1、ASME PTB-7-2014Criteria for Shell-and-TubeHeat ExchangersAccording to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII-Division 1 PTB-7-2014 CRITERIA FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS ACCORDING TO PART UHX OF ASME SECTION VIII DIVISION 1Prepared by: Francis Osweiller OSWECONSULT Date of Issuance: June 16, 2014 This d
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9、 or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 978-0-7918-6945-1 Copyright 2014 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All Rights Reserved Printed in the U.S.A. PTB-7-2014:
10、Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers According to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . x Abbreviations and Acronyms xi PART 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1 SCOPE 2 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . 3 3 TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS COVERED 5 4 TYPES OF TS CONFIGURATIONS 7 5 LOADI
11、NG CASES 9 6 STRUCTURE OF PART UHX 10 7 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT 11 8 NOTATIONS . 12 ReferencesPart 1 . 13 PART 2 TUBESHEET CHARACTERISTICS . 14 1 SCOPE (UHX-11.1) . 15 2 NOTATIONS . 16 3 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS (UHX-11.2) 17 4 LIGAMENT EFFICIENCIES (UHX-11.5.1) 18 4.1 Introduction 18 4.2 Historical Bac
12、kground . 19 4.3 LE in Part UHX (UHX-11.5.1) 20 5 EFFECTIVE ELASTIC CONSTANTS (UHX-11.5.2) . 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Historical Background . 25 5.3 The Square Pattern Problem 26 5.4 Synthesis of Results . 27 5.5 Determination of EEC for the Full Range of * (0.1*1.0) 27 5.6 Determination of EECs f
13、or UHX Rules (UHX-11.5.2) . 28 5.7 Conclusion . 28 ReferencesPart 2 . 32 PART 3 ANALYICAL TREATMENT OF FIXED TUBESHEET HEAT EXCHANGERS . 33 1 SCOPE (UHX-13.1) . 34 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . 35 3 GENERAL . 36 3.1 TS Configurations (UHX-13.1) . 36 3.2 Notations (UHX-13.3) . 37 3.3 Loading Cases (UHX-1
14、3.4) . 40 3.4 Design Assumptions (UHX-13.2) 41 3.5 Basis of Analytical Treatment . 42 3.5.1 General 42 3.5.2 Free Body Diagram . 43 4 AXIAL DISPLACEMENTS AND FORCES ACTING ON THE TUBES AND ON THE SHELL . 45 4.1 Axial Displacement and Force Acting on the Tubes (Figure 18) 45 4.2 Axial Displacement an
15、d Force Acting on the Shell . 46 5 DEFLECTION AND LOADS ACTING ON THE TUBESHEET 48 PTB-7-2014: Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers According to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1 iv 5.1 Equivalent Plate Resting on an Elastic Foundation . 48 5.2 Determination of Integration Constants A
16、and B 51 5.3 Deflection . 53 5.4 Net Effective Pressure . 53 5.5 Rotation . 53 5.6 Shear Force 54 5.7 Bending Moment . 55 5.8 Conclusion . 55 6 TREATMENT OF THE UNPERFORATED RIM 56 6.1 Edge Loads Applied on Shell and Channel at their Connection to the TS 56 6.2 Equilibrium of the Unperforated Rim 58
17、 6.3 Edge Loads Va and Ma Applied to the Tubesheet 61 7 EQUIVALENT PRESSURE ACTING ON TUBESHEET . 64 7.1 Definition . 64 7.2 Determination of Pe . 65 8 STRESSES IN THE HEAT-EXCHANGER COMPONENTS . 68 8.1 TS Net Effective Pressure 68 8.2 TS Axial Displacement 68 8.3 TS Rotation 69 8.4 Stresses in the
