1、Steam Turbines in Combined CyclesPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PTC 6.2-2011(Revision of ASME PTC 6.2-2004)ASME PTC 6.2-2011Steam Turbines in Combined CyclesPerformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD(Revision of ASME PTC 6.2-2004)Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016
2、 USADate of Issuance: October 21, 2011This Code will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this Code. Periodically certain actions of the ASME PTC Committee may be published as C
3、ode Cases. Code Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http:/cstools.asme.org as they are issued.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meet
4、ing the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and c
5、omment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of
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8、ode or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic r
9、etrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2011 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.iiiCONTENTSNotice vForeword viComm
10、ittee Roster viiCorrespondence With the PTC Committee . viiiSection 1 Object and Scope 11-1 Object . 11-2 Scope 11-3 Uncertainty . 1Section 2 Definitions and Descriptions of Terms 22-1 Symbols 22-2 Abbreviations . 22-3 Definitions 2Section 3 Guiding Principles . 43-1 Introduction 43-2 Test Plan 63-3
11、 Preliminary Testing . 93-4 Isolation of the Cycle . 93-5 Conduct of Test 103-6 Calculation and Reporting of Results . 13Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement . 174-1 General Requirements . 174-2 Pressure Measurement 224-3 Temperature Measurement 264-4 Flow Measurement 294-5 Electrical Ge
12、neration Measurement 324-6 Data Collection and Handling . 37Section 5 Computation of Results 395-1 Fundamental Equation . 395-2 Data Reduction 395-3 Correction of Test Results to Specified Conditions . 395-4 Uncertainty Analysis . 48Section 6 Report of Results . 506-1 General Requirements . 506-2 Ex
13、ecutive Summary 506-3 Introduction 506-4 Calculations and Results 506-5 Instrumentation . 506-6 Conclusion 516-7 Appendices . 51Figures3-1.2-1 Three-Pressure Reheat Steam Turbine Heat Balance 53-1.2-2 Two-Pressure Nonreheat Steam Turbine Heat Balance 63-1.3.2 Net Turbine Equipment Electrical Output
14、. 73-5.5.1 Required Number of Readings . 133-5.5.3 Uncertainty Intervals 144-1.2.3-1 Location and Type of Test Instrumentation for Combined Cycle (Triple Pressure HP/IP-LP Reheat Steam Turbine) Test Procedure 19iv4-1.2.3-2 Location and Type of Test Instrumentation for Combined Cycle (Triple Pressure
15、 HP-IP/LP Reheat Steam Turbine) Test Procedure . 204-2.6.2-1 Five-Way Manifold 244-2.6.2-2 Water Leg Correction for Flow Measurement . 254-2.7.3-1 Basket Tip 264-2.7.3-2 Guide Plate . 274-5.2.1-1 Two-Meter System for Use on Three-Wire Delta-Connected Power Systems 334-5.2.1-2 Two-Meter System for Us
16、e on Three-Wire Wye-Connected Power Systems . 344-5.2.2 Three-Meter System for Use on Four-Wire Power Systems 345-3.2.1 Illustration of a Correction Curve With Independent and Interacting Variables . 445-3.2.2 Illustration of a Correction Curve With Two Independent Variables 45Tables2-1 Symbols . 33
17、-1.3.5 Allowable Deviations 73-2.4.2 Definition of Variables for Benchmark Testing . 93-5.5.1 Definitions and Notes for Fig. 3-5.5.1 . 143-6.4.1 Allowable Uncertainty 154-4.1.4 Units in the General Flow Equation . 304-4.1.5-1 Summary Uncertainty of Discharge Coefficient and of Expansion Factor, Pres
18、sure, and Differential Pressure in the Same Units 314-4.1.5-2 Uncertainties in Mass Flow for Correctly Applied Differential Pressure Flowmeters 325-1 Application of Corrections . 405-3.1.1 Correction Formulations. 415-3.2.1 Output From a Turbine Performance Modeling Program, Example 1 445-3.2.2 Outp
19、ut From a Turbine Performance Modeling Program, Example 2 455-3.3 Terms Used for Flow Capacity Correction . 45Mandatory AppendixI Correction Formulation Methodology . 53Nonmandatory AppendicesA Sample Test Calculation 59B Sample Test Uncertainty Calculation 79C Procedures for Determining HP to IP Le
20、akage Flow 87vNOTICEAll Performance Test Codes must adhere to the requirements of ASME PTC 1, General Instructions. The following information is based on that document and is included here for emphasis and for the convenience of the user of the Code. It is expected that the Code user is fully cogniz
21、ant of Sections 1 and 3 of ASME PTC 1 and has read them prior to applying this Code.ASME Performance Test Codes provide test procedures that yield results of the highest levelof accuracy consistent with the best engineering knowledge and practice currently available. They were developed by balanced
22、committees representing all concerned interests and specify procedures, instrumentation, equipment-operating requirements, calculation methods, and uncertainty analysis.When tests are run in accordance with a Code, the test results themselves, without adjustment for uncertainty, yield the best avail
23、able indication of the actual performance of the tested equipment. ASME Performance Test Codes do not specify means to compare those results to contractual guarantees. Therefore, it is recommended that the parties to a commercial test agree before starting the test and preferably before signing the
24、contract on the method to be used for comparing the test results to the contractual guarantees. It is beyond the scope of any Code to determine or interpret how such comparisons shall be made.viFOREWORDASME Performance Test Code 6 on Steam Turbines is most directly targeted for application to steam
25、turbines in regenerative feedwater heater cycles. A Performance Test Code has heretofore not existed to provide procedures for the accurate testing of steam turbines in a Combined Cycle application. The procedures for testing a steam turbine in a Combined Cycle differ from those used to test a steam
26、 turbine in a regenerative feedwater heater cycle because of differences in cycle configuration and test objectives.In recognition of these differences and to facilitate testing of Steam Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications, the ASME Board on Performance Test Codes approved the formation of a com
27、mittee (PTC 6.2) on June 7, 2000, with the charter of developing a code for testing of Steam Turbines in Combined Cycle Applications. The resulting committee included experienced and qualified users, manufacturers, and general interest category personnel from the domestic regulated, the domestic non
