1、STP-PT-007COMPARISON OFPRESSURE VESSEL CODESASME SECTION VIII ANDEN13445Technical, Commercial, and Usage ComparisonDesign Fatigue Life ComparisonSTP-PT-007 COMPARISON OF PRESSURE VESSEL CODES ASME SECTION VIII AND EN13445 Technical, Commercial, and Usage Comparison Design Fatigue Life Comparison Dat
2、e of Issuance: December 12, 2006 This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by ASME Pressure Technology Codes and Standards and the ASME Standards Technology, LLC (ASME ST-LLC). Neither ASME, ASME ST-LLC, the authors, nor others involved in the preparation or review of this report, nor
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13、ithout the prior written permission of the publisher. ASME Standards Technology, LLC Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 ISBN No. 0-7918-3093-4Copyright 2006 by ASME Standards Technology, LLC All Rights Reserved Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 STP-PT-007 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD. iv ABS
14、TRACT . v PART I - PVP2006-ICPVT11-94010: Comparison on Pressure Vessel Codes ASME Section VIII and EN13445 . 1 ABSTRACT . 2 1 INTRODUCTION . 3 2 REVIEW OF “COMPARATIVE STUDY EN 13445 AND ASME SECTION VIII, DIV. 1 AND 2” 3 3 CODE PARAMETER COMPARISONS 4 3.1 Material Properties 4 3.2 Carbon and Low A
15、lloy Ferritic Steels. 4 3.3 Austenitic Stainless Steels. 5 3.4 Design Rules . 9 3.5 Heat Treatments 10 3.6 NDE/Inspection Requirements 11 4 COST STRUCTURE BREAKDOWN 11 5 SURVEY ANALYSIS. 15 6 CONCLUSION 21 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 22 REFERENCES. 23 PART II - PVP2006-ICPVT11-93059: Design Fatigue Life Compari
16、son of ASME Section VIII and EN 13445 Vessels with Welded Joints . 25 ABSTRACT . 26 NOMENCLATURE. 27 1 INTRODUCTION . 28 2 ASSESSING DESIGN LIFE FOR WELDED JOINTS 28 3 FSRFS IN SECTION VIII DIVISION 2 29 4 EXAMPLE 3 OF EC STUDY . 30 4.1 Fatigue Analysis in the EC Study 30 4.2 Fatigue Analysis by ASM
17、E Code . 30 5 EXAMPLE 4 OF EC STUDY . 31 5.1 Batch Operation. 31 5.2 Stirrer Operation 32 6 DISCUSSION32 7 CONCLUSIONS . 33 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 34 REFERENCES. 35 iii STP-PT-007 Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 FOREWORD This report presents two papers presented during the 2006 ASME Pressure Vessels an
18、d Piping Division Conference held July 23-27, 2006, in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The papers have also been published by ASME along with the Proceedings of PVP2006-ICPVT-11. The papers resulted from projects sponsored by ASME in response to the “Comparative Study on Pressure Equipment Standards”, publis
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22、 and services, which advance the application of emerging and newly commercialized science and technology and providing the research and technology development needed to establish and maintain the technical relevance of codes and standards. Visit www.stllc.asme.org for more information. iv Comparison
23、 of ASME Code and EN13445 STP-PT-007 ABSTRACT Part I of this report includes paper PVP2006-ICPVT11-94010, “Comparison of Pressure Vessel Codes ASME Section VIII and EN13445.” This paper consists of a comparative study of the primary technical, commercial, and usage differences between the American S
24、ociety of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII and the European Pressure Vessel Code EN13445 (EN). This study includes a review of “Comparative Study on Pressure Equipment Standards” published by the European Commission (EC) and provides technical comparisons betw
25、een the code design requirements, material properties, fabrication, and contributing effects on overall cost. This study is intended to provide a broad viewpoint on the major differences and factors to consider when choosing the most appropriate vessel design code to use. Part II of this report incl
26、udes paper PVP2006-ICPVT11-93059, “Design Fatigue Life Comparison of ASME Section VIII and EN 13445 Vessels with Welded Joints.” The “Comparative Study on Pressure Equipment Standards” performed by the EC included a comparison of design fatigue life of welded vessels allowed by the ASME Boiler and P
27、ressure Vessel Code (B and 2) materials with a tensile elongation greater than 35%. To simplify this brief comparison, only the second group of materials will be discussed, which generally encompasses the 300 series group of stainless steel materials. For austenitic steels that have a minimum tensil
28、e elongation property greater than 35%, each of the Codes establishes allowable stresses considering both the minimum yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of a material. However, the relationship between these two properties that is used to establish allowable stresses differs significantly
29、from the EN Code to ASME. Table 2 below illustrates the specific allowable stress bases for each Code. Table 2 Allowable Stress Basis for Austenitic Steels Design Code Allowable Stress ASME Section VIII Division 1 Case 1: Lesser of 5.3FTuand 5.1FT2.0yCase 2: Lesser of 5.3FTuand T2.0yF90.0 ASME Secti
30、on VIII Division 2 Case 1: Lesser of 0.3FTuand 5.1FT2.0yCase 2: Lesser of 0.3FTuand T2.0yF90.0 EN 13445 max 5.1FT0.1y, min 0.3F,2.1FTT0.1uy TuF = Ultimate Tensile Strength at Design Temperature T2.0yF = 0.2% Offset Yield Strength at Design Temperature T0.1yuF = 1.0% Offset Yield Strength at Design T
31、emperature As noted in Appendices 1 and 2 of ASME Section II Part D, it is recommended that the higher stresses shown by Case 2 be used only where slightly higher deformation is not in itself objectionable, and are not recommended for the design of flanges or other strain sensitive applications. The
32、re are two significant factors in the EN 13445 Code that produce higher allowable stresses. First, the yield strengths used for establishing the austenitic steel material properties are based on a 1.0% strain offset. SA-370 of ASME Section II Part A requires the yield strength testing of materials t
33、o be based on a 0.2% offset. A review of the material yield strength properties published in EN 10028-7:2000 for stainless steels indicates that the 1.0% yield strength is anywhere from 30% to 40% higher than the 0.2% yield strength. This higher material yield strength basis leads directly to higher
34、 allowables. 5 STP-PT-007 PART I Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 The second significant factor that contributes to the higher allowable stresses in the EN Code is the comparison basis between the yield and tensile that is used for establishing the allowables. Table 2 shows that the EN 13445 allo
35、wable stresses are a function of the greater of two values, whereas in the ASME Code the allowable is always based on the lesser of two values. (See Table 2) When combined with the fact that the value of the material yield strength used for these comparisons is always greater under the EN Code philo
36、sophy, the EN 13445 allowable stresses for austenitic materials will typically be higher than those specified by ASME. The exception to this general observation would be for applications where slightly higher deformations are not detrimental to the equipment design (see Case 2 criteria in Table 2).