18、Tubesheet . 69 8.5 Axial Membrane Stress in Tubes . 72 8.6 Stresses in the Shell . 74 8.7 Stresses in the Channel 76 9 DETERMINATION OF THE ALLOWABLE STRESS LIMITS. 78 9.1 General Considerations 78 9.2 Allowable Stress Limit in the Tubesheet . 79 9.3 Allowable Stress Limit in the Tubes 79 9.4 Allowa
19、ble Membrane Stress Limit in the Shell . 79 9.5 Allowable Membrane + Bending Stress Limit in the Shell . 79 9.6 Allowable Membrane + Bending Stress Limit in the Channel 79 9.7 Conclusions 80 10 ADDITIONAL RULES . 81 10.1 Effect of Different Shell Thickness and Material Adjacent to the TS (UHX-13.6)
20、. 81 10.2 Effect of Plasticity at Tubesheet-Shell-Channel Joint (UHX-13.7) . 82 10.3 Effect of Radial Thermal Expansion Adjacent to the Tubesheet (UHX-13.8) . 84 10.4 Calculation Procedure for Simply Supported Tubesheets (UHX-13.9) . 87 10.5 Tubesheet Effective Bolt Load (UHX-8) . 87 10.6 Tubesheet
21、Flange Extension (UHX-9) . 88 10.7 HE Set-up with a Thin-Walled Expansion Joint (UHX-13.16) 90 10.8 HE Set-up with a Thick-Walled Expansion Joint (UHX-13.17) 90 11 HOW TO USE THE RULES . 92 PTB-7-2014: Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers According to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1
22、v 12 CHECKING OF THE RESULTS 93 12.1 Comparison with FEA 93 12.2 Comparison with CODAP French Rules 95 12.3 Comparison with TEMA Rules 99 12.4 Comparison with Circular Plates Subject to Pressure 105 12.5 Conclusions 108 ReferencesPart 3 . 109 PART 4 FLOATING TUBESHEETS 110 1 SCOPE 111 2 HISTORICAL B
23、ACKGROUND . 112 3 GENERAL . 113 3.1 TS Configurations (UHX-14.1) . 113 3.2 Notations 114 3.3 Loading Cases (UHX-14.4) . 117 3.4 Design Assumptions (UHX-14.2) 118 3.5 Basis of Analytical Treatment . 119 3.5.1 General 119 3.5.2 Free Body Diagram for ST TS 120 3.5.3 Free Body Diagram for FL TS 121 4 AX
24、IAL DISPLACEMENTS AND FORCES ACTING ON THE TUBES AND ON THE SHELL . 123 4.1 Axial Displacement and Force Acting on the Tubes (Figure 42) 123 4.2 Axial Displacement and Force Acting on the Shell (Figure 43) 124 5 DEFLECTION AND LOADS ACTING ON THE TUBESHEET 125 5.1 Equivalent Plate Resting on an Elas
25、tic Foundation (Figure 44) 125 5.2 Determination of Integration Constants A and B . 126 6 TREATMENT OF THE UNPERFORATED RIM 127 6.1 Edge Loads Applied on Shell and Channel at their Connection to the TS 127 6.2 Equilibrium of the Unperforated Rim 127 6.2.1 Due to Axial Loads . 127 6.2.2 Due to Applie
26、d Moments 133 6.2.3 Edge Loads Va and Ma Applied to the Tubesheet 133 7 EQUIVALENT PRESSURE ACTING ON THE TUBESHEET 134 8 STRESSES IN THE HEAT-EXCHANGER COMPONENTS . 135 9 DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE STRESS LIMITS . 136 10 ADDITIONAL RULES . 137 11 HOW TO USE THE RULES . 138 11.1 Stationary TS 138 11
27、.2 Floating TS . 138 11.3 Calculation Procedure 138 11.4 Calculation Using a Fixed TS HE Software . 139 ReferencesPart 4 . 140 PART 5 ANALYTICAL TREATMENT OF U-TUBE TUBESHEET HEAT EXCHANGERS 141 1 SCOPE 142 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . 143 PTB-7-2014: Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Accordi
28、ng to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1 vi 3 GENERAL . 144 3.1 TS Configurations (UHX-12.1) . 144 3.2 Notations 144 3.3 Loading Cases (UHX-12.4) . 146 3.4 Design Assumptions (UHX-12.2) 147 3.5 Basis of Analytical Treatment . 147 3.5.1 General 147 3.5.2 Free Body Diagram . 148 4 TREATMENT OF T
