1、COMPARISON REPORT ON WELDING QUALIFICATION AND WELDING QUALITY ASSURANCESTP-NU-078STP-NU-078 COMPARISON REPORT ON WELDING QUALIFICATION AND WELDING QUALITY ASSURANCE Prepared by: Dr. Andrew Wasylyk World Nuclear Association Date of Issuance: June 30, 2016 This report was prepared as an account of wo
2、rk sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC). This report was prepared under award NRC-HQ-12-G-04-0059 from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do
3、not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Neither ASME, ASME ST-LLC, the author, nor others involved in the preparation or review of this report, nor any of their respective employees, members or persons acting on their behalf, makes any warranty, express or implied
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10、yright 2016 by ASME Standards Technology, LLC All Rights Reserved STP-NU-078: Comparison Report on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . vii Abbreviations and Acronyms viii 1 COMPARISON METHODOLOGY 1 1.1 General . 1 1.2 Comparison Scale 2 2 BACKGROUND I
11、NFORMATION ON ISO AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS 3 2.1 General Description of ISO . 3 2.2 ISO Standards and Relation with European (EN) and National Standards . 4 3 ISO STANDARDS FOR PRESSURE-RETAINING EQUIPMENT 6 4 ROLE OF THE PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE 7 4.1 General . 7 4.2 Application of the PED to Pre
12、ssure Equipment (conventional) 7 4.3 Application of the PED to Pressure Equipment for Nuclear Use 8 4.4 Implications of the PED to Welding Qualifications 2 . 8 4.4.1 Welding Qualification . 8 4.4.2 Approval by a Third Party 9 5 COMPARISON OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICA
13、TIONS . 11 5.1 Introduction 11 5.2 ASME BPVC Section IX versus ISO Standards . 11 5.2.1 General 11 5.2.2 ASME BPVC IX versus ISO 9606-1 and ISO 14732 . 12 5.3 ASME BPVC Section III for welding procedures, supplementary essential variables were considered as well. The corresponding requirements were
14、then evaluated according to the comparison scale described in Section 1.2. Figure 1-1: Schematic Representation of Code Comparison for Welder and Welding Operator Qualifications Baseline code (ASME BPVC) Codes to be compared Section IX ISO 9606-1 Note(1) and ISO 14732 Section IX +III RCC-M PNAE G-7
15、CSA JSME KEPIC Note (1) At the time of preparing this report, two standards for welder qualification for fusion welding of steels were current: EN 287-1 and ISO 9606-1. The latter was intended to replace EN 287-1. However, EN 287-1 remained current due to its citation in Pressure Equipment Directive
16、 97/23/EC. In September 2015 the European Commission advised CEN that ISO 9606-1, Annex ZA, should have been modified to ensure it was fully compliant with the essential safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 97/23/EC. Therefore, until Annex ZA would be updated, EN 287-1 remai
17、ned cited in the Official Journal of the EU and continued to provide presumption of conformity with the PED. According to information available to the authors, changes to Annex ZA of ISO 9606-1 were being discussed at the time of issuing this report. Therefore, EN 287-1 was expected to be withdrawn
18、shortly after publication of the report and was not considered. STP-NU-078: Comparison Report on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance 2 Figure 1-2: Schematic Representation of Code Comparison for the Technical Content of Welding Procedure Specifications and the Qualification Thereof B
19、aseline code (ASME BPVC) Codes to be compared Section IX ISO 15609, ISO 15614 series Note(1) and ISO 15613 Section IX +III RCC-M PNAE G-7 CSA JSME KEPIC Note (1) Limited to ISO 15614-1, ISO 15614-8 and ISO 15614-11. Figure 1-3: Schematic Representation of Code Comparison for a System for Technical M
20、anagement and Supervision of Welding as a Manufacturing / Construction Tool Baseline code (ASME BPVC) Codes to be compared Section IX +III RCC-M PNAE G-7 CSA JSME ISO 3834 KEPIC 1.2 Comparison Scale The comparison scale used in this report and in the appendices is described below. This is based on t
21、he scale used for the Code Comparison Report, which was modified to address more specifically the cases in which significant differences between codes or standards requirements were identified. A1 = Same Requirements classified as category A1 are considered to be technically identical. Requirements
22、are classified as category A1 and considered to be the same even if there are inconsequential differences in wording, such as might result due to translation from one language to another, as long as the wording does not change the meaning or interpretation of the requirement. Likewise, differences i
23、n paragraph numbering are not considered when classifying requirements as long as the same requirement exists in both codes being compared. A2 = Equivalent Requirements are considered to be equivalent when applying either code or standard, if compliance with the applied code or standard will also me
24、et the requirements of the other code or standard. Equivalence is not affected by differences in level of precision of unit conversions B1 = Different Not specified Requirements are considered to be different not specified, if one code or standard includes requirements that the compared code or stan
25、dard does not specify. This classification may result because of differences in the scope of equipment covered by a respective code, the scope of industrial practices applied in context of the respective code, differences in regulatory requirements applicable in conjunction with application of a par
26、ticular code or simply as a result of differences in requirements addressed in one code versus those of another. B2 = Technically Different Requirements are considered to be technically different if either code requires something more or less than, or otherwise technically different from, the requir
27、ements imposed by the other. These differences might be due to different technical approaches applied by a code or imposition of regulatory requirements within the country from which a code originates. STP-NU-078: Comparison Report on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance 3 2 BACKGROUN
28、D INFORMATION ON ISO AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS 2.1 General Description of ISO The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 1 is an independent, non-governmental membership organization and the worlds largest developer of voluntary International Standards. ISO was founded in 1946 when delega
