings . 364-7 Shafting . 374-8 Fasteners 384-9 Grip Support Force 394-10 Vacuum Lifting Device Design . 394-11 Fluid Power Systems 404-12 Lifting Magnets . 40Chapter 5 Electrical Components . 415-1 General . 415-2 Electric Moto
16、rs and Brakes . 415-3 Operator Interface . 415-4 Controllers and Auxiliary Equipment . 425-5 Grounding 435-6 Power Disconnects . 435-7 Batteries . 43iiiFigures4-2.6-1 Sheave Dimensions 334-2.7-1 Sheave Gap 334-9.2-1 Illustration of Holding and Support Forces . 39Tables2-3-1 Service Class 93-2.2-1 Li
17、miting WidthThickness Ratios for Compression Elements 113-3.4.2-1 Minimum Effective Throat Thickness of Partial-Penetration Groove Welds . 173-3.4.3-1 Minimum Sizes of Fillet Welds . 183-4.3-1 Allowable Stress Ranges, ksi (MPa) . 193-4.4-1 Fatigue Design Parameters . 204-5.3-1 Strength Factors for C
18、alculating Load Capacity (American Standard ToothForms) 354-6.2-1 L10Life 364-7.5-1 Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (ASME B17.1) 384-7.5-2 Key Size Versus Shaft Diameter (DIN 6885-1) . 384-7.6.1-1 Fatigue Stress Amplification Factors 38Nonmandatory AppendicesA Commentary for Chapter 1: Scope, Definit
19、ions, and References 45B Commentary for Chapter 2: Lifter Classifications . 49C Commentary for Chapter 3: Structural Design 51D Commentary for Chapter 4: Mechanical Design . 60E Commentary for Chapter 5: Electrical Components . 63ivFOREWORDThere have been many formal requests for interpretation of t
20、he limited structural design criteriastated within ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, a safety standard. As a consequence,industry has for quite some time expressed a need for a comprehensive design standard forbelow-the-hook lifting devices that would complement the safety requirements of
21、 ASME B30.20.All editions of ASME B30.20 have included structural design criteria oriented toward the industrialmanufacturing community requiring a minimum design factor of three, based on the yield strengthof the material; recent editions have also included design criteria for the fatigue failure m
22、ode.However, members of the construction community expressed the need for design criteria moresuitable to their operating conditions, including a lower design factor, and the necessity to addressother failure modes such as fracture, shear and buckling, and design topics such as impact andfasteners.A
23、 Design Task Group was created in 1997 to begin work on a design standard as a companiondocument to ASME B30.20. The ASME BTH Standards Committee on the Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices was formed out of the Design Task Group and held its organizationalmeeting on December 5, 1999.ASME BTH-12
24、005, Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, contained five chapters: Scopeand Definitions, Lifter Classifications, Structural Design, Mechanical Design, and ElectricalComponents. This Standard, intended for general industry and construction, sets forth twodesign categories for lifters based on th
25、e magnitude and variation of loading, and operatingand environmental conditions. The two design categories provide different design factors fordetermining allowable static stress limits. Five Service Classes based on load cycles are provided.The Service Class establishes allowable stress range value
26、s for lifter structural members anddesign parameters for mechanical components. ASME BTH-12005 was approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute on October 18, 2005.ASME BTH-12008 incorporated editorial revisions and two new mechanical design sectionsfor grip ratio and vacuum-lifting device d
27、esign. ASME BTH-12008 was approved by the AmericanNational Standards Institute on September 17, 2008.ASME BTH-12011 incorporated revisions throughout the Standard and the addition of a newmechanical design section for fluid power systems. ASME BTH-12011 was approved by theAmerican National Standards
28、 Institute on September 23, 2011.This revision of ASME BTH-1 includes a section on lifting magnets that has been incorporatedinto Chapter 4. Other technical revisions include new requirements for fluid pressure control andelectrical system guarding. Along with these technical changes, the nonmandato
29、ry Commentaryfor each chapter was moved to its own respective Nonmandatory Appendix. ASME BTH-12014was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 24, 2014.vASME BTH STANDARDS COMMITTEEDesign of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time
30、 of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSD. R. Verenski, ChairD. Duerr, Vice ChairM. R. Gerson, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELS. Barton, Doc MagnetG. A. Bond, Woods Powr-Grip Co., Inc.P. W. Boyd, The Boeing Co.D. Duerr, 2DM Associates, Inc.J. D. Edmundson, Konecranes/P howe
31、ver, they shouldnot contain proprietary names or information.Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any i
32、nterpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary devi
33、ce, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The BTH Standards Committee regularly holds meetings and/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meetingand/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the BTH Standards Committee.Future Committee m