29、HE PERFORATED TUBESHEET 150 5 TREATMENT OF THE UNPERFORATED RIM 151 5.1 Edge Loads Applied on Shell and Channel at their Connection to the TS 151 5.2 Equilibrium of the Unperforated Solid Rim 151 6 STRESSES IN THE HEAT-EXCHANGER COMPONENTS . 156 6.1 Stresses in the Tubesheet . 156 6.2 Stresses in th
30、e Shell and Channel 156 6.3 Determination of Stresses using the Fixed TS Rules . 157 7 DETERMINATION OF THE ALLOWABLE STRESS LIMITS. 158 8 ADDITIONAL RULES . 159 8.1 Effect of Plasticity at the Tubesheet-Shell-Channel Joint (UHX-12.5) . 159 9 HOW TO USE THE RULES . 160 10 COMPARISON WITH TEMA RULES
31、161 10.1 TEMA Formula 161 10.2 Numerical Comparisons . 161 ReferencesPart 5 . 163 PART 6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 164 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 165 Annex A Values of Effective Elastic Constants from Various Authors 168 Annex B Values of Effective Elastic Constants for the Full Range of (0.1*1.0)
32、. 170 1 Introduction 170 2 Curves (From 13 ) . 170 3 Numerical Values (From 13 ) 171 4 Polynomials . 176 Annex C Poissons Ratio in Tubes and Shell 177 Annex D Shell Pressure Acting on the Expansion Joint Sidewalls . 179 Annex E Differential Pressure Acting on the Equivalent Solid Plate . 180 Annex F
33、 Solution of Differential Equation w(x) . 182 Annex G Coefficients Zd, Zv, Zw, Zm; Qm, Qv; Q, Q; Fm, Ft 184 Annex H Radial Displacement and Rotation of the Shell at its Connection with the Ring 189 1 Radial Displacement Due to Internal Pressure Ps 189 2 Radial Displacement and Rotation Due to Edge L
34、oads Qs and Ms . 190 3 Radial Displacement Due to Internal Pressure and Edge Loads . 190 4 Channel 190 Annex I Shell-to-Ring Connection in Radial Direction 191 PTB-7-2014: Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers According to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1 vii Annex J Minimum Length of
35、Shell and Channel when Integral with the TS . 193 Annex K Formulas for a Hemispherical Channel when Integral with the TS . 195 1 Radial Displacement Due to Internal Pressure Pc 195 2 Radial Displacement and Rotation Due to Edge Loads Qs and Ms . 195 3 Radial Displacement Due to Internal Pressure and
36、 Edge Loads . 196 Annex L Equilibrium of Ring Subjected to Edge Moments 197 Annex M Direct Determination of the Equivalent Pressure 204 Annex N Formulas To Be Used When Pe=0 . 208 1 Net Effective Pressure: q(x) 208 2 Axial Displacement: w(x) 208 3 Rotation: (x) . 208 4 Bending Stress: (x) 208 5 Shea
37、r Stress:(x) . 209 6 Axial Stress in Tubes: t(x) . 209 Annex O Tabular and Graphical Representation of Coefficient Ft(x) 210 Annex P Tabular and Graphical Representation of Coefficient Fm(x) 227 Annex Q Tabular and Graphical Representation of Coefficient FQ(x) . 238 Annex R Determination of the Allo
38、wable Buckling Stress Limits . 250 Annex S Common Intersection of Curves t(x) 254 1 General . 254 2 Determination of Common Intersection xo for t(x) 254 3 Generalization to Other Stresses 255 Annex T Determination of Stresses in U-Tube TS HEs Using the Fixed TS Rules 256 Annex U Calculation of a U-T
39、ube TS Using Floating or Fixed TS HE Software . 259 MATHCAD EXAMPLES Annex V UHX-13 Example E4.18.7 (PTB-4 2013 Edition) with General Equations 260 Annex W UHX-14 Example E4.18.8 (PTB-4 2013 Edition) Stationary 306 Annex X UHX-14 Example E4.18.8 (PTB-4 2013 Edition) Floating 335 Annex Y UHX-12 Examp