37、Figure 5 illustrates this case, where the ASME allowable stress is based on a value that does not exceed 90% of the minimum specified yield strength of the material. 0.05.010.015.020.025.030.0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-516-70 Div 1SA-516-70 Div 2EN 10028
38、-2 P295GH Up to 16mm EN 10028-2 P295GH 16-40mm Example5 &6Figure 1 Allowable vs Temperature for Carbon Steel 6 Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 PART I STP-PT-007 5.010.015.020.025.030.035.0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-387-22-2 Div 1SA-387-22-2 Div 2EN-1
39、0028-2 12CrMo9-10Example 2aFigure 2 Allowable vs Temperature for 2 Cr - 1 Mo Plate 5.010.015.020.025.030.035.0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-336-F22-3 Div 1SA-336-F22-3 Div 2EN 10222-2 11CrMo9-10Example 2bFigure 3 Allowable vs Temperature for 2 Cr - 1 Mo For
40、ging 7 STP-PT-007 PART I Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 10.012.014.016.018.020.022.024.0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-240-316Ti Div-1EN 10028-7 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 Example 4Figure 4 Allowable vs. Temperature for 16Cr 12 Ni 2Mo Ti 10.012.014.016.018.020.0
41、22.024.0100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-240-304 Div-1SA-240-304 Div-2EN 10028-2 X5CrNi18-10Example3Figure 5 Allowable vs Temperature for 18 Cr 8 Ni 8 Comparison of ASME Code and EN13445 PART I STP-PT-007 5.010.015.020.025.030.035.040.0100 200 300 400 500 600
42、700 800 900 1000Temperature (F)Allowable (ksi)SA-542 tp D Cl 4a Div 1SA-542 tp D Cl 4a Div 2EN-10028-2 13CrMoV9-10Example 2aFigure 6 Allowable vs Temperature for 13Cr Mo V 3.4 Design Rules The ASME Section VIII (ASME) and the EN 13445 (EN) Codes have similar requirements for design and the rule base
43、d equations seem to be identical for both codes. The EN is a combined Code including design by rules and design by analysis. The advantage of this approach is greater consistency of design requirements when a combination of rules and design by analysis are employed. The design by analysis rules prov
44、ides two options in the EN Code. The first is stress categorization including linearization similar to the present methods provided in Section VIII Division 2. However, the EN Code provides for a second option which is called the “Direct Route which provides a method more attuned to finite element r
45、esults. It seems that the primary difference between the design by rules method of the ASME and EN Codes are the additional requirements and limitations associated with the non destructive weld inspection. The EN Code sorts equipment based on “Test Groups” which define the required NDE and other lim
46、itations. The ASME joint efficiency is only tied to the radiographic requirements. A review of EN 13445, Table 6.6.1-1 shows the test groups and requirements of the EN Code. The various Testing Groups in Table 6.6.1.1 of EN 13445 assume a significant degree of sophistication and expertise on the par
47、t of the design engineer. Table 6.6.1.1 permits joint efficiencies of 1.0, 0.85, and 0.70 for certain materials, with the related NDE requirements in Table 6.2.1.1. It is not immediately clear which joint efficiency / NDE / material combinations actually result in more cost effective designs. The AS
48、ME Codes are more straight forward. ASME Section VIII, Division 1 permits joint efficiencies of 1.0, 0.85, and 0.7. Designs with lesser joint efficiencies require less examination, but result in thicker vessels. ASME Section VIII, Division 2 only permits joint efficiency of 1.0 and requires 100% NDE
49、 of welds. As an example, for those vessels designed using a weld joint coefficient (joint efficiency in ASME) of 0.7, the EN Code limits the materials, the thickness and the design temperature. No such limits are placed on an ASME vessel using this joint efficiency. Also, those vessels designed with in Test Group 4 are not intended to be in cyclic service for the EN code. The direct impact on the cost is not known, but the additional limitations and requirements for the EN Code could impact cost especially 9 STP-PT-007 PART I Comparison