34、eeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page athttp:/cstools.asme.org/.viiASME BTH-12014SUMMARY OF CHANGESFollowing approval by the ASME BTH Standards Committee and ASME, and after public review,ASME BTH-12014 was approved by the American National Standards Institute on June 24, 201
35、4.ASME BTH-12014 includes editorial changes, revisions, and corrections identified by a marginnote, (14).Page Location Change1 1-2 Second sentence of last paragraph revised2, 3 1-4.6 Revised1-5.1 Definitions of cycle, load; design factor;fatigue; lifting attachment; limit state;qualified person; str
36、ess, maximum; andstress, minimum revised1-5.2 Definitions of brittle fracture revised andunbraced length deleted1-5.3 Definitions of grip ratio and gripping forcedeleted47 1-6.1 Nomenclature for Fu, Lb, M1, M2, N, Nd,and Neqrevised, and Ixadded1-6.2 Nomenclature for FHrevised, GRminandH9262SFdeleted
37、, and Fsadded1-7 ANSI/NFPA 70 updated10 3-1.3 3-1.3.1 and 3-1.3.2 designations added3-1.4 Revised12, 13 3-2.3.1 Title revised3-2.3.2 Revised3-2.3.3 Revised3-2.3.4 Revised16 3-3.3.4 Revised17 3-3.4.1 Revised18 3-4.2 Revised1932 Table 3-4.3-1 Last row added3-4.6 FTHand N revisedTable 3-4.4-1 Revised i
38、n its entirety39 4-9 Revised in its entiretyFigure 4-9.2-1 Added40 4-11.5 AddedviiiPage Location Change4-11.6 Previous para. 4-11.5 redesignated as4-11.64-12 Added42, 43 5-3.8 Revised5-4 Title revised5-4.6 Revised5-4.10 Added5-6.2 Revised5-6.3 Revised4548 Nonmandatory Appendix A Added49, 50 Nonmanda
39、tory Appendix B Added5159 Nonmandatory Appendix C Added6062 Nonmandatory Appendix D Added63, 64 Nonmandatory Appendix E AddedixINTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKx(14)ASME BTH-12014DESIGN OF BELOW-THE-HOOK LIFTING DEVICESChapter 1Scope, Definitions, and References1-1 PURPOSEThis Standard sets forth design crit
40、eria forASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices. ThisStandard serves as a guide to designers, manufacturers,purchasers, and users of below-the-hook lifting devices.1-2 SCOPEThis Standard provides minimum structural andmechanical design and electrical component selectioncriteria for ASME B30.20,
41、Below-the-Hook LiftingDevices.The provisions in this Standard apply to the designor modification of below-the-hook lifting devices. Com-pliance with requirements and criteria that may beunique to specialized industries and environments isoutside the scope of this Standard.Lifting devices designed to
42、 this Standard shall complywith ASME B30.20, Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices.ASME B30.20 includes provisions that apply to themarking, construction, installation, inspection, testing,maintenance, and operation of below-the-hook liftingdevices.The provisions defined in this Standard address themost co
43、mmon and broadly applicable aspects of thedesign of below-the-hook lifting devices. A qualifiedperson shall determine the appropriate methods to beused to address design issues that are not explicitlycovered in the standard so as to provide design factorsand/or performance consistent with the intent
44、 of thisStandard.1-3 NEW AND EXISTING DEVICESThe effective date of this Standard shall be one yearafter its date of issuance. Lifting devices manufacturedafter the effective date shall conform to the requirementsof this Standard.When a lifter is being modified, its design shall bereviewed relative t
45、o this Standard, and the need to meetthis Standard shall be evaluated by the manufacturer ora qualified person.11-4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS1-4.1 Design ResponsibilityLifting devices shall be designed by, or under thedirect supervision of, a qualified person.1-4.2 Units of MeasureA dual unit format is u
46、sed. Values are given in U.S.Customary units as the primary units followed by theInternational System of Units (SI) in parentheses as thesecondary units. The values stated in U.S. Customaryunits are to be regarded as the standard. The SI unitsin the text have been directly (softly) converted fromU.S
47、. Customary units.1-4.3 Design CriteriaAll below-the-hook lifting devices shall be designedfor specified rated loads, load geometry, DesignCategory (see section 2-2), and Service Class (seesection 2-3). Resolution of loads into forces and stressvalues affecting structural members, mechanical compo-n
48、ents, and connections shall be performed by anaccepted analysis method.1-4.4 Analysis MethodsThe allowable stresses and stress ranges defined inthis Standard are based on the assumption of analysisby classical strength of material methods (models),although other analysis methods may be used. The ana
49、l-ysis techniques and models used by the qualified personshall accurately represent the loads, material properties,and device geometry; stress values resulting from theanalysis shall be of suitable form to permit correlationwith the allowable stresses defined in this Standard.1-4.5 MaterialThe design provisions of this Standard are based onthe use of carbon, high strength low-alloy, or heat treatedconstructional alloy steel for structural members andmany mechanical components. Other materials may beused, provided the margins of safety and fatigue life areequa