40、le E4.18.4 (PTB-4 2013 Edition). 364 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Values for E*/E and for Triangular Pattern from Meijers 12 26 Table 2 Values of E*/E and for Square Pattern in Pitch and Diagonal Directions from Slot and ODonnell 7 27 Table 3 Comparison of TEMA and ASME TS Thicknesses for 4 U-tube HEs . 1
41、62 Table 4 Comparison of Effective Elastic Constants E* and Values by Various Theoretical Methods for Plane Stress Problem . 168 Table 5 Values of Curves * as a Function of * for Ratios h/p=0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 for Triangular Pattern . 172 Table 6 Values of Curves * as a Function of * f
42、or Ratios h/p=0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 for Square Pattern . 173 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Three Types of Tubesheet Heat Exchangers . 6 Figure 2 Tubesheet Configurations 8 PTB-7-2014: Criteria for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers According to Part UHX of ASME Section VIII Division 1 viii Figure
43、 3 Ligament Area in the Actual Tubesheet 18 Figure 4 Ligament Orientation in the Actual Tubesheet 19 Figure 5 Ligament Efficiency Used in TEMA . 20 Figure 6 TS Equivalent Diameter Do . 20 Figure 7 TS with Unperforated Lanes 22 Figure 8 Tube Expansion Depth Ratio =lt,x/h . 22 Figure 9 Pass Partition
44、Groove on Tubeside of the TS 24 Figure 10 Pitch and Diagonal Directions for Square Pattern . 26 Figure 11 Curves and Tables for the Determination of E*/E and (Triangular Pattern) 29 Figure 12 Curves and Tables for the Determination of E*/E and (Square Pattern) 30 Figure 13 Curves E*/E for Square Pat
45、tern Obtained from Polynomial Approximation Given in Figure 12 . 31 Figure 14 Fixed Tubesheet Heat Exchanger 34 Figure 15 Tubesheet Configurations 36 Figure 16 Analytical Model Used in Design Method 43 Figure 17 Free Body Diagram of the Analytical Model 44 Figure 18 Axial Displacement of Tubes 45 Fi
46、gure 19 Axial Displacement of the Shell 46 Figure 20 Loads Acting on the TS . 48 Figure 21 TS Displacement. 49 Figure 22 TS Displacement of the Unperforated Ring and Connection to Shell 52 Figure 23 Ring Equilibrium of the TS . 58 Figure 24 Equivalent Pressure and Axial Force Acting on Plate . 64 Fi
47、gure 25 Bending Stress Distribution Throughout the TS for Q3=0.0 and Xa=1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 71 Figure 26 Shell with Increased Thickness Adjacent to TSs . 81 Figure 27 Temperature Gradient at TS-Shell-Channel Joint . 85 Figure 28 Tubesheet Flanged Extension 89 Figure 29 Minimum Required Thickness o
48、f the Tubesheet Flanged Extension 90 Figure 30 Comparison of Tube Stresses Calculated Per UHX and FEA (Example E4.18.7) 94 Figure 31 Tube Stress Distribution Obtained by UHX, CODAP and FEA throughout the TS from r = 0 to r = ao 99 Figure 32 TEMA and ASME-CODAP Coefficient F for X Varying from X=0 to
49、 X=20 . 101 Figure 33 TEMA Coefficient F 101 Figure 34 TEMA Design Range 101 Figure 35 Coefficient Fq as a Function of X for SS and CL TS 104 Figure 36 Floating Tubesheet Heat Exchangers 111 Figure 37 Stationary Tubesheet Configurations 113 Figure 38 Floating Tubesheet Configurations 114 Figure 39 Analytical Model Used in Design Method 120 Figure 40 Free Body Diagram of the Analytical Mode