29、tes from 25 countries met at the Institute of Civil Engineers in London and decided to create a new international organization to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards. In February 1947 the new organization, ISO, officially began operations. Since then, IS
30、O has published over 19,500 International Standards covering almost technology and manufacturing, food safety, to agriculture and healthcare. ISO is currently made of 163 member countries who are the national SDOs worldwide, with a central secretariat based in Geneva, Switzerland. The General Assemb
31、ly is the ultimate authority for ISO work. This annual meeting is attended by ISOs members and Principal Officers, including the President, the Vice-President (policy), the Vice President (technical management), the Vice-President (finance), the Treasurer and the Secretary General. The ISO Council t
32、akes care of most governance issues. It meets twice a year and is made up of 20 member bodies, the ISO Officers and the Chairs of Policy Development Committees (CASCO, COPOLCO, DEVCO). Membership to the Council is open to all member bodies and rotates to make sure it is representative of the member
33、community. The management of the technical work is taken care of by the Technical Management Board. This body is also responsible for the technical committees that lead standard development and any strategic advisory boards created on technical matters. The General Assembly and the Council map out I
34、SOs strategic direction. However, day to day operations are run by the Central Secretariat in Geneva, Switzerland. The Central Secretariat is under the direction of the Secretary General, who is also one of ISOs Principal Officers. ISOs governance structure is shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1: ISO Go
35、vernance Structure STP-NU-078: Comparison Report on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance 4 2.2 ISO Standards and Relation with European (EN) and National Standards ISO standards are developed by a panel of experts, within a technical committee (TC). Once the need for a standard has be
36、en established, these experts meet to discuss and negotiate a draft standard. As soon as a draft has been developed it is shared with ISOs members who are asked to comment and vote on it. As part of the voting process, a proposed draft standard may be discussed by the designated national experts wit
37、h their countrys mirror committee, which reviews it and develops a position on the proposal. If a consensus is reached the draft becomes an ISO standard, if not it goes back to the technical committee for further edits (Figure 2-2). The ISO technical committee responsible for welding-related standar
38、ds is ISO/TC 44 Welding and allied processes. The scope of this technical committee includes standardization of welding, by all processes, as well as allied processes; these standards include terminology, definitions and the symbolic representation of welds on drawings, apparatus and equipment for w
39、elding, raw materials (gas, parent and filler metals) welding processes and rules, methods of test and control, calculations and design of welded assemblies, welders qualifications, as well as safety and health. Electrical safety matters related to welding are excluded and are the responsibility of
40、ISO technical committee IEC/TC 26. Participation to ISO/TC 44 currently extends to 32 countries, with the addition of 33 observing countries. In addition to the main TC, various subcommittees have been formed (Figure 2-3). The TC and its subcommittees have published a total number of 303 standards,
41、including those included in this comparison (see references). With regards to Europe, European standards (EN standards) are issued by one of the European standardization organizations (depending on the topic), such as the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). CEN may decide to adopt/approve
42、ISO standards without modifications, in which case they are then given the status of European standards and published as EN ISO (for example ISO 15614-1 has been approved by CEN and published as EN ISO 15614-1). European countries that are members of CEN are obliged to publish EN standards as nation
43、al standards; so an EN standard automatically becomes a national standard in European countries. For example: once EN ISO 15614-1 was published, this was adopted by European countries and it was published as a national standard (e.g. as BS ISO 15614-1 in the UK, NF EN ISO 15614-1 in France). STP-NU-
44、078: Comparison Report on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance 5 Figure 2-2: ISO Standard Development Route Figure 2-3: Structure of ISO/TC 44 Subcommittee / Working Group Title ISO/TC 44/JAG IIW - ISO/TC 44 - CEN/TC 121 Coordination Committee ISO/TC 44/WG 3 Brazing materials and proc
45、esses ISO/TC 44/WG 4 Welding and brazing in aerospace ISO/TC 44/WG 5 Welding simulation ISO/TC 44/SC 3 Welding consumables ISO/TC 44/SC 5 Testing and inspection of welds ISO/TC 44/SC 6 Resistance welding and allied mechanical joining ISO/TC 44/SC 7 Representation and terms ISO/TC 44/SC 8 Equipment f
46、or gas welding, cutting and allied processes ISO/TC 44/SC 9 Health and safety ISO/TC 44/SC 10 Unification of requirements in the field of metal welding ISO/TC 44/SC 11 Qualification requirements for welding and allied processes personnel ISO/TC 44/SC 12 Soldering materials STP-NU-078: Comparison Rep
47、ort on Welding Qualification and Welding Quality Assurance 6 3 ISO STANDARDS FOR PRESSURE-RETAINING EQUIPMENT As an international organization, ISO encompasses a number of countries, industry sectors and types of products and activities (Section 2), and no self-contained ISO standard, or collection
48、of standards, exists that covers the design, fabrication and testing of nuclear power plant components or non-nuclear pressure-retaining equipment. These are addressed by the SDOs and nuclear and pressure component regulatory bodies, as well as by legal requirements of each individual member country
49、. Various collections of standards or individual publications applicable to pressure-retaining equipment, which are broadly comparable to sections of the ASME BPVC, are published by national or international bodies and were not included in the scope of work of this project, such as: EN 12952 series Water-tube boiler and auxiliary installations, broadly corresponding to ASME BPVC Section I. EN 13445 series Unfired pressure vessel, broadly corresponding to ASME BPVC Section VIII. National standards such as the British Standard PD 5500 Specification for