28、regulated, and the international electric power generating industry. The organizational meeting of this committee was held on August 15 and 16, 2000.In developing the first edition of this Code, the Committee reviewed industry practices with regard to determin-ing the performance of a steam turbine
29、in a combined cycle application. The Committee strived to develop an objec-tive code that addresses the need for explicit testing methods and procedures while providing maximum flexibility in recognition of the wide range of combined cycle applications and testing methodologies.The first edition of
30、this Code was approved by the PTC 6.2 Committee on October 24, 2003. It was then approved and adopted by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on Performance Test Codes on January 13, 2004. It was also approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of
31、Standards Review on August 6, 2004.This revision was undertaken at the Committee meeting on March 6 and 7, 2006. This revision accomplishes the following changes:(a) it amplifies the section on degradation thus providing more useful guidance(b) provides more guidance on correlated and uncorrelated u
32、ncertainty(c) addresses stability criteria such as off-design limits of pressure and temperature(d) adds references to relevant Codes such as PTC 19.5 and PTC 19.6(e) complies with PTC 1 and the PTC 1 Template(f) provides an expanded Nonmandatory Appendix C (formerly D) on the procedure for determin
33、ing N2 packing leakage flow(g) revises many recommendations in Section 3 to requirements, i.e., use of shall instead of shouldThis revision does not include Mandatory Appendix II, Procedure for Fitting a Calibration Curve of an Orifice-Metering Run and Nonmandatory Appendix C, Sample Flow Calculatio
34、ns for Differential Pressure Meter. It was reasoned that the issuance of the revised PTC 19.5, Flow Measurement, provided much of the corresponding infor-mation found in these deleted appendices.This revision was approved by the Council as a Standard practice of the Society by action of the Board on
35、 Standardization and Testing on April 1, 2011. It was also approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on June 28, 2011.viiASME PTC COMMITTEEPerformance Test Codes(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Code.)STANDARDS COMMITT
36、EE OFFICERSJ. R. Friedman, ChairJ. W. Milton, Vice ChairJ. H. Karian, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELP. G. Albert, General Electric Co. S. J. Korellis, Electric Power Research InstituteR. P. Allen, Consultant M. P. McHale, McHale however, they should not contain proprietary names or informati
37、on.Requests that are not in this format will be rewritten in this format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect a
38、n interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The PTC Committee holds meetings o
39、r telephone conferences, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the PTC Standards Committee or check our Web site http:/www.asme.org/codes/.ASME PTC 6.2-201111-1 OBJECTThis Code provides procedures for the accurate
40、test-ing of steam turbines in combined cycles. It is the intent of this Code that accurate instrumentation and measure-ment techniques be used to determine performance. In planning and running the test, the Code user must strive to follow the procedures in this Code to meet the uncer-tainty requirem
41、ents.1-2 SCOPEThis Code may be used for testing steam turbines in combined cycles with or without supplementary firing and in cogeneration applications. Within these categories of combined and cogeneration cycles, this Code is applicable to condensing and noncondens-ing steam turbines, to reheat and
42、 nonreheat steam turbines, and to induction/extraction steam turbines. The variety of cycles presents challenges in writing a code that addresses all issues encountered for all cycle configurations. ASME PTC 6 is the appropriate code for testing steam turbines in nuclear and fossil-fired regenerativ
43、e feedwater heater cycles. This Code is applicable only to turbines in cycles in which steam is the working fluid.This Code provides procedures for testing and cal-culating turbine-generator output performance corrected to reference conditions as a measure of overall turbine performance. This Code c
44、ontains rules and procedures for the conduct and reporting of steam turbine test-ing, including requirements for pretest arrangements, testing techniques, instrumentation, methods of meas-urement, and methods for calculating test results and uncertainty.1-3 UNCERTAINTYThe underlying philosophy of th
45、is Code is to achieve test results of the lowest uncertainty based on current technology and knowledge, taking into account test cost and value of the information obtained. To accomplish this and because of the various configurations covered by this Code, an upper limit for the uncertainty of each p
46、arameter is established. Exceeding the upper limit of any parameters uncertainty requirement is allowable only if it is demonstrated that the selection of all instru-mentation will result in an overall test uncertainty equal to or less than what it would have been had all param-eters uncertainty req
47、uirements been followed.A pretest uncertainty analysis is required. It serves to establish the expected level of uncertainty for the test. The test uncertainty shall be calculated in accordance with the procedures defined herein and by ASME PTC 19.1, Test Uncertainty.A post-test uncertainty analysis
48、 is also required. It is used to determine the uncertainty for the actual test. This analysis should confirm the pretest systematic and random uncertainty estimates and validate the quality of the test results.The maximum uncertainty permitted by the Code will be influenced by the actual turbine cyc
49、le and the sensitivity of the corrected results to cycle variables. The combination of the applicable test uncertainty lim-its of each of the measurements shown in Table 3-6.4.1 and Section 4 shall be used to determine the maximum allowable test uncertainty for that particular configura-tion and test. For example, the maximum allowable test uncertainty for a typical reheat cycle derived using the limiting uncertainties of all components is 0.5%, as given in Nonmandatory Appendix B.STEAM TURBINES IN COMBINED CYCLESSection 1Object and ScopeASME PTC 6.2-20112Secti
